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3rd Saeima
3rd Saeima was the parliament of Latvia from 6 November 1928 until 2 November 1931. Social Democrat Pauls Kalniņš continued to hold the post of Speaker of the Saeima to which he was first elected during the 1st Saeima. 3rd Saeima gave confidence to the 2nd cabinet of Hugo Celmiņš (1 December 1928 – 26 March 1931), and the 3rd cabinet of Kārlis Ulmanis (27 March 1931 – 5 December 1931). Elections and parties 3rd Saeima elections were held on 6-7 October 1928 and 79.35% of eligible voters participated. Due to the liberal Elections law, 27 parties and candidates lists were elected to the 100 seats, representing all the political and ethnic interest groups of Latvia. *Social Democrats – 25 seats *Latvian Farmers’ Union – 16 seats *Committee of the German Baltic Parties – 6 seats *Latgalian Christian Peasant and Catholic Party – 6 seats * Workers and Peasants Party – 6 seats *Christian Union and Workers Party – 4 seats *New Farmers-Small Landowners Party – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latvia
Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Republika, links=no, ltg, Latvejas Republika, links=no, liv, Leţmō Vabāmō, links=no), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the Baltic states; and is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia covers an area of , with a population of 1.9 million. The country has a temperate seasonal climate. Its capital and largest city is Riga. Latvians belong to the ethno-linguistic group of the Balts; and speak Latvian, one of the only two surviving Baltic languages. Russians are the most prominent minority in the country, at almost a quarter of the population. After centuries of Teutonic, Swedish, Polish-Lithuanian and Russian rule, which was mainly executed by the local Baltic German aristocracy, the independent R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of Social Democrats – Mensheviks And Rural Workers
The Union of Social Democrats – Mensheviks and Rural Workers ( lv, Sociāldemokrātu mazinieku un laukstrādnieku savenība, SDML) was a political party in Latvia in the inter-war period led by Marģers Skujenieks. History The party was established in July 1921 as a breakaway faction from the Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party ) , colours = Maroon Green , headquarters = Riga, Lāčplēša iela 60, LV-1011 , seats1_title = Saeima , seats1 = , seats2_title = European Parliament , seats2 = , website lsdsp.lv, membership_year = 2017 , membership = 633 The Latv .... They won seven seats in the 1922 elections, becoming the third-largest faction in the 1st Saeima. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1143 In the 1925 elections they were reduced to four seats, with the party going on to win just two seats in the 1928 elections. The party was dissolved in 1929, with its leadership going onto establish the Progressive Associa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Jewish Labour Bund In Latvia
A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED Online. March 2021. Oxford University Press. https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/77489?rskey=dCKrg4&result=1 (accessed May 11, 2021) The term ''general'' is used in two ways: as the generic title for all grades of general officer and as a specific rank. It originates in the 16th century, as a shortening of ''captain general'', which rank was taken from Middle French ''capitaine général''. The adjective ''general'' had been affixed to officer designations since the late medieval period to indicate relative superiority or an extended jurisdiction. Today, the title of ''general'' is known in some countries as a four-star rank. However, different countries use different systems of stars or other insignia for senior ranks. It has a NATO rank sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceire Cion
Ceire Cion ( he, צעירי ציון, "Youth of Zion"), sometimes called the Zionist Party or Ethnic Socialist Party, was a centre-left Jewish political party in Latvia during the inter-war period. It was led by jurist Max Lazerson. The party combined the ideas of Zionism and democratic socialism. One of the party's goals was to create a Jewish state in Palestine. History The party won a single seat in the 1920 Constitutional Assembly elections.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1137 It retained its seat in the 1922, 1925 and 1928 elections, but missed out on a seat in the 1931 elections by 50 votes. Later in 1931 it merged with the Latvian Organisation of Zionist Socialists to form the Zionist-Socialist Party., In: ''Latvijas ebreju kopiena: Vēsture, traģēdija, atdzimšana'' (''The Jewish Community of Latvia: History, Tragedy, Revival''), , 2001, ,English translation See also *Tze'irei Zion *History of the Jews in Latvia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labour League Of Latvia
The Labour League of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Darba Savienība) was a political party in Latvia. It existed from 1925 until 1934, when all political parties in Latvia were dissolved following a coup d'état. Its political orientation was centre-left, to the left of the Democratic Centre and to the right of the Union of Social Democrats – Mensheviks and Rural Workers. Elections The Labour League of Latvia first participated in the 1925 parliamentary elections, receiving 0.76% of the vote and failing to win a seat. In the 1928 elections, it received 1.38% of the vote and won one seat, which went to Kārlis Balodis. Balodis died on 13 January 1931, during the session of the 3rd Saeima, and his seat was filled by Pēteris Zālīte. In the 1931 elections the Labour League of Latvia received 0.92% of the vote and retained its one seat, which went to Pēteris Zālīte. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agudas Israel (Latvia)
Agudas Israel (Hebrew for "Union of Israel") was a political party in Latvia in the inter-war period. Primarily a party of the Orthodox Jews, it was the most conservative of the Jewish parties in the country, seeking to limit the power of state monopolies. It was led by Mordehai Dubin.Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p448 History The party first contested national elections in 1922, when it won two seats in the 1st Saeima.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1143 It retained both seats in the 2nd Saeima after the 1925 elections, but was reduced to one seat in the 1928 elections. The 1931 elections saw the party win two seats in the 4th Saeima. However, after the 1934 Latvian coup d'état multi-party elections were not held again until 1990. See also *History of the Jews in Latvia *Ceire Cion Ceire Cion ( he, צעירי ציון, "Youth of Zion"), sometimes called the Zionist Party or Eth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish-Catholic Latvian Union Of Poles
