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89th Mixed Brigade
The 89th Mixed Brigade was one of the Mixed Brigades created by the Spanish Republican Army for the defense of the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War. It was present on the Andalusia Front. History At the end of March 1937, the 89th mixed brigade was formed on the Córdoba Front. It was composed of: the 1st and 2nd battalions - from the old Maroto Column - and the 3rd and 4th battalions - which came from the «Cultural Militias of Jaén» column. José Villagrán Ganzinotto was appointed as commander of the brigade, which was soon placed in the 20th Division of 9th Army Corps which had its headquarters in Andújar. Carlos Engel (1999); '' History of the Mixed Brigades of the People's Army of the Republic '', p.117 During the war, the Chiefs of Staff were the militia captains Ostalet and Manuel Marín Guerrero, while the political commissar was Alfonso Fernández Torres, from the CNT. In February 1939, José María Aguirre Lobo held command of the brig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March 1937
The following events occurred in March 1937: March 1, 1937 (Monday) *Former Prime Minister Kyösti Kallio was sworn into office as the fourth President of Finland after being selected by a vote of Finland's 300-member Electoral College on February 15. *The Camp of National Unity political party (OZN or ''Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego'') was founded in Poland. *The government of Manchukuo, the Japanese-occupied puppet state formed from the three northeastern provinces of the Republic of China, passed a law on royal succession making Puyi's brother Pujie the next in line for the throne. Puyi, the last Emperor of China, had been married for 14 years but had no children. *The French steamer ''Marie-Thérèse le Borgne'' hit a naval mine in the same area where the British ship ''Llandovery Castle'' was damaged a week previously. The ship was able to make port at Palamós. *Born: **Eugen Doga, Moldovan composer; in Mocra, Moldavian ASSR, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union **Jimmy Little, A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maroto Column
The Maroto column was a militia column that operated at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. History The column was founded in Alicante, in the summer of 1936, by the Granadin anarchist leader Francisco Maroto del Ojo. At first it was made up of 270 anarchist militiamen. After being formed, on August 6 the column left Alicante and headed for the Granada front; they managed to reach the town of Guadix, where they established their headquarters. In this area they managed to recruit more volunteers, until the column reached a thousand troops. Their military actions, however, were null. The Maroto column took part in the attack against the nationalist position at Güéjar Sierra, but it was never in a position to retake the city of Granada Granada (,, DIN 31635, DIN: ; grc, Ἐλιβύργη, Elibýrgē; la, Illiberis or . ) is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Units And Formations Established In 1937
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's military may f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mixed Brigade
Mixed brigade ( es, brigada mixta) was a basic tactical military unit of the Republican army during the Spanish Civil War. It was initially designed as “pocket division”, an innovative maneuverable combined-arms formation. Because of high saturation with specialized troops and services it would have resembled a division, but in terms of manpower it would have been much smaller and amount to some 3,700 men. Shortages of career officers and NCOs plus inability to provide arms and equipment needed rendered the original mixed brigade pattern unworkable. The Republican general staff kept redrafting the scheme with decreasing proportion of non-infantry sub-units, though even these arrangements proved impossible to implement. Most of 188 mixed brigades raised during the war were closer to the infantry regiment blueprint. Assumptions about nature of the warfare which gave rise to the mixed brigade concept were largely correct. However, the Republic could not have afforded such high ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
February 1939
