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A5 Lattice
In five-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the 5-simplex honeycomb or hexateric honeycomb is a space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb or pentacomb). Each vertex is shared by 12 5-simplexes, 30 rectified 5-simplexes, and 20 birectified 5-simplexes. These facet types occur in proportions of 2:2:1 respectively in the whole honeycomb. A5 lattice This vertex arrangement is called the A5 lattice or 5-simplex lattice. The 30 vertices of the stericated 5-simplex vertex figure represent the 30 roots of the _5 Coxeter group. It is the 5-dimensional case of a simplectic honeycomb. The A lattice is the union of two A5 lattices: : ∪ The A is the union of three A5 lattices: : ∪ ∪ . The A lattice (also called A) is the union of six A5 lattices, and is the dual vertex arrangement to the omnitruncated 5-simplex honeycomb, and therefore the Voronoi cell of this lattice is an omnitruncated 5-simplex. : ∪ ∪ ∪ ∪ ∪ = dual of Related polytopes and honeycombs Projec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uniform 5-honeycomb
In six-dimensional geometry, a uniform 6-polytope is a six-dimensional uniform polytope. A uniform polypeton is vertex-transitive, and all facets are uniform 5-polytopes. The complete set of convex uniform 6-polytopes has not been determined, but most can be made as Wythoff constructions from a small set of symmetry groups. These construction operations are represented by the permutations of rings of the Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams. Each combination of at least one ring on every connected group of nodes in the diagram produces a uniform 6-polytope. The simplest uniform polypeta are regular polytopes: the 6-simplex , the 6-cube (hexeract) , and the 6-orthoplex (hexacross) . History of discovery * Regular polytopes: (convex faces) ** 1852: Ludwig Schläfli proved in his manuscript ''Theorie der vielfachen Kontinuität'' that there are exactly 3 regular polytopes in 5 or more dimensions. * Convex semiregular polytopes: (Various definitions before Coxeter's uniform category) ** 190 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-simplex T1
In geometry, a tetrahedron (plural: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertex corners. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the ordinary convex polyhedra and the only one that has fewer than 5 faces. The tetrahedron is the three-dimensional case of the more general concept of a Euclidean simplex, and may thus also be called a 3-simplex. The tetrahedron is one kind of pyramid, which is a polyhedron with a flat polygon base and triangular faces connecting the base to a common point. In the case of a tetrahedron the base is a triangle (any of the four faces can be considered the base), so a tetrahedron is also known as a "triangular pyramid". Like all convex polyhedra, a tetrahedron can be folded from a single sheet of paper. It has two such nets. For any tetrahedron there exists a sphere (called the circumsphere) on which all four vertices lie, and another spher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birectified 5-simplex
In five-dimensional geometry, a rectified 5-simplex is a convex uniform 5-polytope, being a Rectification (geometry), rectification of the regular 5-simplex. There are three unique degrees of rectifications, including the zeroth, the 5-simplex itself. Vertices of the ''rectified 5-simplex'' are located at the edge-centers of the ''5-simplex''. Vertices of the ''birectified 5-simplex'' are located in the triangular face centers of the ''5-simplex''. Rectified 5-simplex In Five-dimensional space, five-dimensional geometry, a rectified 5-simplex is a uniform 5-polytope with 15 vertex (geometry), vertices, 60 Edge (geometry), edges, 80 Triangle, triangular Face (geometry), faces, 45 Cell (geometry), cells (30 Tetrahedron, tetrahedral, and 15 Octahedron, octahedral), and 12 4-faces (6 5-cell and 6 rectified 5-cells). It is also called 03,1 for its branching Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, shown as . Emanuel Lodewijk Elte, E. L. Elte identified it in 1912 as a semiregular polytope, labeling i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rectified 5-simplex
