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853 (number)
800 (eight hundred) is the natural number following 799 and preceding 801. It is the sum of four consecutive primes (193 + 197 + 199 + 211). It is a Harshad number, an Achilles number and the area of a square with diagonal 40. Integers from 801 to 899 800s * 801 = 32 × 89, Harshad number, number of clubs patterns appearing in 50 × 50 coins * 802 = 2 × 401, sum of eight consecutive primes (83 + 89 + 97 + 101 + 103 + 107 + 109 + 113), nontotient, happy number, sum of 4 consecutive triangular numbers (171 + 190 + 210 + 231) * 803 = 11 × 73, sum of three consecutive primes (263 + 269 + 271), sum of nine consecutive primes (71 + 73 + 79 + 83 + 89 + 97 + 101 + 103 + 107), Harshad number, number of partitions of 34 into Fibonacci parts * 804 = 22 × 3 × 67, nontotient, Harshad number, ** "The 804" is a local nickname for the Greater Richmond Region of the U.S. state of Virginia, derived from its telephone area code (although the area code covers a larger area). * 805 = 5 à ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Number
In mathematics, the natural numbers are those numbers used for counting (as in "there are ''six'' coins on the table") and ordering (as in "this is the ''third'' largest city in the country"). Numbers used for counting are called ''Cardinal number, cardinal numbers'', and numbers used for ordering are called ''Ordinal number, ordinal numbers''. Natural numbers are sometimes used as labels, known as ''nominal numbers'', having none of the properties of numbers in a mathematical sense (e.g. sports Number (sports), jersey numbers). Some definitions, including the standard ISO/IEC 80000, ISO 80000-2, begin the natural numbers with , corresponding to the non-negative integers , whereas others start with , corresponding to the positive integers Texts that exclude zero from the natural numbers sometimes refer to the natural numbers together with zero as the whole numbers, while in other writings, that term is used instead for the integers (including negative integers). The natural ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smith Number
In number theory, a Smith number is a composite number for which, in a given number base, the sum of its digits is equal to the sum of the digits in its prime factorization in the given number base. In the case of numbers that are not square-free, the factorization is written without exponents, writing the repeated factor as many times as needed. Smith numbers were named by Albert Wilansky of Lehigh University, as he noticed the property in the phone number (493-7775) of his brother-in-law Harold Smith: : 4937775 = 31 52 658371 while : 4 + 9 + 3 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 5 = 3 · 1 + 5 · 2 + (6 + 5 + 8 + 3 + 7) · 1 = 42 in base 10.Sándor & Crstici (2004) p.383 Mathematical definition Let n be a natural number. For base b > 1, let the function F_(n) be the digit sum of n in base b. A natural number n has the integer factorisation : n = \prod_ p^ and is a Smith number if : F_b(n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucky Prime
In number theory, a lucky number is a natural number in a set which is generated by a certain "sieve". This sieve is similar to the Sieve of Eratosthenes that generates the primes, but it eliminates numbers based on their position in the remaining set, instead of their value (or position in the initial set of natural numbers). The term was introduced in 1956 in a paper by Gardiner, Lazarus, Metropolis and Ulam. They suggest also calling its defining sieve, "the sieve of Josephus Flavius" because of its similarity with the counting-out game in the Josephus problem. Lucky numbers share some properties with primes, such as asymptotic behaviour according to the prime number theorem; also, a version of Goldbach's conjecture has been extended to them. There are infinitely many lucky numbers. Twin lucky numbers and twin primes also appear to occur with similar frequency. However, if ''L''''n'' denotes the ''n''-th lucky number, and ''p''''n'' the ''n''-th prime, then ''L''''n'' > ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mian–Chowla Sequence
In mathematics, the Mian–Chowla sequence is an integer sequence defined recursion, recursively in the following way. The sequence starts with :a_1 = 1. Then for n>1, a_n is the smallest integer such that every pairwise sum :a_i + a_j is distinct, for all i and j less than or equal to n. Properties Initially, with a_1, there is only one pairwise sum, 1 + 1 = 2. The next term in the sequence, a_2, is 2 since the pairwise sums then are 2, 3 and 4, i.e., they are distinct. Then, a_3 can't be 3 because there would be the non-distinct pairwise sums 1 + 3 = 2 + 2 = 4. We find then that a_3 = 4, with the pairwise sums being 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8. The sequence thus begins :1 (number), 1, 2 (number), 2, 4 (number), 4, 8 (number), 8, 13 (number), 13, 21 (number), 21, 31 (number), 31, 45 (number), 45, 66 (number), 66, 81 (number), 81, 97 (number), 97, 123 (number), 123, 148 (number), 148, 182 (number), 182, 204 (number), 204,252 (number), 252, 290 (number), 290, 361, 401, 475, ... . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Quadruplet
In number theory, a prime quadruplet (sometimes called prime quadruple) is a set of four prime numbers of the form This represents the closest possible grouping of four primes larger than 3, and is the only prime constellation of length 4. Prime quadruplets The first eight prime quadruplets are: , , , , , , , All prime quadruplets except are of the form for some integer ''n''. (This structure is necessary to ensure that none of the four primes are divisible by 2, 3 or 5). A prime quadruplet of this form is also called a prime decade. A prime quadruplet can be described as a consecutive pair of twin primes, two overlapping sets of prime triplets, or two intermixed pairs of sexy primes. It is not known if there are infinitely many prime quadruplets. A proof that there are infinitely many would imply the twin prime conjecture, but it is consistent with current knowledge that there may be infinitely many pairs of twin primes and only finitely many prime quadruplets. The n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twin Prime
