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8-demicubic Honeycomb
The 8-demicubic honeycomb, or demiocteractic honeycomb is a uniform space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 8-space. It is constructed as an alternation of the regular 8-cubic honeycomb. It is composed of two different types of facets. The 8-cubes become alternated into 8-demicubes h and the alternated vertices create 8-orthoplex facets . D8 lattice The vertex arrangement of the 8-demicubic honeycomb is the D8 lattice. The 112 vertices of the rectified 8-orthoplex vertex figure of the ''8-demicubic honeycomb'' reflect the kissing number 112 of this lattice. The best known is 240, from the E8 lattice and the 521 honeycomb. _8 contains _8 as a subgroup of index 270. Both _8 and _8 can be seen as affine extensions of D_8 from different nodes: The D lattice (also called D) can be constructed by the union of two D8 lattices. This packing is only a lattice for even dimensions. The kissing number is 240. (2n-1 for n8). It is identical to the E8 lattice. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uniform 8-honeycomb
In nine-dimensional geometry, a nine-dimensional polytope or 9-polytope is a polytope contained by 8-polytope facets. Each 7-polytope Ridge (geometry), ridge being shared by exactly two 8-polytope Facet (mathematics), facets. A uniform 9-polytope is one which is vertex-transitive, and constructed from uniform 8-polytope Facet (geometry), facets. Regular 9-polytopes Regular 9-polytopes can be represented by the Schläfli symbol , with w 8-polytope Facet (mathematics), facets around each Peak (geometry), peak. There are exactly three such List of regular polytopes#Convex 4, convex regular 9-polytopes: # - 9-simplex # - 9-cube # - 9-orthoplex There are no nonconvex regular 9-polytopes. Euler characteristic The topology of any given 9-polytope is defined by its Betti numbers and torsion coefficient (topology), torsion coefficients.Richeson, D.; ''Euler's Gem: The Polyhedron Formula and the Birth of Topoplogy'', Princeton, 2008. The value of the Euler characteristic used t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cross Graph 8 Nodes Highlighted
A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two intersecting lines or bars, usually perpendicular to each other. The lines usually run vertically and horizontally. A cross of oblique lines, in the shape of the Latin letter X, is termed a saltire in heraldic terminology. The cross has been widely recognized as a symbol of Christianity from an early period.''Christianity: an introduction'' by Alister E. McGrath 2006 pages 321-323 However, the use of the cross as a religious symbol predates Christianity; in the ancient times it was a pagan religious symbol throughout Europe and western Asia. The effigy of a man hanging on a cross was set up in the fields to protect the crops. It often appeared in conjunction with the female-genital circle or oval, to signify the sacred marriage, as in Egyptian amu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trirectified 8-orthoplex
In eight-dimensional geometry, a rectified 8-orthoplex is a convex uniform 8-polytope, being a Rectification (geometry), rectification of the regular 8-orthoplex. There are unique 8 degrees of rectifications, the zeroth being the 8-orthoplex, and the 7th and last being the 8-cube. Vertices of the rectified 8-orthoplex are located at the edge-centers of the 8-orthoplex. Vertices of the birectified 8-orthoplex are located in the triangular face centers of the 8-orthoplex. Vertices of the trirectified 8-orthoplex are located in the tetrahedron, tetrahedral cell centers of the 8-orthoplex. Rectified 8-orthoplex The rectified 8-orthoplex has 112 vertices. These represent the root vectors of the simple Lie group D8. The vertices can be seen in 3 hyperplanes, with the 28 vertices rectified 7-simplexs cells on opposite sides, and 56 vertices of an expanded 7-simplex passing through the center. When combined with the 16 vertices of the 8-orthoplex, these vertices represent the 128 root ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quadrirectified 8-cubic Honeycomb
The 8-cubic honeycomb or octeractic honeycomb is the only regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb (geometry), honeycomb) in Euclidean space, Euclidean 8-space. It is analogous to the square tiling of the plane and to the cubic honeycomb of 3-space, and the tesseractic honeycomb of 4-space. There are many different Wythoff constructions of this honeycomb. The most symmetric form is Regular polytope, regular, with Schläfli symbol . Another form has two alternating octeract, hypercube facets (like a checkerboard) with Schläfli symbol . The lowest symmetry Wythoff construction has 256 types of facet (geometry), facets around each vertex and a prismatic product Schläfli symbol 8. Related honeycombs The [4,36,4], , Coxeter group generates 511 permutations of Uniform honeycomb, uniform tessellations, 271 with unique symmetry and 270 with unique geometry. The Expansion (geometry), expanded 8-cubic honeycomb is geometrically identical to the 8-cubic honeycomb. The ''8-cubic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voronoi Tessellation
Voronoi or Voronoy is a Slavic masculine surname; its feminine counterpart is Voronaya. It may refer to *Georgy Voronoy (1868–1908), Russian and Ukrainian mathematician **Voronoi diagram **Weighted Voronoi diagram ** Voronoi deformation density **Voronoi formula **Voronoi pole In geometry, the positive and negative Voronoi poles of a cell in a Voronoi diagram are certain vertices of the diagram. Definition Let V be the Voronoi diagram for a set of sites P, and let V_p be the Voronoi cell of V corresponding to a site ... ** Centroidal Voronoi tessellation {{Disambiguation, surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
7-cube Honeycomb
The 7-cubic honeycomb or hepteractic honeycomb is the only regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 7-space. It is analogous to the square tiling of the plane and to the cubic honeycomb of 3-space. There are many different Wythoff constructions of this honeycomb. The most symmetric form is regular, with Schläfli symbol . Another form has two alternating 7-cube facets (like a checkerboard) with Schläfli symbol . The lowest symmetry Wythoff construction has 128 types of facets around each vertex and a prismatic product Schläfli symbol 7. Related honeycombs The ,35,4 , Coxeter group generates 255 permutations of uniform tessellations, 135 with unique symmetry and 134 with unique geometry. The expanded 7-cubic honeycomb is geometrically identical to the 7-cubic honeycomb. The ''7-cubic honeycomb'' can be alternated into the 7-demicubic honeycomb, replacing the 7-cubes with 7-demicubes, and the alternated gaps are filled by 7-orthoplex facets. Quadritr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Body Centered Cubic
