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41 For Freedom
41 for Freedom refers to the US Navy Fleet Ballistic Missile (FBM) submarines from the , , , , and es. All of these submarines were commissioned 1959–1967, as the goal was to create a credible, survivable sea-based deterrent as quickly as possible. These submarines were nicknamed "41 for Freedom" once the goal of 41 nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) was established in the early 1960s. The 1972 SALT I Treaty limited the number of American submarine-launched ballistic missile tubes to 656, based on the total missile tubes of the forty-one submarines, in line with the treaty's goal of limiting strategic nuclear weapons to the number already existing. Overview The "41 for Freedom" nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) were armed with submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) to create a deterrent force against the threat of nuclear war with any foreign power threatening the United States during the Cold War. The United States had de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regulus Missile Submarines
The Regulus missile submarines were a group of submarines operated by the United States Navy (US Navy) capable of carrying the SSM-N-8 Regulus, Regulus cruise missile. Between 1959 and 1964, a total of five boats were used to undertake the first submarine-based Deterrence theory, nuclear deterrent patrols by the United States of America, United States. Regulus submarines were used for this task until 1964, when sufficient ballistic missile submarines carrying the UGM-27 Polaris, Polaris ballistic missile became available. History Regulus missile development and submarine use In May 1947, the United States Army (US Army) awarded a contract for the development of a guided cruise missile, the MGM-1 Matador. The US Navy saw this as a threat to its role in the operation of guided missiles, and launched its own development program for a turbojet powered missile, which it called Regulus. In August 1947, specifications for the Regulus project were issued: *Be capable of carrying a warhea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ballistic Missile
A ballistic missile is a type of missile that uses projectile motion to deliver warheads on a target. These weapons are guided only during relatively brief periods—most of the flight is unpowered. Short-range ballistic missiles stay within the Earth's atmosphere, while intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) are launched on a sub-orbital flight. These weapons are in a distinct category from cruise missiles, which are aerodynamically guided in powered flight. Unlike cruise missiles, which are restricted to the atmosphere, it is advantageous for ballistic missiles to avoid the denser parts of the atmosphere and they may travel above the atmosphere into outer space. History The earliest form of ballistic missile dates from the 13th century with its use derived from the history of rockets. In the 14th century, the Ming Chinese navy used an early form of a ballistic missile weapon called the Huolongchushui in naval battles against enemy ships.Needham, Volume 5, Part 7, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Navy
A nuclear navy, or nuclear-powered navy, refers to the portion of a navy consisting of naval ships powered by nuclear marine propulsion. The concept was revolutionary for naval warfare when first proposed. Prior to nuclear power, submarines were powered by diesel engines and could only submerge through the use of batteries. In order for these submarines to run their diesel engines and charge their batteries they would have to surface or snorkel. The use of nuclear power allowed these submarines to become true submersibles and unlike their conventional counterparts, they became limited only by crew endurance and supplies. Nuclear-powered aircraft carriers Currently, only the United States and France possess nuclear-powered aircraft-carriers. The United States Navy has by far the most nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, with ten carriers and one carrier in service. The last conventionally-powered aircraft carrier left the U.S. fleet as of 12 May 2009, when the USS ''Kitty Hawk' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benjamin Franklin-class Submarine
The ''Benjamin Franklin''-class submarine was a group of US ballistic missile submarines that were in Navy service from the 1960s–2000s. The class was an evolutionary development from the earlier of fleet ballistic missile submarine. Having quieter machinery and other improvements, it is considered a separate class. A subset of this class is the re-engineered 640 class starting with . The primary difference was that they were built under the new SUBSAFE rules after the loss of , earlier boats of the class had to be retrofitted to meet SUBSAFE requirements. The ''Benjamin Franklin'' class, together with the , , , and classes, composed the "41 for Freedom" that was the Navy's primary contribution to the nuclear deterrent force through the late 1980s. This class and the ''James Madison'' class are combined with the ''Lafayette''s in some references. Design The ''Benjamin Franklin''-class submarines were built with the Polaris A-3 ballistic missile, and in the early 1970s wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Madison-class Submarine
The ''James Madison'' class of submarine was an evolutionary development from the of fleet ballistic missile submarine. They were identical to the ''Lafayette''s except for being initially designed to carry the Polaris A-3 missile instead of the earlier A-2. This class, together with the , , , and classes, composed the " 41 for Freedom" that was the Navy's primary contribution to the nuclear deterrent force through the late 1980s. This class and the ''Benjamin Franklin'' class are combined with the ''Lafayette''s in some references. Design In the early 1970s all were modified for the Poseidon C-3 missile. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, six boats were further modified to carry the Trident I C-4 missile, along with six ''Benjamin Franklin''-class boats. These were ''James Madison'', ''Daniel Boone'', ''John C. Calhoun'', ''Von Steuben'', ''Casimir Pulaski'', and ''Stonewall Jackson''. Fate The ''James Madison''s were decommissioned between 1986 and 1995 due to a combin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lafayette-class Submarine