In five-dimensional geometry, a rectified 5-simplex is a convex uniform 5-polytope, being a rectification of the regular 5-simplex. There are three unique degrees of rectifications, including the zeroth, the 5-simplex itself. Vertices of the ''rectified 5-simplex'' are located at the edge-centers of the ''5-simplex''. Vertices of the ''birectified 5-simplex'' are located in the triangular face centers of the ''5-simplex''. Rectified 5-simplex In five-dimensional geometry, a rectified 5-simplex is a uniform 5-polytope with 15 vertices, 60 edges, 80 triangular faces, 45 cells (30 tetrahedral, and 15 octahedral), and 12 4-faces (6 5-cell and 6 rectified 5-cells). It is also called 03,1 for its branching Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, shown as . E. L. Elte identified it in 1912 as a semiregular polytope, labeling it as S. Alternate names * Rectified hexateron (Acronym: rix) (Jonathan Bowers) Coordinates The vertices of the rectified 5-simplex can be more simply positioned on a hyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-simplex
In five-dimensional geometry, a 5-simplex is a self-dual regular 5-polytope. It has six vertices, 15 edges, 20 triangle faces, 15 tetrahedral cells, and 6 5-cell facets. It has a dihedral angle of cos−1(), or approximately 78.46°. The 5-simplex is a solution to the problem: ''Make 20 equilateral triangles using 15 matchsticks, where each side of every triangle is exactly one matchstick.'' Alternate names It can also be called a hexateron, or hexa-5-tope, as a 6- facetted polytope in 5-dimensions. The name ''hexateron'' is derived from ''hexa-'' for having six facets and '' teron'' (with ''ter-'' being a corruption of ''tetra-'') for having four-dimensional facets. By Jonathan Bowers, a hexateron is given the acronym hix. As a configuration This configuration matrix represents the 5-simplex. The rows and columns correspond to vertices, edges, faces, cells and 4-faces. The diagonal numbers say how many of each element occur in the whole 5-simplex. The nondiagonal numb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honeycomb (geometry)
In geometry, a honeycomb is a ''space filling'' or ''close packing'' of polyhedral or higher-dimensional ''cells'', so that there are no gaps. It is an example of the more general mathematical ''tiling'' or ''tessellation'' in any number of dimensions. Its dimension can be clarified as ''n''-honeycomb for a honeycomb of ''n''-dimensional space. Honeycombs are usually constructed in ordinary Euclidean ("flat") space. They may also be constructed in non-Euclidean spaces, such as hyperbolic honeycombs. Any finite uniform polytope can be projected to its circumsphere to form a uniform honeycomb in spherical space. Classification There are infinitely many honeycombs, which have only been partially classified. The more regular ones have attracted the most interest, while a rich and varied assortment of others continue to be discovered. The simplest honeycombs to build are formed from stacked layers or ''slabs'' of prisms based on some tessellations of the plane. In particula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tessellation
A tessellation or tiling is the covering of a surface, often a plane (mathematics), plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called ''tiles'', with no overlaps and no gaps. In mathematics, tessellation can be generalized to high-dimensional spaces, higher dimensions and a variety of geometries. A periodic tiling has a repeating pattern. Some special kinds include ''regular tilings'' with regular polygonal tiles all of the same shape, and ''semiregular tilings'' with regular tiles of more than one shape and with every corner identically arranged. The patterns formed by periodic tilings can be categorized into 17 wallpaper groups. A tiling that lacks a repeating pattern is called "non-periodic". An ''aperiodic tiling'' uses a small set of tile shapes that cannot form a repeating pattern. A ''tessellation of space'', also known as a space filling or honeycomb, can be defined in the geometry of higher dimensions. A real physical tessellation is a tiling made of materials such a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euclidean Geometry
Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to ancient Greek mathematics, Greek mathematician Euclid, which he described in his textbook on geometry: the ''Euclid's Elements, Elements''. Euclid's approach consists in assuming a small set of intuitively appealing axioms (postulates) and deducing many other propositions (theorems) from these. Although many of Euclid's results had been stated earlier,. Euclid was the first to organize these propositions into a logic, logical system in which each result is ''mathematical proof, proved'' from axioms and previously proved theorems. The ''Elements'' begins with plane geometry, still taught in secondary school (high school) as the first axiomatic system and the first examples of mathematical proofs. It goes on to the solid geometry of three dimensions. Much of the ''Elements'' states results of what are now called algebra and number theory, explained in geometrical language. For more than two thousand years, the adjective " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Five-dimensional Space