The Polish-Catholic Latvian Union of Poles ( lv, Poļu-katoļu Latvijas poļu savienība, ) was a political party in Latvia during the inter-war period. It was led by (''Jan Wierzbicki''). History The party was established in 1917.Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p458 The party first contested national elections alone in 1925,Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1132 when it won two seats in the 2nd Saeima after the parliamentary elections that year. It retained both seats in the 1928 elections, but saw its vote share fall from 1.7% to 0.4% in the 1931 elections, as it lost its representation in the Saeima The Saeima () is the parliament of the Latvia, Republic of Latvia. It is a unicameral parliament consisting of 100 members who are elected by proportional representation, with seats allocated to political parties which gain at least 5% of the po ....Nohlen & Stöver, p1143 References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party Of The Orthodox
The Party of the Orthodox was a political party in Latvia during the inter-war period. Primarily representing Russian Orthodox peasants in Latgale, it was led by Archbishop Jānis Pommers Archbishop John ( lv, Аrhibīskaps Jānis, russian: Архиепископ Иоанн, secular name Jānis Pommers or Ivan Andreyevich Pommer, russian: Иван Андреевич Поммер; 6 (18) January 1876 – 29 September (12 October) ....Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, pp459–460 History The party won two seats in the 1925 elections, retaining both in the 1928 elections. It was reduced to a single seat in the 1931 elections. Ideology The party's ideology was focused on the 1920 land reforms and attempts to revise them in favour of their supporters. References {{Latvian political parties Defunct political parties in Latvia Eastern Orthodox political parties Eastern Orthodoxy in Latvia Russian political parties in Latvia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Union (Latvia)
The National Union ( lv, Nacionālā apvienība, NA) was a far-right political party in Latvia during the inter-war period.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1104 It was led by Arveds Bergs.Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p450 History The party was established in 1919, and contested the 1922 elections as the Non-Partisan Independent Centre (''Bezpartijiskais nacionālais centrs''), winning four seats in the 1st Saeima. Prior to the 1925 elections the party became the National Union, before going on to win three seats in the 2nd Saeima. The 1928 elections saw the party reduced to two seats, with both being lost in the 1931 elections. The party ceased to exist after 15 May 1934 Latvian coup d'état, when all political parties were banned following a self coup by Prime Minister Kārlis Ulmanis. Ideology The party represented conservative parts of the commercial, professional and industrial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Believers
Old Believers or Old Ritualists, ''starovery'' or ''staroobryadtsy'' are Eastern Orthodox Christians who maintain the liturgical and ritual practices of the Russian Orthodox Church as they were before the reforms of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow between 1652 and 1666. Resisting the accommodation of Russian piety to the contemporary forms of Greek Orthodox worship, these Christians were anathematized, together with their ritual, in a Synod of 1666–67, producing a division in Eastern Europe between the Old Believers and those who followed the state church in its condemnation of the Old Rite. Russian speakers refer to the schism itself as ''raskol'' (), etymologically indicating a "cleaving-apart". Introduction In 1652, Patriarch Nikon (1605–1681; patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church from 1652 to 1658) introduced a number of ritual and textual revisions with the aim of achieving uniformity between the practices of the Russian and Greek Orthodox churches. Nikon, having notice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latgalian Farmer-Labour Party
The Latgalian Farmer-Labour Party, also known as the Latgalian Progressive Farmers, was a political party in Latvia during the inter-war period. The party contested elections in an alliance with several other parties under the name United List of Latgalian Small Landless Farmers and Latgalian Labour Party. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1130 It was led by Jezups Trasuns. History The party first contested national elections in 1922, when it won four seats in the parliamentary elections that year. It was reduced to two seats in 2nd Saeima after 1925 elections, but won three seats in the 1928 elections. The 1931 elections saw the party win five seats in the 4th Saeima. Ideology The party supported radical land reform, including land distribution without compensation for former landowners. Like other parties in Latgale, it took an anti-Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pauls Kalniņš
Pauls Kalniņš (3 March 1872, in Vilce Parish – 26 August 1945, in Lustenau, Austria) was a Latvian physician and politician ( LSDSP), a long-term Speaker of the Saeima, one of the signatories of the Memorandum of the Central Council of Latvia in 17 March 1944, and was the Acting President of Latvia (1927, 1944–1945). Personal life Pauls Kalniņš was born on 3 March 1872 (from other sources – 3 April) at the Vilce Parish "Mazpečuļos" as a farmer's son. After graduating from the local parish school, he studied at Liepāja Gymnasium, where he met such later statesmen such as Miķelis Valters and Jānis Jansons-Brauns. He graduated from the gymnasium in 1892 and went to study natural sciences at Moscow University, but later moved to the University of Tartu, where he studied medicine, obtaining a medical degree as a Doctor of Medicine in 1898. He met his wife, Klāra Kalniņa, in 1895, and married her three years after. Political career As a member of the Pīkalkalo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