The following events occurred in February 1939: February 1, 1939 (Wednesday) *The Nationalists pushed into the province of Girona while taking the Catalan cities of Tordera and Vic. *The Soviet Union closed its embassy in Budapest due to Hungary's agreement to join the Anti-Comintern Pact. *Born: Paul Gillmor, politician, in Tiffin, Ohio (d. 2007); Ekaterina Maximova, ballerina, in Moscow, USSR (d. 2009); Joe Sample, jazz pianist, in Houston, Texas (d. 2014) February 2, 1939 (Thursday) *The Republicans formally asked Britain and France to help negotiate a ceasefire. *Generalissimo Francisco Franco's foreign minister Francisco Gómez-Jordana Sousa promised that they would pardon Republican soldiers who surrendered. *Japanese submarine ''I-63'' sank in Bungo Channel after a collision with another submarine during maneuvers. Six of the crew were standing on the bridge at the time of the collision and were able to swim to safety; the other 81 perished. *Died: Amanda McKittrick Ros, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Confederation Of Labor
National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, census-designated place * National, Nevada, ghost town * National, Utah, ghost town * National, West Virginia, unincorporated community Commerce * National (brand), a brand name of electronic goods from Panasonic * National Benzole (or simply known as National), former petrol station chain in the UK, merged with BP * National Car Rental, an American rental car company * National Energy Systems, a former name of Eco Marine Power * National Entertainment Commission, a former name of the Media Rating Council * National Motor Vehicle Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA 1900-1924 * National Supermarkets, a defunct American grocery store chain * National String Instrument Corporation, a guitar company formed to manufacture the first resonator g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfonso Fernández Torres
Alphons (Latinized ''Alphonsus'', ''Adelphonsus'', or ''Adefonsus'') is a male given name recorded from the 8th century (Alfonso I of Asturias, r. 739–757) in the Christian successor states of the Visigothic kingdom in the Iberian peninsula. In the later medieval period it became a standard name in the Hispanic and Portuguese royal families. It is derived from a Gothic name, or a conflation of several Gothic names; from ''*Aþalfuns'', composed of the elements ''aþal'' "noble" and ''funs'' "eager, brave, ready", and perhaps influenced by names such as ''*Alafuns'', ''*Adefuns'' and ''* Hildefuns''. It is recorded as ''Adefonsus'' in the 9th and 10th century, and as ''Adelfonsus'', ''Adelphonsus'' in the 10th to 11th. The reduced form ''Alfonso'' is recorded in the late 9th century, and the Portuguese form ''Afonso'' from the early 11th. and ''Anfós'' in Catalan from the 12th Century until the 15th. Variants of the name include: ''Alonso'' (Spanish), ''Alfonso'' (Spanis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andújar
Andújar () is a Spanish municipality of 38,539 people (2005) in the province of Jaén, in Andalusia. The municipality is divided by the Guadalquivir River. The northern part of the municipality is where the Natural Park of the Sierra de Andújar is situated. To the south are agricultural fields and countryside. The city proper located on the right bank of the Guadalquivir and the Madrid- Córdoba railway. In the past, Andújar was widely known for its porous earthenware jars, called ''alcarrazas'' or '' botijos'', which keep water cool in the hottest weather, and were manufactured from a whitish clay found in the neighbourhood. History Antiquity Paleolithic artifacts have been found in the area, associated with the Acheulean Culture, but it is during the Neolithic Age when the area became increasingly populated, with agriculture being developed in the fertile land, and mining activities beginning in the Sierra Morena. According to archaeological studies, the first pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
9th Army Corps (Spain)
9 (nine) is the natural number following and preceding . Evolution of the Arabic digit In the Brahmi numerals, beginning, various Indians wrote a digit 9 similar in shape to the modern closing question mark without the bottom dot. The Kshatrapa, Andhra and Gupta started curving the bottom vertical line coming up with a -look-alike. The Nagari continued the bottom stroke to make a circle and enclose the 3-look-alike, in much the same way that the sign @ encircles a lowercase ''a''. As time went on, the enclosing circle became bigger and its line continued beyond the circle downwards, as the 3-look-alike became smaller. Soon, all that was left of the 3-look-alike was a squiggle. The Arabs simply connected that squiggle to the downward stroke at the middle and subsequent European change was purely cosmetic. While the shape of the glyph for the digit 9 has an Ascender (typography), ascender in most modern typefaces, in typefaces with text figures the character usually has a desc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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