The ''Lafayette'' class of submarine was an evolutionary development from the of fleet ballistic missile submarine, slightly larger and generally improved. This class, together with the , , , and classes, composed the "41 for Freedom," the Navy's primary contribution to the nuclear deterrent force through the late 1980s. The ''James Madison'' and ''Benjamin Franklin'' classes are combined with the ''Lafayette''s in some references. Design The first eight submarines initially deployed with the Polaris A-2 missile, later being refitted with the longer ranged Polaris A-3, with having the A-3 missile from the start.Polmar 1981, p.21. In the mid-1970s all were upgraded to carry the Poseidon C3 missile; their missile tubes were slightly larger than the ''Ethan Allen'' and ''George Washington'' classes and Poseidon was designed to take advantage of this. Unlike twelve of the similar ''James Madison'' and ''Benjamin Franklin'' classes, none of the ''Lafayette''-class submarines were r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethan Allen-class Submarine
The ''Ethan Allen'' class of fleet ballistic missile submarine was an evolutionary development from the ''George Washington'' class. The ''Ethan Allen'', together with the , , , and classes comprised the "41 for Freedom" that were the Navy's main contribution to the nuclear deterrent force through the late 1980s. Design Rather than being designed as attack submarines with a missile compartment added, the ''Ethan Allen''s were the first submarines designed "from the keel up" as Fleet Ballistic Missile (FBM) submarines carrying the Polaris A-2 missile. They were functionally similar to the ''George Washington''s, but longer and more streamlined and with torpedo tubes reduced to four. In the early and mid-1970s, they were upgraded to Polaris A3s. Because their missile tubes could not be modified to carry the larger diameter Poseidon missile, they were not further upgraded. Conversions To comply with SALT II treaty limitations as the ballistic missile submarines entered ser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Washington-class Submarine
The ''George Washington'' class was a class of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines deployed by the United States Navy. ''George Washington'', along with the later , , , and classes, comprised the "41 for Freedom" group of submarines that represented the Navy's main contribution to the nuclear deterrent force through the late 1980s. Development In 1957, the US Navy began using submarines in the nuclear deterrent role, when a pair of World War II vintage diesel-electric boats, and , converted to be able to carry a pair of Regulus cruise missiles, began operating deterrent patrols. These two were soon joined by a pair of purpose built diesel boats, and a nuclear powered boat, . However, the use of Regulus in the deterrent role showed a number of limitations; as a cruise missile, it was vulnerable to interception by fighter aircraft, it was limited to subsonic speed, and had a range of less than 1000 km, while the largest of the Regulus armed boats could carry a ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Carolina
)''Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = Greenville (combined and metro) Columbia (urban) , BorderingStates = Georgia, North Carolina , OfficialLang = English , population_demonym = South Carolinian , Governor = , Lieutenant Governor = , Legislature = General Assembly , Upperhouse = Senate , Lowerhouse = House of Representatives , Judiciary = South Carolina Supreme Court , Senators = , Representative = 6 Republicans1 Democrat , postal_code = SC , TradAbbreviation = S.C. , area_rank = 40th , area_total_sq_mi = 32,020 , area_total_km2 = 82,932 , area_land_sq_mi = 30,109 , area_land_km2 = 77,982 , area_water_sq_mi = 1,911 , area_water_km2 = 4,949 , area_water_percent = 6 , population_rank = 23rd , population_as_of = 2022 , 2010Pop = 5282634 , population ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naval Support Activity Charleston
Naval Support Activity Charleston, originally designated Naval Weapons Station Charleston, is a base of the United States Navy located on the west bank of the Cooper River, in the cities of Goose Creek and Hanahan South Carolina.17,000 acres, 27 square miles), Goose Creek and Hanahan * Naval Information Warfare Center Atlantic (NIWC Atlantic) * Naval Nuclear Power Training Command *Nuclear Power School **Nuclear Power Training Unit ***Moored Training Nuclear Submarine, USS Daniel Webster (SSBN-626) ***Moored Training Nuclear Submarine, USS Sam Rayburn (SSBN-635) ***Moored Training Nuclear Submarine, USS La Jolla (SSN-701) ***Moored Training Nuclear Submarine, USS San Francisco (SSN-711), 2021 delivery *Naval Consolidated Brig, Charleston, East Coast *Mobile Mine Assembly Unit Eleven (MOMAU-11) *Naval Operations Support Center Charleston *Navy Reserve Center *Navy Munitions Command CONUS, Detachment Charleston *Explosive Ordnance Detachment * Naval Health Clinic Charleston ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Power School
Nuclear Power School (NPS) is a technical school operated by the U.S. Navy in Goose Creek, South Carolina as a central part of a program that trains enlisted sailors, officers, KAPL civilians and Bettis civilians for shipboard nuclear power plant operation and maintenance of surface ships and submarines in the U.S. nuclear navy. As of 2020 the United States Navy operates 98 nuclear power plants, including 71 submarines (each with one reactor), 11 aircraft carriers (each with two reactors), and three Moored Training Ships (MTS) and two land-based training plants. NPS is the centerpiece of the training pipeline for U.S. Navy nuclear operators. It follows initial training at Nuclear Field "A" School (for enlisted operators) or a college degree (for officer operators and a small number of civilian contractors), and culminates with certification as a nuclear operator at one of the Navy's two Nuclear Power Training Units (NPTU). As of 2020, since training the crew of the first nuclea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moored Training Ship
__NOTOC__ A moored training ship (MTS) is a United States Navy nuclear powered submarine that has been converted to a training ship for the Naval Nuclear Power Training Command's Nuclear Power Training Unit (NPTU) at Naval Support Activity Charleston in South Carolina. The NPTU is part of the Navy's Nuclear Power School at Goose Creek, S.C. The Navy uses decommissioned nuclear submarines and converts them to MTSs to train personnel in the operation and maintenance of submarines and their nuclear reactors. The first moored training ship was a fleet ballistic missile submarine, redesignated as (MTS-635) in 1989, followed a year later by , a ballistic missile submarine, redesignated as (MTS-626). Conversion of these two boats took place at the Charleston Naval Shipyard and modifications included special mooring arrangements with a mechanism to absorb power generated by the main propulsion shaft. The Navy plans to add two more moored training ships to this facility, and , a pair ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
