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4th Amendment
Fourth Amendment may refer to the: *Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures * Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India, 1955 amendment relating to property rights and trade * Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland, which lowered the voting age from twenty-one to eighteen ** Fourth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 1968, a failed attempt to amend the Constitution of Ireland by abolishing proportional representation elections * Australian referendum, 1946 (Social Services), the fourth amendment to the Constitution of Australia, which extended the powers of the federal government over social services * Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa, which made technical changes related to the election of provincial legislature and the National Council of Provinces *Florida Amendment 4 (2018) Florida Amendment 4, also the Voting Rights Restoration for Felons Initiative, is an amendment to the Constitution o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Amendment To The United States Constitution
The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights. It prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures. In addition, it sets requirements for issuing warrants: warrants must be issued by a judge or magistrate, justified by probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and must particularly describe the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Fourth Amendment case law deals with three main issues: what government activities are "searches" and "seizures," what constitutes probable cause to conduct searches and seizures, and how to address violations of Fourth Amendment rights. Early court decisions limited the amendment's scope to physical intrusion of property or persons, but with ''Katz v. United States'' (1967), the Supreme Court held that its protections extend to intrusions on the privacy of individuals as well as to physical locations. A warrant is needed for most search and seizure activities, but the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Amendment Of The Constitution Of India
As of October 2021, there have been 105 amendments of the Constitution of India since it was first enacted in 1950. There are three types of amendments to the Constitution of India of which second and third type of amendments are governed by Article 368. * The first type of amendments includes that can be passed by " simple majority" in each house of the Parliament of India The Parliament of India ( IAST: ) is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameral legislature composed of the president of India and two houses: the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the .... * The second type of amendments includes that can be effected by the parliament by a prescribed " special majority" in each house; and * The third type of amendments includes those that require, in addition to such "special majority" in each house of the parliament, ratification by at least one half of the State Legislatures. The third type amendments tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Amendment Of The Constitution Of Ireland
The Fourth Amendment of the Constitution Act 1972 is an Amendments to the Constitution of Ireland, amendment to the Constitution of Ireland which lowered the voting age for all national elections and referendums in the state from twenty-one to eighteen years of age. It was approved by referendum on 7 December 1972 and signed into law on 5 January 1973. Background The Fourth Amendment altered Article 16 which deals with elections to Dáil Éireann (the house of representatives of the Oireachtas). However other provisions of the constitution state that anyone entitled to vote in Dáil elections is also entitled to participate in the election of the President of Ireland, President and in referendums, so the amendment affected these votes as well. The amendment did not, however, affect the minimum age at which one could be elected to the Dáil, and this remained at twenty-one. It was submitted to a referendum on the same day as the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland, Fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Amendment Of The Constitution Bill 1968
The Fourth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 1968 was a bill (no. 6 of 1968) to amend the Constitution of Ireland to alter the electoral system from proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV) to first-past-the-post (FPTP). The proposal was rejected in a referendum held on 16 October 1968. Proposed change The subject matter of the referendum was described as follows: Background Elections to Dáil Éireann, the house of representative in the Oireachtas, are governed by Article 16 of the Constitution. In 1959, the Fianna Fáil government of Éamon de Valera put the Third Amendment of the Constitution Bill to a referendum, which proposed to replace the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV) with first-past-the-post (FPTP). The referendum was defeated by 51.8% to 48.8%, on the same day on which de Valera had won the presidential election. In 1968, the Fianna Fáil government of Jack ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Referendum, 1946 (Social Services)
The ''Constitution Alteration (Social Services) Bill 1946'', was a successful proposal to alter the Australian Constitution to give the Commonwealth power over a range of social services. The question was put to a referendum in the 1946 Australian referendum with two other (unrelated) questions. It was carried and inserted into section 51 of the Australian Constitution. Question ''Do you approve of the proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled 'Constitution Alteration (Social Services) 1946'?'' Section 51 of the Australian Constitution grants the commonwealth legislative power. Prior to this amendment the only social services provision was s51(xxiii) that gave power to legislate for invalid and old-age pensions. The proposal was to introduce s51(xxiiiA), which reads:. (xxiiiA) the provision of maternity allowances, widows' pensions, child endowment, unemployment, pharmaceutical, sickness and hospital benefits, medical and dental services (but not so as to auth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Amendment Of The Constitution Of South Africa
The Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa made two technical changes relating to the calling of provincial elections and the choice of delegates to the National Council of Provinces. It was enacted by the Parliament of South Africa, signed by Acting President Thabo Mbeki on 17 March 1999, and came into force two days later. It was signed and came into force simultaneously with the Fifth Amendment; the two amendments were separated because the Fourth involved provincial matters and had to be passed by the National Council of Provinces while the Fifth did not. Provisions The Act made two technical modifications to the Constitution. The first was to clarify that, when the term of a provincial legislature is due to expire, the Premier Premier is a title for the head of government in central governments, state governments and local governments of some countries. A second in command to a premier is designated as a deputy premier. A premier will normally be a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florida Amendment 4 (2018)
Florida Amendment 4, also the Voting Rights Restoration for Felons Initiative, is an amendment to the Constitution of Florida passed by ballot initiative on November 6, 2018, as part of the 2018 Florida elections. The proposition restored the suffrage, voting rights of Floridians with felony convictions after they complete all terms of their sentence including parole or probation. The amendment does not apply to Floridians convicted of murder or sexual offenses. The campaign was sponsored by the Florida Rights Restoration Coalition and had support from the American Civil Liberties Union, Christian Coalition of America, and Freedom Partners. Among politicians who took a side on the amendment, several Democratic Party (United States), Democrats supported the measure, while some Republican Party (United States), Republicans opposed it. Amendment 4 passed with 64.55% of voters in favor. In January 2019, an estimated 1.4 million ex-felons became eligible to vote. However, a seri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