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals. There are three main varieties of these crystals: *Primitive cubic (abbreviated ''cP'' and alternatively called simple cubic) *Body-centered cubic (abbreviated ''cI'' or bcc) *Face-centered cubic (abbreviated ''cF'' or fcc, and alternatively called ''cubic close-packed'' or ccp) Each is subdivided into other variants listed below. Although the ''unit cells'' in these crystals are conventionally taken to be cubes, the primitive unit cells often are not. Bravais lattices The three Bravais lattices in the cubic crystal system are: The primitive cubic lattice (cP) consists of one lattice point on each corner of the cube; this means each simple cubic unit cell has in total one lattice point. Each atom at a lattice point is then shared equally between eight adjacent cube ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Affine D8 E8 Relations
Affine may describe any of various topics concerned with connections or affinities. It may refer to: * Affine, a relative by marriage in law and anthropology * Affine cipher, a special case of the more general substitution cipher * Affine combination, a certain kind of constrained linear combination * Affine connection, a connection on the tangent bundle of a differentiable manifold * Affine Coordinate System, a coordinate system that can be viewed as a Cartesian coordinate system where the axes have been placed so that they are not necessarily orthogonal to each other. See tensor. * Affine differential geometry, a geometry that studies differential invariants under the action of the special affine group * Affine gap penalty, the most widely used scoring function used for sequence alignment, especially in bioinformatics * Affine geometry, a geometry characterized by parallel lines * Affine group, the group of all invertible affine transformations from any affine space ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5 21 Honeycomb
In geometry, the 521 honeycomb is a uniform tessellation of 8-dimensional Euclidean space. The symbol 521 is from Coxeter, named for the length of the 3 branches of its Coxeter-Dynkin diagram.Coxeter, 1973, Chapter 5: The Kaleidoscope By putting spheres at its vertices one obtains the densest-possible packing of spheres in 8 dimensions. This was proven by Maryna Viazovska in 2016 using the theory of modular forms. Viazovska was awarded the Fields Medal for this work in 2022. This honeycomb was first studied by Gosset who called it a ''9-ic semi-regular figure'' (Gosset regarded honeycombs in ''n'' dimensions as degenerate ''n''+1 polytopes). Each vertex of the 521 honeycomb is surrounded by 2160 8-orthoplexes and 17280 8-simplicies. The vertex figure of Gosset's honeycomb is the semiregular 421 polytope. It is the final figure in the k21 family. This honeycomb is highly regular in the sense that its symmetry group (the affine _8 Weyl group) acts transitively on the ''k''- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
E8 Lattice
In mathematics, the E lattice is a special lattice in R. It can be characterized as the unique positive-definite, even, unimodular lattice of rank 8. The name derives from the fact that it is the root lattice of the E root system. The normIn this article, the ''norm'' of a vector refers to its length squared (the square of the ordinary norm). of the E lattice (divided by 2) is a positive definite even unimodular quadratic form in 8 variables, and conversely such a quadratic form can be used to construct a positive-definite, even, unimodular lattice of rank 8. The existence of such a form was first shown by H. J. S. Smith in 1867, and the first explicit construction of this quadratic form was given by Korkin and Zolotarev in 1873. The E lattice is also called the Gosset lattice after Thorold Gosset who was one of the first to study the geometry of the lattice itself around 1900. Lattice points The E lattice is a discrete subgroup of R of full rank (i.e. it spans all of R). It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Horton Conway
John Horton Conway (26 December 1937 – 11 April 2020) was an English mathematician active in the theory of finite groups, knot theory, number theory, combinatorial game theory and coding theory. He also made contributions to many branches of recreational mathematics, most notably the invention of the cellular automaton called the Game of Life. Born and raised in Liverpool, Conway spent the first half of his career at the University of Cambridge before moving to the United States, where he held the John von Neumann Professorship at Princeton University for the rest of his career. On 11 April 2020, at age 82, he died of complications from COVID-19. Early life and education Conway was born on 26 December 1937 in Liverpool, the son of Cyril Horton Conway and Agnes Boyce. He became interested in mathematics at a very early age. By the time he was 11, his ambition was to become a mathematician. After leaving sixth form, he studied mathematics at Gonville and Caius College, Camb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kissing Number
In geometry, the kissing number of a mathematical space is defined as the greatest number of non-overlapping unit spheres that can be arranged in that space such that they each touch a common unit sphere. For a given sphere packing (arrangement of spheres) in a given space, a kissing number can also be defined for each individual sphere as the number of spheres it touches. For a lattice packing the kissing number is the same for every sphere, but for an arbitrary sphere packing the kissing number may vary from one sphere to another. Other names for kissing number that have been used are Newton number (after the originator of the problem), and contact number. In general, the kissing number problem seeks the maximum possible kissing number for ''n''-dimensional spheres in (''n'' + 1)-dimensional Euclidean space. Ordinary spheres correspond to two-dimensional closed surfaces in three-dimensional space. Finding the kissing number when centers of spheres are confined to a line (the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
