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42nd Division, Spanish Republican Army
The 42nd Division ( es, 42.ª División) was a division of the Spanish Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War. This unit was involved in the Battle of Alfambra —part of the Battle of Teruel, as well as in the Battle of the Ebro, suffering grievous losses in both battles. History This unit was established on 13 April 1937 at the Teruel Front. Initially it was the Cuenca Autonomous Group ( es, Agrupación autónoma de Cuenca) led by Infantry Colonel Víctor Lacalle Seminario, which besides the 59th, 59th and 60th Mixed Brigades, had the 49th Mixed Brigade in the reserve. In June the division was made part of the Teruel Operations Army ( es, Ejército de Operaciones de Teruel), which was formed by the 39th, 40th, 41st and 42nd divisions under the command of Colonel Jesús Velasco Echave. Battles of Albarracín and Alfambra Between 5 July and 11 August 1937, the 42nd Division was involved in the Battle of Albarracín, which was an operation launched by the Republican ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Spain 1931 1939
A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular or quadrilateral) with a distinctive design and colours. It is used as a symbol, a signalling device, or for decoration. The term ''flag'' is also used to refer to the graphic design employed, and flags have evolved into a general tool for rudimentary signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is challenging (such as the maritime environment, where semaphore is used). Many flags fall into groups of similar designs called flag families. The study of flags is known as "vexillology" from the Latin , meaning "flag" or "banner". National flags are patriotic symbols with widely varied interpretations that often include strong military associations because of their original and ongoing use for that purpose. Flags are also used in messaging, advertising, or for decorative purposes. Some military units are called "flags" after their use of flags. A ''flag'' (Arabic: ) is equivalent to a brigade i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Teruel
The Battle of Teruel was fought in and around the city of Teruel during the Spanish Civil War between December 1937 and February 1938, during the worst Spanish winter in 20 years.Hugh Purcell, p. 95. The battle was one of the bloodiest actions of the war, with the city changing hands several times by first falling to the Republicans and eventually being retaken by the Nationalists. In the course of the fighting, Teruel was subjected to heavy artillery and aerial bombardment. In the two-month battle, both factions together took 110,000 casualties. With his superiority in men and material, Nationalist leader Francisco Franco regained Teruel. This battle became the military turning point of the war. Background The Republic's decision to move against Teruel was motivated by several strategic priorities. Republican military leaders thought that Teruel was not strongly held and sought to regain the initiative by its capture. By 1937, the Teruel salient was similar to the fingernail o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montes Universales
Montes Universales is a long mountain range in the southeastern end of the Iberian System. Its highest point is the 1,935 m high summit known as Caimodorro. The 1,830 m high Muela de San Juan is another important peak. Administratively, the Montes Universales belong to the Sierra de Albarracín comarca of Aragon, therefore there are often confused with the geographical Sierra de Albarracín mountain range. Geography The range, which is aligned in a NW - SE direction, is not as high as neighboring ranges. It is, however, very significant from the hydrographic point of view, for important rivers of the Iberian Peninsula have their source in these mountains, which divide the Atlantic from the Mediterranean watershed. Among the Iberian rivers that originate in the Montes Universales, the most important are the Tagus on the western slopes, and the Túria, Cabriel and Xúquer on the eastern. The Montes Universales are bordered by the paleozoic massifs of Caimodorro and Loma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albarracín
Albarracín () is a Spanish town, in the province of Teruel, part of the autonomous community of Aragon. According to the 2007 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 1075 inhabitants. Albarracín is the capital of the mountainous Sierra de Albarracín Comarca Albarracín is surrounded by stony hills and the town was declared a ''Monumento Nacional'' in 1961. The many red sandstone boulders and cliffs surrounding Albarracín make it a popular rock climbing location, particularly for boulderers. History The town is named for the Hawwara Berber dynasty of the Banu Razin which was their capital from the early eleventh century until it was taken by the Almoravids in 1104. From 1167 to 1300, Albarracín was an independent lordship known as the Sinyoría d'Albarrazín which was established after the partition of the Taifa of Albarracín under the control of Pedro Ruiz de Azagra. It was eventually conquered by Peter III of Aragon in 1284, and the ruling family, the Hou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jesús Velasco Echave
Jesus ( AD 30 or 33) was a Jewish preacher and religious leader who most Christians believe to be the incarnation of God and Muslims believe was a prophet. Jesus may also refer to: People Religious figures * Elymas Bar-Jesus, a Jew in the ''Acts of the Apostles'', chapter 13, who opposed the missionary Paul on Cyprus * Jesus Barabbas (Matthew 27:16–17 margin), pardoned criminal * Jesus Justus (Colossians 4:11), Christian in Rome mentioned by Paul Other people with the name * Jesus (name), as given name and surname, derived from the Latin name ''Iesus'' and the Greek ('). * Jesus ben Ananias (died ), Jewish nationalist mentioned by Josephus * Jesus Ben Sira (), religious writer, author of the Book of Sirach * Jesus Christ Allin or GG Allin (1956–1993), American punk rock musician * Jesús González Díaz (born 1994), simply known as Jesús, Spanish footballer * Jesús Malverde, legendary Mexican bandit-saint * Jesús Rodríguez (other) * Gabriel Jesus (born 1997), B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
41st Division (Spain)
The 41st Division was one of the divisions of the People's Army of the Republic that were organized during the Spanish Civil War on the basis of the Mixed Brigades. It took part in the battles of Teruel, Alfambra and Levante. History The unit was formed in April 1937, on the Teruel front. It was made up of the 57th, 58th and 83rd mixed brigades. The division was initially assigned to the "Teruel Operations Army". It was subsequently attached to the XIII Army Corps. The 41st Division, attached to the XIX Army Corps, was present during the Battle of Teruel. In the face of the nationalist offensive on the Levante front, the division was added to the so-called "Army Corps of the Coast", defending the coastal sector; later, it was attached to the XXII Army Corps. In June the 41st Division was located at the height of Castellón de la Plana, which was lost on June 14. Later, the unit went to act as a reserve in the region of Sagunto- Almenara, undergoing a reorganization process. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
