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AC'97
AC'97 (''Audio Codec '97;'' also MC'97 for ''Modem Codec '97'') is an Sound reproduction, audio codec standard developed by Intel Architecture Labs in 1997. The standard was used in motherboards, modems, and sound cards. The specification covers two types of components, and the AC-Link digital interface between them: # an AC'97 ''digital controller'' (DC97), which is built into the Southbridge (computing), southbridge of the chipset, and # an AC'97 audio and modem ''codec'', available from several vendors, which contains the analog components of the architecture. AC'97 defines a high-quality, 16- or 20-bit audio architecture with 5.1 surround sound support for the PC. AC'97 supports a 96 kHz sampling rate at 20-bit stereo Audio bit depth, resolution and a 48 kHz sampling rate at 20-bit stereo resolution for multichannel recording and playback. Integrated audio is implemented with the AC'97 Codec on the motherboard, a communications and networking riser card, or an audi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intel High Definition Audio
Intel High Definition Audio (IHDA) (also called HD Audio or development codename Azalia) is a specification for the audio sub-system of personal computers. It was released by Intel in 2004 as the successor to their AC'97 PC audio standard. Features The Intel High Definition Audio specification includes the following features: * Up to 15 input and 15 output streams * Up to 16 PCM audio channels per stream * Sample resolutions of 8–32 bits * Sample rates of 6–192 kHz * Support for audio codecs (e.g., ADC, DAC), modem codecs, and vendor-defined codecs * Discoverable codec architecture * Fine-grained codec power-control * Audio jack detection, sensing, and retasking Motherboards typically do not have any more than eight built-in output channels (7.1 surround sound) and four input channels (back and front panel microphone inputs, and a back-panel stereo line-in). Users requiring more audio I/Os will typically opt for a sound card or an external audio interface, as these ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sound Card
A sound card (also known as an audio card) is an internal expansion card that provides input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under the control of computer programs. The term ''sound card'' is also applied to external audio interfaces used for professional audio applications. Sound functionality can also be integrated onto the motherboard, using components similar to those found on plug-in cards. The integrated sound system is often still referred to as a ''sound card''. Sound processing hardware is also present on modern video cards with HDMI to output sound along with the video using that connector; previously they used a S/PDIF connection to the motherboard or sound card. Typical uses of sound cards or sound card functionality include providing the audio component for multimedia applications such as music composition, editing video or audio, presentation, education and entertainment (games) and video projection. Sound cards are also used for computer-base ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Realtek
Realtek Semiconductor Corp () is a fabless semiconductor company situated in the Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Realtek was founded in October 1987 and subsequently listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange in 1998. Realtek currently manufactures and sells a variety of Integrated circuit, microchips globally and its product lines broadly fall into three categories: communications network ICs, computer peripheral ICs, and multimedia ICs. As of 2019, Realtek employs 5,000 people, of whom 78% work in research and development. History Avance Logic Avance Logic, Inc. was a hardware manufacturer founded in 1991 in Fremont, California , Fremont, California, and was most recently headquartered in San Jose, California. Avance Logic focused particularly on the development of low-cost, highly integrated electronic components for Original Equipment Manufacturer , OEM manufacturers and was active in the areas of 2D graphics and audio. A 3D accelerator was developed in the mid-1990s, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C-Media
C-Media Electronics, Inc. () is a Taiwan computer hardware company that manufactures processors for PC audio and USB storage, and wireless audio devices. Products ISA audio * CMI8328 * CMI8330 PCI audio * CMI8338 * CMI8738-SX * CMI8738-LX * CMI8738-MX * CMI8768 * CMI8768+ (Dolby Digital Live encoding) * CMI8769 * CMI8770 (Dolby Digital Live & DTS Connect encoding) * Oxygen HD CMI8786 * Oxygen HD CMI8787 * Oxygen HD CMI8788 (Dolby Digital Live & DTS Connect encoding) AC'97 audio * CMI9738 * CMI9739 * CMI9761 * CMI9780 HD Audio * CMI9880 (some of them have Dolby Digital Live certification) * CM8888 (Oxygen Express-series) APPLICATIONS : PowerColor Devil HDX Sound Card * CMI8828 (Oxygen Express-series) APPLICATIONS : HT OMEGA FENIX Sound Card, SUNWEIT ST15, SUNWEIT ST16 * CM8826 (Oxygen Express-series) USB audio * CM102A+/S+ * CM108AH * CM108B * CM118B * CM119B/BN * CM6206 * CM6206-LX * CM6300 * CM6302 * CM6317A * CM6327A * CM6400 * CM6400X1 * CM6500B * CM6502B * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avance Logic
Realtek Semiconductor Corp () is a fabless semiconductor company situated in the Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Realtek was founded in October 1987 and subsequently listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange in 1998. Realtek currently manufactures and sells a variety of microchips globally and its product lines broadly fall into three categories: communications network ICs, computer peripheral ICs, and multimedia ICs. As of 2019, Realtek employs 5,000 people, of whom 78% work in research and development. History Avance Logic Avance Logic, Inc. was a hardware manufacturer founded in 1991 in Fremont, California, and was most recently headquartered in San Jose, California. Avance Logic focused particularly on the development of low-cost, highly integrated electronic components for OEM manufacturers and was active in the areas of 2D graphics and audio. A 3D accelerator was developed in the mid-1990s, but it was not widely used. Avance Logic was acquired by Realtek as early ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modem
