A. T. Hill
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A. T. Hill
Asa Thomas Hill (November 29, 1871 – March 21, 1953) was an American businessman and archaeologist. His work on sites in and around Nebraska, with such collaborators as William Duncan Strong and Waldo Wedel, was instrumental in the development of Great Plains archaeology. Early life and career Hill was born in 1871 in Cisne, Illinois, the oldest of six children of David D. Hill and Angenora Leak Hill. In about 1875, the family moved to Logan in Phillips County, Kansas. After a brief return to Illinois, they settled permanently on a homestead in Phillips County in 1878. Hill grew up in a sod house. As a child, he was hidden in a straw stack by his mother during the Northern Cheyenne Exodus. On the frontier, schools and teachers were few, and the responsibilities of an oldest son on a dryland farm were many; Hill's formal education ended in the fourth grade. At the age of 18, Hill left home to ride the rails throughout the western United States. As he travelled, ...
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Cisne, Illinois
} Cisne is a village in Wayne County, Illinois, United States. The population was 672 at the 2010 census. History Cisne was named in 1870 in honor of Levi Cisne on the suggestion of Charles A. Beecher, who was influential in building the railroad and the station around which the village of Cisne grew.Source: The Story of Cisne by L.S. Harrington; and The House of Cisne, by J. C. Lappin, Wayne County Historical Society Scrapbook, Wayne County Press, Fairfield Illinois, October 3, 1955. Geography According to the 2010 census, Cisne has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 673 people, 291 households, and 185 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 325 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 98.81% White, 0.30% African American, 0.30% Asian, and 0.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59% of the population. There were 291 households, ou ...
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Republican River
The Republican River is a river in the central Great Plains of North America, rising in the High Plains (United States), High Plains of eastern Colorado and flowing east U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map accessed March 25, 2011 through the U.S. states of Nebraska and Kansas. Geography The Republican River is formed by the confluence of the North Fork Republican River and the Arikaree River just north of Haigler, Nebraska, Haigler in Dundy County, Nebraska. It joins with the South Fork Republican River immediately southeast of Benkelman, Nebraska. All three tributaries originate in the High Plains (United States), High Plains of northeastern Colorado. From the confluence, the river flows generally eastward along the southern border of Nebraska, passing through Trenton Dam, Swanson Reservoir and Harlan County Reservoir before curving southward into the Smoky Hills region of Kansas. The Republican River joins the Smoky H ...
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Dismal River Culture
The Dismal River culture refers to a set of cultural attributes first seen in the Dismal River area of Nebraska in the 1930s by archaeologists William Duncan Strong, Waldo Rudolph Wedel and A. T. Hill. Also known as Dismal River aspect and Dismal River complex, dated between 1650-1750 A.D., is different from other prehistoric Central Plains and Woodland traditions of the western Plains. The Dismal River people are believed to have spoken an Athabascan language and to have been part of the people later known to Europeans as Apaches.Gibbon, Guy E.; Ames, Kenneth M. (1998''Archaeology of Prehistoric Native America: An Encyclopedia''.p. 212. .Gibbon, Guy E.; Ames, Kenneth M. (1998''Archaeology of Prehistoric Native America: An Encyclopedia''.pp. 213, 768. . Western Plains Dismal River culture sites have been found in Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado and South Dakota. 18 sites were located in Hayes, Hooker, Cherry, Thomas and Lincoln counties in the Sand Hills of Nebraska. Notab ...
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Woodland Period
In the classification of :category:Archaeological cultures of North America, archaeological cultures of North America, the Woodland period of North American pre-Columbian cultures spanned a period from roughly 1000 Common Era, BCE to European contact in the eastern part of North America, with some archaeologists distinguishing the Mississippian period, from 1000 CE to European contact as a separate period. The term "Woodland Period" was introduced in the 1930s as a generic term for prehistoric, prehistoric sites falling between the Archaic period in the Americas, Archaic hunter-gatherers and the agriculturalist Mississippian cultures. The Eastern Woodlands cultural region covers what is now eastern Canada south of the Subarctic region, the Eastern United States, along to the Gulf of Mexico. This period is variously considered a developmental stage, a time period, a suite of technological adaptations or "traits", and a "family tree" of cultures related to earlier Archaic cultures. ...
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Master's Degree
A master's degree (from Latin ) is an academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice.
A master's degree normally requires previous study at the bachelor's degree, bachelor's level, either as a separate degree or as part of an integrated course. Within the area studied, master's graduates are expected to possess advanced knowledge of a specialized body of and applied topics; high order skills in

Direct Historical Approach
The direct historical approach to archaeology was a methodology developed in the United States of America during the 1920s-1930s by William Duncan Strong and others, which argued that knowledge relating to historical periods is extended back into earlier times. This methodology involves taking an archaeological site that has historical accounts relating to recent periods of occupation and then excavating it to establish continuity back into prehistoric times. The historical data then becomes the basis of analogy and homology for the study of the prehistoric communities at both the particular site and other sites in the region. The main issue with the approach is that in many parts of the world there is no direct continuity between historically documented communities and the prehistoric occupants of the region. Background In the nineteenth century, the archaeological record of the Americas was viewed as an extension into the past of the ethnographically documented record. Human behav ...
