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A2 Motorway (Bulgaria)
The Hemus motorway (, ) or Haemus motorway, designated A2, is a partially built motorway in Bulgaria. Its planned length is 418 km, of which 191 km are in operation . The motorway in operation is divided into two sections — the first one links the capital Sofia with Boaza near Yablanitsa, crossing Stara planina (Balkan mountains), and the second segment connects Varna and Buhovtsi near Targovishte. According to the plans, Hemus motorway would connect Sofia with the third-largest city of Varna, at the Black Sea coast, duplicating European route E70 (Varna–Shumen), European route E772 (Shumen–Yablanitsa) and European route E83 (Yablanitsa–Sofia). History October 4, 1974 The construction of the motorway officially began. The groundbreaking ceremony was attended by the First Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP), Todor Zhivkov. 1999 The Pravets–Yablanitsa section of the Hemus motorway was officially opened on 5 December 1999. Due to the mount ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sofia
Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. It has a humid continental climate. Being in the centre of the Balkans, it is midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea, and closest to the Aegean Sea. Known as Serdica in Antiquity and Sredets in the Middle Ages, Sofia has been an area of human habitation since at least 7000 BC. The recorded history of the city begins with the attestation of the conquest of Serdica by the Roman Republic in 29 BC from the Celtic tribe Serdi. During the decline of the Roman Empire, the city was raided by Huns, Visigoths, Avars and Slavs. In 809, Serdica was incorporated into the Bulgarian Empire by Khan Krum and became known as Sredets. In 1018, the Byzantines ended Bulgarian rule ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Groundbreaking
Groundbreaking, also known as cutting, sod-cutting, turning the first sod, or a sod-turning ceremony, is a traditional ceremony in many cultures that celebrates the first day of construction for a building or other project. Such ceremonies are often attended by dignitaries such as politicians and businesspeople. The actual shovel used during the groundbreaking is often a special ceremonial shovel, sometimes colored gold, meant to be saved for subsequent display and may be engraved. In other groundbreaking ceremonies, a bulldozer is used instead of a shovel to mark the first day of construction. In some groundbreaking ceremonies, the shovel and the bulldozer mark the first day of construction. Meaning When used as an adjective, the term groundbreaking may mean being or making something that has never been done, seen, or made before; "stylistically innovative works". History Groundbreaking ceremonies have been celebrated for centuries in an attempt to begin the construction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Company "Strategic Infrastructure Projects"
The National Company Strategic Infrastructure Projects (NCSIP) was a parallel road agency in Bulgaria during the 2011 - 2016 period. NCSIP was created with the amendments in the Bulgarian Roads Act in 2011. The company was a state enterprise subordinate to the Minister of Regional Development and Public Works. NCSIP became a beneficiary under OP Transport with the decisions of the Monitoring Committee from December 2011. In accordance with the Roads Act, NCSIP was responsible for the preparation and implementation of tender procedure for construction of Struma motorway, Hemus motorway and Cherno More motorway The Cherno More motorway or the Black Sea motorway (, ) is a Bulgarian motorway planned to link the major coastal cities of Varna and Burgas, passing along the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. It is part of the Pan-European Corridor VIII and is estimat .... In April 2016, NCSIP was closed, with its assets being merged into the Road Infrastructure Agency. References {{DEFAULTSO ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vit (river)
The Vit also Vid ( bg, Вит; la, Utus) is a river in central northern Bulgaria with a length of 188 km. It is a tributary of Danube. The source of the Vit is in Stara Planina, below Vezhen Peak at an altitude of 2,030 m, and it empties into the Danube close to Somovit. The river has a watershed area of 3,228 km2, its main tributaries being Kamenska reka, Kalnik and Tuchenitsa. Towns on or close to the river include Teteven, Pleven, Dolni Dabnik, Dolna Mitropoliya and Gulyantsi. At Teteven, the river is formed by the confluence of Beli Vit () and Cherni Vit (). The river's name comes from Thracian *''ūt'', a word for "water" (cf. Greek ὕδωρ, ''hudōr''). Vit Ice Piedmont in Antarctica Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest contine ... is named after the river. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
I-4 Road (Bulgaria)
Republic road I-4 () is a major road in Northern Bulgaria. It runs between I-3 road (Bulgaria), I-3 road, at from Yablanitsa, and I-2 road (Bulgaria), I-2 road, at the city of Shumen. The total length of the road is and it follows the route of European route E772, E772. I-4 road is planned to be superseded by Hemus motorway (A2). References External linksRoad network of Bulgaria ''RIA'' Roads in Bulgaria {{Bulgaria-road-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
I-2 Road (Bulgaria)
Republic road I-2 () is a major road in Northeastern Bulgaria. It runs between Danube Bridge, at the Danube border with Romania, and Varna, Bulgaria, Varna, at the Black Sea coast. It is long. In half of its length, between Shumen and Varna, it is superseded by Hemus motorway (A2). Description Road I-2 begins from Danube Bridge, at the Danube border with Romania. The road bypasses Ruse, Bulgaria, Ruse, the List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, fifth largest city in Bulgaria, and then runs southeast. It crosses the small town of Tsar Kaloyan, Razgrad Province, Tsar Kaloyan, bypasses Razgrad and continues towards Shumen, the 10th largest city in Bulgaria. In 2012, road I-2 between Ruse and Shumen was expanded up to 3-lane single carriageway. At the Belokopitovo interchange, road I-2 links with the Hemus motorway (A2). The connection was officially inaugurated on August 3, 2015. Between Shumen and the Black Sea coast at Varna, Bulgaria, Varna, the second largest city in Bulgaria, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sofia Ring Road
