A386
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A386
A86 is an assembler for MS-DOS which generates code for the Intel x86 family of microprocessors. Written by Eric Isaacson, it was first made available as shareware in June 1986. The assembler is contained in one 32K executable and can directly produce a COM file or an object file for use with a standard linker. It comes with a debugger, D86. While supporting expected x86 syntax, A86 allows simpler shorthand in some cases and does not require directives, such as ASSUME, SEGMENT, and PROC, which Microsoft Macro Assembler and other contemporaries rely on. Speed of assembly is a primary selling point. Isaacson claimed that A86 could assemble 100,000 lines of source per second on a Pentium II or better. A86 and D86 target 16-bit x86 platforms. Isaacson added 32-bit support in the mid 1990s in the form of A386 and D386. These were not distributed as shareware, but were provided to users who registered A86. The A86 family of products was never ported to Microsoft Windows, but it i ...
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MS-DOS
MS-DOS ( ; acronym for Microsoft Disk Operating System, also known as Microsoft DOS) is an operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft. Collectively, MS-DOS, its rebranding as IBM PC DOS, and a few operating systems attempting to be compatible with MS-DOS, are sometimes referred to as "DOS" (which is also the generic acronym for disk operating system). MS-DOS was the main operating system for IBM PC compatibles during the 1980s, from which point it was gradually superseded by operating systems offering a graphical user interface (GUI), in various generations of the graphical Microsoft Windows operating system. IBM licensed and re-released it in 1981 as PC DOS 1.0 for use in its PCs. Although MS-DOS and PC DOS were initially developed in parallel by Microsoft and IBM, the two products diverged after twelve years, in 1993, with recognizable differences in compatibility, syntax, and capabilities. Beginning in 1988 with DR-DO ...
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Microsoft Macro Assembler
The Microsoft Macro Assembler (MASM) is an x86 assembler that uses the Intel syntax for MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows. Beginning with MASM 8.0, there are two versions of the assembler: One for 16-bit & 32-bit assembly sources, and another (ML64) for 64-bit sources only. MASM is maintained by Microsoft, but since version 6.12 it has not been sold as a separate product. It is instead supplied with various Microsoft SDKs and C compilers. Recent versions of MASM are included with Microsoft Visual Studio. History The earliest versions of MASM date back to 1981. The IBM PC Macro Assembler was released in December 1981. They were sold either as the generic "Microsoft Macro Assembler" for all x86 machines or as the OEM version specifically for IBM PCs. By Version 4.0, the IBM release was dropped. Up to Version 3.0, MASM was also bundled with a smaller companion assembler, ASM.EXE. This was intended for PCs with only 64k of memory and lacked some features of the full MASM, such as the abi ...
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DOS Software
DOS is shorthand for the MS-DOS and IBM PC DOS family of operating systems. DOS may also refer to: Computing * Data over signalling (DoS), multiplexing data onto a signalling channel * Denial-of-service attack (DoS), an attack on a communications network * Disk operating system ** List of disk operating systems, Apple DOS, Atari DOS, DOS/360, etc. * Distributed operating system Music Albums * ''Dos'' (Altered State album) * ''Dos'' (Dos album) * ''Dos'' (Fanny Lú album) * ''Dos'' (Gerardo album) * ''Dos'' (Malo album), 1972 * ''Dos'' (Myriam Hernández album), 1989 * ''Dos'', album by Wooden Shjips, 2009 * ''¡Dos!'', album by Green Day Other uses in music * Dos (band), an American band * DOS (concert), by Filipino singer Daniel Padilla Organisations * Democratic Opposition of Serbia, a former political alliance * Department of Space, India * Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund * Directorate of Overseas Surveys, UK 1957–1984 *Dominus Obsequious Sororium, within cult NXIV ...
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Debuggers
A debugger or debugging tool is a computer program used to test and debug other programs (the "target" program). The main use of a debugger is to run the target program under controlled conditions that permit the programmer to track its execution and monitor changes in computer resources that may indicate malfunctioning code. Typical debugging facilities include the ability to run or halt the target program at specific points, display the contents of memory, CPU registers or storage devices (such as disk drives), and modify memory or register contents in order to enter selected test data that might be a cause of faulty program execution. The code to be examined might alternatively be running on an ''instruction set simulator'' (ISS), a technique that allows great power in its ability to halt when specific conditions are encountered, but which will typically be somewhat slower than executing the code directly on the appropriate (or the same) processor. Some debuggers offer two m ...
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Assemblers
Assembler may refer to: Arts and media * Nobukazu Takemura, avant-garde electronic musician, stage name Assembler * Assemblers, a fictional race in the ''Star Wars'' universe * Assemblers, an alternative name of the superhero group Champions of Angor Biology *Assembler (bioinformatics), a program to perform genome assembly *Assembler (nanotechnology), a conjectured construction machine that would manipulate and build with individual atoms or molecules Computing *Assembler (computing), a computer program which translates assembly language to machine language **Assembly language, a more readable interpretation of a processor's machine code, allowing easier understanding and programming by humans, sometimes erroneously referenced as 'assembler' after the program which translates it Other uses * a worker on an assembly line See also * Assemble (other) * Assembly (other) * Constructor (other) Constructor may refer to: Science and technology * Constru ...
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Springer Science+Business Media
Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing. Originally founded in 1842 in Berlin, it expanded internationally in the 1960s, and through mergers in the 1990s and a sale to venture capitalists it fused with Wolters Kluwer and eventually became part of Springer Nature in 2015. Springer has major offices in Berlin, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, and New York City. History Julius Springer founded Springer-Verlag in Berlin in 1842 and his son Ferdinand Springer grew it from a small firm of 4 employees into Germany's then second largest academic publisher with 65 staff in 1872.Chronology
". Springer Science+Business Media.
In 1964, Springer expanded its business internationally, o ...
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