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University Of Nebraska–Lincoln
The University of Nebraska–Lincoln (Nebraska, NU, or UNL) is a public land-grant research university in Lincoln, Nebraska. Chartered in 1869 by the Nebraska Legislature as part of the Morrill Act of 1862, the school was known as the University of Nebraska until 1968, when it absorbed the Municipal University of Omaha to form the University of Nebraska system. It is the state's oldest university and the flagship institution of the state-wide system. The university has been governed by the Board of Regents since 1871, whose members are elected by district to six-year terms. The university is organized into nine colleges: Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Architecture, Arts and Sciences, Business, Education and Human Sciences, Engineering, Fine and Performing Arts, Journalism and Mass Communications, and Law. NU offers over two hundred degrees across its undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs. The school also offers programs through the University of Nebr ...
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Native Americans In The United States
Native Americans, also known as American Indians, First Americans, Indigenous Americans, and other terms, are the Indigenous peoples of the mainland United States ( Indigenous peoples of Hawaii, Alaska and territories of the United States are generally known by other terms). There are 574 federally recognized tribes living within the US, about half of which are associated with Indian reservations. As defined by the United States Census, "Native Americans" are Indigenous tribes that are originally from the contiguous United States, along with Alaska Natives. Indigenous peoples of the United States who are not listed as American Indian or Alaska Native include Native Hawaiians, Samoan Americans, and the Chamorro people. The US Census groups these peoples as " Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders". European colonization of the Americas, which began in 1492, resulted in a precipitous decline in Native American population because of new diseases, wars, ethni ...
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Webster County, Nebraska
Webster County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 3,411. Its county seat is Red Cloud. The county was formed in 1871, and was named for Daniel Webster. In the Nebraska license plate system, Webster County is represented by the prefix 45 (it had the forty-fifth-largest number of vehicles registered in the county when the license plate system was established in 1922). Geography Webster County lies along the south line of Nebraska. Its south boundary line abuts the north boundary line of the state of Kansas. The terrain of Webster County consists of low rolling hills, sloping to the east. The more planar areas of the county are used for agriculture, mostly under center pivot irrigation. The Republican River flows eastward across the lower part of the county. The county has an area of , of which is land and (0.02%) is water. Major highways * U.S. Highway 136 * U.S. Highway 281 * Nebraska Highway 4 * ...
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Guide Rock, Nebraska
Guide Rock is a village in Webster County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 225 at the 2010 census. History The first settlement at Guide Rock was made in 1870. Guide Rock was platted in 1873. The town was named after Guide Rock, a hill on the opposite bank of the Republican River. 1925 editionis available for download aUniversity of Nebraska—Lincoln Digital Commons./ref> A historical marker near the village marks the former site of a large Pawnee village. Geography Guide Rock is located at (40.073032, -98.330931). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 225 people, 109 households, and 64 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 150 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 96.0% White, 1.3% Native American, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. ...
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Hastings, Nebraska
Hastings is a List of cities in Nebraska, city and the county seat of Adams County, Nebraska, Adams County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 25,152 at the 2020 United States Census, 2020 census. It is known as the town where Kool-Aid was invented by Edwin Perkins (inventor), Edwin Perkins in 1927, and celebrates that event with the Kool-Aid Days festival every August. Hastings is also known for #Fisher Fountain, Fisher Fountain, and during World War II operated the largest Naval Ammunition Depot in the United States. History Hastings was founded in 1872 at the intersection of the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad and the St. Joseph and Denver City Railroad. It was named for Colonel D. T. Hastings of the St. Joseph and Grand Island Railroad, who was instrumental in building the railroad through Adams County. The area was previously open plain: the Donner party passed through on its way to California in 1846 and a pioneer cemetery marker in Hastings bears an inscrip ...
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Fairbury, Nebraska
Fairbury is a city and county seat of Jefferson County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 3,942 at the 2010 census. Fairbury has been closely connected with railroading for much of its history. It was founded on the projected route of a railway, and grew as a shipping center. For nearly 80 years, it was the location of the Western Division headquarters of the Rock Island Railroad. Fairbury prospered with the Rock Island, and lost business and residents as the railroad declined. History 19th century In 1868, James B. Mattingly, a freighter originally from Kentucky, established a sawmill on the banks of the Little Blue River. Shortly thereafter, Woodford G. McDowell, a capitalist from Fairbury, Illinois, came to Nebraska to plat a town along the route of the St. Joseph and Denver City Railroad, which was to follow the Little Blue. In 1869, Mattingly and McDowell each contributed for a new townsite, which they named after McDowell's hometown. The new town grew rapidly ...
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