The Sofia ring road ( bg, Софийски околовръстен път, ''Sofíyski okolovrásten pat''), also called in Bulgarian Okolovrástnoto shosé (''Околовръстното шосе'', The ring chaussée), often shortened to just Okolovrástnoto (''Околовръстното'', literally The ring haussée is an important thoroughfare surrounding Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. The ring road is around 60 km long and has recently been upgraded on several sections, with plans to further improve it on the remaining sections. __NOTOC__ Sections The Sofia ring road is divided into four sections (arcs), at south, north, west and east. A major part of southern arc has been significantly upgraded in several stages between 2007 and 2012, providing now a conflict-free connection between the Boyana and the Mladost IV junctions. The next planned upgrade on the southern section will be between the Buxton district and the Lyulin motorway ''(A6)'', which may begin af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgarian Lev
The lev ( bg, лев, plural: / , ; ISO 4217 code: BGN; numeric code: 975) is the currency of Bulgaria. In old Bulgarian the word "lev" meant "lion", the word 'lion' in the modern language is ''lаv'' (; in Bulgarian: ). The lev is divided in 100 ''stotinki'' (, singular: , ). Stotinka in Bulgarian means "a hundredth" and in fact is a translation of the French term "centime". Grammatically the word "stotinka" comes from the word "sto" (сто) - a hundred. Since 1997, the lev has been in a currency board arrangement with initially the Deutsche Mark at a fixed rate of BGL 1000 to DEM 1. After the introduction of the euro and the redenomination of the lev in 1999, this has resulted in a fixed rate to the euro of BGN 1.95583 : EUR 1. Since 2020, the lev has been a part of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II). The lev is scheduled to be supplanted by the euro on 1 January 2024. Etymology The currency's name comes from the archaic Bulgarian word "lev," which meant "lionhtt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaspichan
Kaspichan ( bg, Каспичан, ) is a town in central northeastern Bulgaria, part of Shumen Province. It is located in the eastern Danubian Plain, some from the major Black Sea port Varna and around from the key Danube ports of Ruse and Silistra. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 3,260 inhabitants.Bulgarian National Statistical Institute - Bulgarian towns in 2009 Kaspichan is an important railway junction linking with and [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunnel
A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through surrounding soil, earth or rock, and enclosed except for the entrance and exit, commonly at each end. A pipeline is not a tunnel, though some recent tunnels have used immersed tube construction techniques rather than traditional tunnel boring methods. A tunnel may be for foot or vehicular road traffic, for rail traffic, or for a canal. The central portions of a rapid transit network are usually in the tunnel. Some tunnels are used as sewers or aqueducts to supply water for consumption or for hydroelectric stations. Utility tunnels are used for routing steam, chilled water, electrical power or telecommunication cables, as well as connecting buildings for convenient passage of people and equipment. Secret tunnels are built for military purposes, or by civilians for smuggling of weapons, contraband, or people. Special tunnels, such as wildlife crossings, are built to allow wildlife to cross human-made barriers safely. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viaduct
A viaduct is a specific type of bridge that consists of a series of arches, piers or columns supporting a long elevated railway or road. Typically a viaduct connects two points of roughly equal elevation, allowing direct overpass across a wide valley, road, river, or other low-lying terrain features and obstacles. The term ''viaduct'' is derived from the Latin ''via'' meaning "road", and ''ducere'' meaning "to lead". It is a 19th-century derivation from an analogy with ancient Roman aqueducts. Like the Roman aqueducts, many early viaducts comprised a series of arches of roughly equal length. Over land The longest in antiquity may have been the Pont Serme which crossed wide marshes in southern France. At its longest point, it measured 2,679 meters with a width of 22 meters. Viaducts are commonly used in many cities that are railroad hubs, such as Chicago, Birmingham, London and Manchester. These viaducts cross the large railroad yards that are needed for freight trains there, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balkan Mountains
The Balkan mountain range (, , known locally also as Stara planina) is a mountain range in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeastern Europe. The range is conventionally taken to begin at the peak of Vrashka Chuka on the border between Bulgaria and Serbia. It then runs for about , first in a south-easterly direction along the border, then eastward across Bulgaria, forming a natural barrier between the northern and southern halves of the country, before finally reaching the Black Sea at Cape Emine. The mountains reach their highest point with Botev Peak at . In much of the central and eastern sections, the summit forms the watershed between the drainage basins of the Black Sea and the Aegean. A prominent gap in the mountains is formed by the sometimes narrow Iskar Gorge, a few miles north of the Bulgarian capital, Sofia. The karst relief determines the large number of caves, including Magura, featuring the most important and extended European post-Palaeolithic cave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