A modulator-demodulator or modem is a computer hardware device that converts data from a digital format into a format suitable for an analog transmission medium such as telephone or radio. A modem transmits data by Modulation#Digital modulation methods, modulating one or more carrier wave signals to encode digital information, while the receiver Demodulation, demodulates the signal to recreate the original digital information. The goal is to produce a Signal (electronics), signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded reliably. Modems can be used with almost any means of transmitting analog signals, from light-emitting diodes to radio. Early modems were devices that used audible sounds suitable for transmission over traditional telephone systems and leased lines. These generally operated at 110 or 300 bits per second (bit/s), and the connection between devices was normally manual, using an attached telephone handset. By the 1970s, higher speeds of 1,200 and 2,400 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southbridge (computing)
The southbridge is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a personal computer (PC) motherboard, the other being the northbridge. The southbridge typically implements the slower capabilities of the motherboard in a northbridge/southbridge chipset computer architecture. In systems with Intel chipsets, the southbridge is named I/O Controller Hub (ICH), while AMD has named its southbridge Fusion Controller Hub (FCH) since the introduction of its Fusion AMD Accelerated Processing Unit (APU) while moving the functions of the Northbridge onto the CPU die, hence making it similar in function to the Platform hub controller. The southbridge can usually be distinguished from the northbridge by not being directly connected to the CPU. Rather, the northbridge ties the southbridge to the CPU. Through the use of controller integrated channel circuitry, the northbridge can directly link signals from the I/O units to the CPU for data control and access. Current status Due to the pus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communications And Networking Riser
Communications and networking riser (CNR) is a slot found on certain PC motherboards and used for specialized networking, audio, and telephony equipment. A motherboard manufacturer can choose to provide audio, networking, or modem functionality in any combination on a CNR card. CNR slots were once commonly found on Pentium III-class motherboards, but have since been phased out in favor of on-board or embedded components. Technology Physically, a CNR slot has two rows of 30 pins, with two possible pin configurations: Type A and Type B, each with different pin assignments. CNR Type A uses 8-pin PHY interface, while Type B uses 17-pin media-independent interface (''MII'') bus LAN interface. Both types carry USB and AC'97 signals. As with AMR, CNR had the cost savings potential for manufacturers by removing analog I/O components from the motherboard. This allowed the manufacturer to only certify with the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for the CNR card, and not the enti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sample Rate Conversion
Sample-rate conversion, sampling-frequency conversion or resampling is the process of changing the sampling rate or sampling frequency of a discrete signal to obtain a new discrete representation of the underlying continuous signal. Application areas include image scaling and audio/visual systems, where different sampling rates may be used for engineering, economic, or historical reasons. For example, Compact Disc Digital Audio and Digital Audio Tape systems use different sampling rates, and American television, European television, and movies all use different frame rates. Sample-rate conversion prevents changes in speed and pitch that would otherwise occur when transferring recorded material between such systems. More specific types of resampling include: ''upsampling'' or ''upscaling''; ''downsampling'', ''downscaling'', or ''decimation''; and ''interpolation''. The term multi-rate digital signal processing is sometimes used to refer to systems that incorporate sample-rate co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quad Flat Package
A quad flat package (QFP) is a surface-mounted integrated circuit package with "gull wing" leads extending from each of the four sides. Socketing such packages is rare and through-hole mounting is not possible. Versions ranging from 32 to 304 pins with a pitch ranging from 0.4 to 1.0 mm are common. Other special variants include low-profile QFP (LQFP) and thin QFP (TQFP). The QFP component package type became common in Europe and United States during the early nineties, even though it has been used in Japanese consumer electronics since the seventies. It is often mixed with hole mounted, and sometimes socketed, components on the same printed circuit board (PCB). A package related to QFP is plastic leaded chip carrier (PLCC) which is similar but has pins with larger pitch, 1.27 mm (or 1/20 inch), curved up underneath a thicker body to simplify socketing (soldering is also possible). It is commonly used for NOR flash memories and other programmable components. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Analog Devices
Analog Devices, Inc. (ADI), also known simply as Analog, is an American multinational semiconductor company specializing in data conversion, signal processing and power management technology, headquartered in Wilmington, Massachusetts. The company manufactures analog, mixed-signal and digital signal processing (DSP) integrated circuits (ICs) used in electronic equipment. These technologies are used to convert, condition and process real-world phenomena, such as light, sound, temperature, motion, and pressure into electrical signals. Analog Devices has approximately 100,000 customers in the following industries: communications, computer, instrumentation, military/aerospace, automotive, and consumer electronics applications.Bloomberg.ADI: Analog Devices Inc Summary" Retrieved January 30, 2011. History The company was founded by two MIT graduates, Ray Stata and Matthew Lorber in 1965. The same year, the company released its first product, the model 101 op amp,Richard Wilson, El ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AKM (Asahi Kasei Microsystems)
The AKM () is an assault rifle designed by Soviet small arms designer Mikhail Kalashnikov in 1959. It is the most ubiquitous rifle of the Kalashnikov rifles. It was developed as a replacement to the AK-47 introduced a decade prior. Introduced into service with the Soviet Army in 1959, the AKM is the most prevalent variant of the entire AK series of firearms and it has found widespread use with most member states of the former Warsaw Pact and its African and Asian allies as well as being widely exported and produced in many other countries. The production of these rifles was carried out at both the Tula Arms Plant and Izhmash. It was officially replaced in Soviet frontline service by the AK-74 in the late 1970s, but remains in use worldwide. The AKM maintains the AK-47's wood stock, but has simpler individual parts that are favorable for mass production. Like the AK-47, many variants of the AKM exist such as the AKMS, AKML, and AKMP. Design details The AKM is an assault rifle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