40th Division (Spain)
40th Division or 40th Infantry Division may refer to: ; Infantry Divisions : * 40th Division (German Empire), a unit of the Imperial German Army * 40th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), a unit of the Imperial Japanese Army * 40th Division (United Kingdom), a unit of the United Kingdom Army * 40th Infantry Division (United States), a unit of the United States Army * 40th Infantry Division (People's Republic of China), a unit of the PLA * 40th Rifle Division * 40th Infantry Division Cacciatori d'Africa, Italian division of World War II ; Aviation Divisions : * 40th Air Division, a unit of the United States Air Force See also * 40th Brigade (other) * 40th Regiment (other) * 40th Battalion (other) 40th Battalion may refer to: * 40th Battalion (Australia), an infantry battalion 1916–1987 * 40th Battalion (Nova Scotia), CEF, a Canadian infantry battalion during World War I * Sparrow Force (2/40th Australian Infantry Battalion), a unit of ... * 40th Sq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
39th Division (Spain)
39th Division, 39th Infantry Division or 39th Infantry may refer to: Infantry divisions * 39th Division (German Empire), a unit of the Imperial German Army * 39th Reserve Division (German Empire) – later 39th Bavarian Reserve Division, a unit of the Bavarian and Imperial German Armies * 39th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), a unit of the Germany Army during World War II * 39th Infantry Division (British India), a unit of the British Army of India * 39th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), a unit of the Imperial Japanese Army * 39th Infantry Division (Poland), a unit of the Polish Army * 39th Guards Rifle Division, a unit of the Soviet Army * 39th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), a unit of the Soviet Army * 39th Division (United Kingdom), a unit of the United Kingdom Army * 39th Infantry Division (United States), a unit of the United States Army Armoured divisions * 39th Tank Division (Soviet Union), a unit of the Soviet Army Aviation divisions * 39th Air Division (United Stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Reserve
A military reserve, active reserve, reserve formation, or simply reserve, is a group of military personnel or units that is initially not committed to a battle by its commander, so that it remains available to address unforeseen situations or exploit sudden opportunities. Such a force may be held back to defend against attack from other enemy forces, to be committed to the existing battle if the enemy exposes a vulnerability, or to serve as relief for troops already fighting. Some of the different categories of military reserves are: tactical reserve, operational reserve, and strategic reserve. A military reserve is different from a military reserve force, which is a military organization composed of military personnel who maintain their military skills and readiness in a long-term part-time commitment to support their country if needed. Military reserve refers to specific trained pre-organized forces operating on an on-call basis from the main military force. Each member acts in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
49th Mixed Brigade
The 49th Mixed Brigade ( es, 49.ª Brigada Mixta),Carlos Engel, ''Historia de las Brigadas Mixtas del E. P. de la República'', 1999 p. 76 was a mixed brigade of the Spanish Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War. It was formed in February 1937 at the Guadalajara Front. This ill-fated military unit suffered heavy casualties over and over again during its involvement in different conflicts of the Civil War. It was finally terminated after the bombing of Xàtiva in February 1939. History First phase The 49th Mixed Brigade was formed in Guadalajara with four battalions, the "Pablo Iglesias Battalion", the "Triunfo Battalion" and the "Guadalajara nº 1" and "Guadalajara nº 2" Battalions, which became the 193, 194, 195 and 196 battalions respectively. The commander was Infantry Lt. Colonel Ángel de la Macorra Carratalá, a retired commander living in Madrid at the beginning of the conflict. The new unit was placed under the XII Division of the IV Army Corps of the Central Army ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mixed Brigade
Mixed brigade ( es, brigada mixta) was a basic tactical military unit of the Republican army during the Spanish Civil War. It was initially designed as “pocket division”, an innovative maneuverable combined-arms formation. Because of high saturation with specialized troops and services it would have resembled a division, but in terms of manpower it would have been much smaller and amount to some 3,700 men. Shortages of career officers and NCOs plus inability to provide arms and equipment needed rendered the original mixed brigade pattern unworkable. The Republican general staff kept redrafting the scheme with decreasing proportion of non-infantry sub-units, though even these arrangements proved impossible to implement. Most of 188 mixed brigades raised during the war were closer to the infantry regiment blueprint. Assumptions about nature of the warfare which gave rise to the mixed brigade concept were largely correct. However, the Republic could not have afforded such high ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
60th Mixed Brigade
The 60th Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army created during the Spanish Civil War. History The unit was founded in January 1937 on the Teruel Front, created from forces of the Rosal Column. Its first commander was Dionisio Fernández López. As of June 1937, it was classified in the 42nd Division. It fought in the Battle of Albarracín, on July 5. On July 7, the 60th MB managed to enter the town, but the defenders had regrouped in the Cathedral, and the Republican brigade was unable to evict them. On July 14 it was forced to retreat hastily from Albarracín after the arrival of enemy reinforcements, and the 60th MB was relieved of operations due to heavy casualties. In December 1937 the unit was assigned to the strategic reserve of the Republican Army. During the Aragón Offensive the brigade fought in the Battle of Lérida. By then it was attached to the 46th Division of ''"Valentín González"''. On March 31 it covered the outskirts of the city, from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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