A twin prime is a prime number that is either 2 less or 2 more than another prime number—for example, either member of the twin prime pair (41, 43). In other words, a twin prime is a prime that has a prime gap of two. Sometimes the term ''twin prime'' is used for a pair of twin primes; an alternative name for this is prime twin or prime pair. Twin primes become increasingly rare as one examines larger ranges, in keeping with the general tendency of gaps between adjacent primes to become larger as the numbers themselves get larger. However, it is unknown whether there are infinitely many twin primes (the so-called twin prime conjecture) or if there is a largest pair. The breakthrough work of Yitang Zhang in 2013, as well as work by James Maynard, Terence Tao and others, has made substantial progress towards proving that there are infinitely many twin primes, but at present this remains unsolved. Properties Usually the pair (2, 3) is not considered to be a pair of twin primes. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triangular Number
A triangular number or triangle number counts objects arranged in an equilateral triangle. Triangular numbers are a type of figurate number, other examples being square numbers and cube numbers. The th triangular number is the number of dots in the triangular arrangement with dots on each side, and is equal to the sum of the natural numbers from 1 to . The sequence of triangular numbers, starting with the 0th triangular number, is (This sequence is included in the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences .) Formula The triangular numbers are given by the following explicit formulas: T_n= \sum_^n k = 1+2+3+ \dotsb +n = \frac = , where \textstyle is a binomial coefficient. It represents the number of distinct pairs that can be selected from objects, and it is read aloud as " plus one choose two". The first equation can be illustrated using a visual proof. For every triangular number T_n, imagine a "half-square" arrangement of objects corresponding to the triangular numb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Square Pyramidal Number
In mathematics, a pyramid number, or square pyramidal number, is a natural number that counts the number of stacked spheres in a pyramid with a square base. The study of these numbers goes back to Archimedes and Fibonacci. They are part of a broader topic of figurate numbers representing the numbers of points forming regular patterns within different shapes. As well as counting spheres in a pyramid, these numbers can be described algebraically as a sum of the first n positive square numbers, or as the values of a cubic polynomial. They can be used to solve several other counting problems, including counting squares in a square grid and counting acute triangles formed from the vertices of an odd regular polygon. They equal the sums of consecutive tetrahedral numbers, and are one-fourth of a larger tetrahedral number. The sum of two consecutive square pyramidal numbers is an octahedral number. History The pyramidal numbers were one of the few types of three-dimensional figurate num ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centered Hexagonal Number
In mathematics and combinatorics, a centered hexagonal number, or hex number, is a centered figurate number that represents a hexagon with a dot in the center and all other dots surrounding the center dot in a hexagonal lattice. The following figures illustrate this arrangement for the first four centered hexagonal numbers: : Centered hexagonal numbers should not be confused with cornered hexagonal numbers, which are figurate numbers in which the associated hexagons share a vertex. The sequence of hexagonal numbers starts out as follows : : 1, 7, 19, 37, 61, 91, 127, 169, 217, 271, 331, 397, 469, 547, 631, 721, 817, 919. Formula The th centered hexagonal number is given by the formula :H(n) = n^3 - (n-1)^3 = 3n(n-1)+1 = 3n^2 - 3n +1. \, Expressing the formula as :H(n) = 1+6\left(\frac\right) shows that the centered hexagonal number for is 1 more than 6 times the th triangular number. In the opposite direction, the ''index'' corresponding to the centered he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Padovan Sequence
In number theory, the Padovan sequence is the sequence of integers ''P''(''n'') defined. by the initial values :P(0)=P(1)=P(2)=1, and the recurrence relation :P(n)=P(n-2)+P(n-3). The first few values of ''P''(''n'') are :1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12, 16, 21, 28, 37, 49, 65, 86, 114, 151, 200, 265, ... A Padovan prime is a Padovan number that's also prime. The first Padovan primes are: :2, 3, 5, 7, 37, 151, 3329, 23833, 13091204281, 3093215881333057, 1363005552434666078217421284621279933627102780881053358473, 1558877695141608507751098941899265975115403618621811951868598809164180630185566719, ... . The Padovan sequence is named after Richard Padovan who attributed its discovery to Netherlands, Dutch architect Hans van der Laan in his 1994 essay ''Dom. Hans van der Laan : Modern Primitive''.Richard Padovan. ''Dom Hans van der Laan: modern primitive'': Architectura & Natura Press, . The sequence was described by Ian Stewart (mathematician), Ian Stewart in his Scientific Ame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrahedral Number
A tetrahedral number, or triangular pyramidal number, is a figurate number that represents a pyramid with a triangular base and three sides, called a tetrahedron. The th tetrahedral number, , is the sum of the first triangular numbers, that is, : Te_n = \sum_^n T_k = \sum_^n \frac = \sum_^n \left(\sum_^k i\right) The tetrahedral numbers are: : 1, 4, 10, 20, 35, 56, 84, 120, 165, 220, ... Formula The formula for the th tetrahedral number is represented by the 3rd rising factorial of divided by the factorial of 3: :Te_n= \sum_^n T_k = \sum_^n \frac = \sum_^n \left(\sum_^k i\right)=\frac = \frac The tetrahedral numbers can also be represented as binomial coefficients: :Te_n=\binom. Tetrahedral numbers can therefore be found in the fourth position either from left or right in Pascal's triangle. Proofs of formula This proof uses the fact that the th triangular number is given by :T_n=\frac. It proceeds by induction. ;Base case :Te_1 = 1 = \frac. ;Inductive step :\ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