A five-dimensional space is a space with five dimensions. In mathematics, a sequence of ''N'' numbers can represent a location in an ''N''-dimensional space. If interpreted physically, that is one more than the usual three spatial dimensions and the fourth dimension of time used in relativistic physics. Whether or not the universe is five-dimensional is a topic of debate. Physics Much of the early work on five-dimensional space was in an attempt to develop a theory that unifies the four fundamental interactions in nature: strong and weak nuclear forces, gravity and electromagnetism. German mathematician Theodor Kaluza and Swedish physicist Oskar Klein independently developed the Kaluza–Klein theory in 1921, which used the fifth dimension to unify gravity with electromagnetic force. Although their approaches were later found to be at least partially inaccurate, the concept provided a basis for further research over the past century. To explain why this dimension would no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertex-transitive
In geometry, a polytope (e.g. a polygon or polyhedron) or a tiling is isogonal or vertex-transitive if all its vertices are equivalent under the symmetries of the figure. This implies that each vertex is surrounded by the same kinds of face in the same or reverse order, and with the same angles between corresponding faces. Technically, one says that for any two vertices there exists a symmetry of the polytope mapping the first isometrically onto the second. Other ways of saying this are that the group of automorphisms of the polytope '' acts transitively'' on its vertices, or that the vertices lie within a single '' symmetry orbit''. All vertices of a finite -dimensional isogonal figure exist on an -sphere. The term isogonal has long been used for polyhedra. Vertex-transitive is a synonym borrowed from modern ideas such as symmetry groups and graph theory. The pseudorhombicuboctahedronwhich is ''not'' isogonaldemonstrates that simply asserting that "all vertices look the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coxeter Group
In mathematics, a Coxeter group, named after H. S. M. Coxeter, is an abstract group that admits a formal description in terms of reflections (or kaleidoscopic mirrors). Indeed, the finite Coxeter groups are precisely the finite Euclidean reflection groups; the symmetry groups of regular polyhedra are an example. However, not all Coxeter groups are finite, and not all can be described in terms of symmetries and Euclidean reflections. Coxeter groups were introduced in 1934 as abstractions of reflection groups , and finite Coxeter groups were classified in 1935 . Coxeter groups find applications in many areas of mathematics. Examples of finite Coxeter groups include the symmetry groups of regular polytopes, and the Weyl groups of simple Lie algebras. Examples of infinite Coxeter groups include the triangle groups corresponding to regular tessellations of the Euclidean plane and the hyperbolic plane, and the Weyl groups of infinite-dimensional Kac–Moody algebras. Standard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-simplex T04
In five-dimensional geometry, a 5-simplex is a self-dual regular 5-polytope. It has six vertices, 15 edges, 20 triangle faces, 15 tetrahedral cells, and 6 5-cell facets. It has a dihedral angle of cos−1(), or approximately 78.46°. The 5-simplex is a solution to the problem: ''Make 20 equilateral triangles using 15 matchsticks, where each side of every triangle is exactly one matchstick.'' Alternate names It can also be called a hexateron, or hexa-5-tope, as a 6- facetted polytope in 5-dimensions. The name ''hexateron'' is derived from ''hexa-'' for having six facets and '' teron'' (with ''ter-'' being a corruption of ''tetra-'') for having four-dimensional facets. By Jonathan Bowers, a hexateron is given the acronym hix. As a configuration This configuration matrix represents the 5-simplex. The rows and columns correspond to vertices, edges, faces, cells and 4-faces. The diagonal numbers say how many of each element occur in the whole 5-simplex. The nondiagonal nu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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