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3-Chloromethcathinone
3-Chloromethcathinone (also known as 3-CMC and clophedrone) is a stimulant drug of the cathinone class that has been sold online as a designer drug, mainly in European countries such as Ireland, Italy, Poland and Sweden. The pharmacology of 3-CMC is unknown, though it is probably a dopamine and serotonin releasing agent. Its chemical structure bears some resemblance to bupropion, but more closely resembles para-Chloromethamphetamine which is neurotoxic. Studies in mice indicate 3-CMC is neurotoxic Legality As of October 2015 3-CMC is a controlled substance in China. As of April 2019 it is classified as a dangerous and prohibited drug in Sweden. See also * 3-Fluoromethcathinone * 3-Fluoromethamphetamine * 3-Methylmethcathinone * 3-Chloromethamphetamine * 4-Chloromethcathinone * 5-Cl-bk-MPA 5-Chloro-β-keto-methiopropamine (5-Cl-βk-MPA) is a recreational designer drug with stimulant effects. It is a substituted cathinone derivative with a thiophene core, closely relat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-Chloromethcathinone
4-Chloromethcathinone (also known as 4-CMC and Clephedrone) is a stimulant drug of the cathinone class that has been sold online as a designer drug. The exact pharmacology of 4-CMC is unknown, though it is probably a dopamine and serotonin releasing agent. It's chemical structure closely resembles para-Chloromethamphetamine and studies involving mice indicate that it is neurotoxic. Legality Clephedrone is an Anlage I controlled drug in Germany. Sweden's public health agency suggested classifying 4-Chloromethcathinone (klefedron) as illegal narcotic on June 1, 2015. As of October 2015 4-CMC is a controlled substance in China. 4-CMC is considered a Schedule 1 substance in Virginia. In December 2019, the UNODC announced scheduling recommendations placing 4-CMC into Schedule II. See also * 3-Chloromethcathinone * 3-Methylmethcathinone * 4-Bromomethcathinone * 4-Chloroamphetamine * 4-Cl-3-MMC * 4Cl-PVP * 4-Ethylmethcathinone * 4-Methylmethcathinone Mephedrone, also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Cathinone
Substituted cathinones, which include some stimulants and entactogens, are derivatives of cathinone. They feature a phenethylamine core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon, and a ketone group attached to the beta carbon, along with additional substitutions. Cathinone occurs naturally in the plant khat whose leaves are chewed as a recreational drug. List of substituted cathinones The derivatives may be produced by substitutions at four locations of the cathinone molecule: * R1 = hydrogen, or any combination of one or more alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenedioxy, haloalkyl or halide substituents * R2 = hydrogen or any alkyl group * R3 = hydrogen, any alkyl group, or incorporation in a cyclic structure * R4 = hydrogen, any alkyl group, or incorporation in a cyclic structure The following table displays notable derivatives that have been reported: Legality On 2 April 2010, the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs in the UK announced that a broad structure-based ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-Chloromethamphetamine
3-Chloromethamphetamine (3-CMA) is a substituted amphetamine derivative invented in the 1960s. In animal studies it was deemed to be a "hallucinogen" rather than a stimulant, though the assays used at the time did not distinguish between the compounds now termed psychedelics and those now termed empathogens. See also * 3-Chloromethcathinone * 4-Chloromethamphetamine * 3-Fluoromethamphetamine * 3-Methoxymethamphetamine * 5-Cl-bk-MPA * Fenfluramine Fenfluramine, sold under the brand name Fintepla, is a serotonergic medication used for the treatment of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome.https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/212102s003l ... References Chlorobenzenes Designer drugs Methamphetamines Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-Cl-bk-MPA
5-Chloro-β-keto-methiopropamine (5-Cl-βk-MPA) is a recreational designer drug with stimulant effects. It is a substituted cathinone derivative with a thiophene core, closely related to better known drugs such as βk-Methiopropamine and mephedrene. It was first identified in Hungary in 2017, and was made illegal in Hungary in 2018, and in Italy in 2020. See also * 3-Chloromethamphetamine 3-Chloromethamphetamine (3-CMA) is a substituted amphetamine derivative invented in the 1960s. In animal studies it was deemed to be a "hallucinogen" rather than a stimulant, though the assays used at the time did not distinguish between the comp ... * 3-Chloromethcathinone References Cathinones Designer drugs Thiophenes Chloroarenes {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cathinones
Substituted cathinones, which include some stimulants and entactogens, are derivatives of cathinone. They feature a phenethylamine core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon, and a ketone group attached to the beta carbon, along with additional substitutions. Cathinone occurs naturally in the plant khat whose leaves are chewed as a recreational drug. List of substituted cathinones The derivatives may be produced by substitutions at four locations of the cathinone molecule: * R1 = hydrogen, or any combination of one or more alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenedioxy, haloalkyl or halide substituents * R2 = hydrogen or any alkyl group * R3 = hydrogen, any alkyl group, or incorporation in a cyclic structure * R4 = hydrogen, any alkyl group, or incorporation in a cyclic structure The following table displays notable derivatives that have been reported: Legality On 2 April 2010, the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs in the UK announced that a broad structure-based b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrochloride
In chemistry, a hydrochloride is an acid salt resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base (e.g. an amine). An alternative name is chlorhydrate, which comes from French. An archaic alternative name is muriate, derived from hydrochloric acid's ancient name: muriatic acid. Uses Converting amines into their hydrochlorides is a common way to improve their water solubility, which can be desirable for substances used in medications. The European Pharmacopoeia lists more than 200 hydrochlorides as active ingredients in medications. These hydrochlorides, compared to free bases, may more readily dissolve in the gastrointestinal tract and be absorbed into the bloodstream more quickly. Additionally, many hydrochlorides of amines have a longer shelf-life than their respective free bases. Amine hydrochlorides represent latent forms of a more reactive free base. In this regard, formation of an amine hydrochloride confers protection. This ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stimulant
Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body, drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have sympathomimetic effects. Stimulants are widely used throughout the world as prescription medicines as well as without a prescription (either legally or illicitly) as performance-enhancing or recreational drugs. Among narcotics, stimulants produce a noticeable crash or '' comedown'' at the end of their effects. The most frequently prescribed stimulants as of 2013 were lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), methylphenidate (Ritalin), and amphetamine (Adderall). It was estimated in 2015 that the percentage of the world population that had used cocaine during a year was 0.4%. For the category "amphetamines and prescription stimulants" (with "amphetamines" including amphetamine and methamphetamine) the value was 0.7%, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Designer Drug
A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, while avoiding classification as illegal and/or detection in standard drug tests. Designer drugs include psychoactive substances that have been designated by the European Union as new psychoactive substances (NPS) as well as analogs of performance-enhancing drugs such as designer steroids. Some of these were originally synthesized by academic or industrial researchers in an effort to discover more potent derivatives with fewer side effects, and shorter duration (and possibly also because it is easier to apply for patents for new molecules) and were later co-opted for recreational use. Other designer drugs were prepared for the first time in clandestine laboratories. Because the efficacy and safety of these substances have not been thoroughly evaluated in animal and human trials, the use of some of these drugs may result ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bupropion
Bupropion, sold under the brand names Wellbutrin and Zyban among others, is an atypical antidepressant primarily used to treat major depressive disorder and to support smoking cessation. It is also popular as an add-on medication in the cases of "incomplete response" to the first-line selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant. Bupropion has several features that distinguish it from other antidepressants: it does not usually cause sexual dysfunction; it is not associated with weight gain and sleepiness, and it is more effective than SSRIs at improving symptoms of hypersomnia and fatigue. Bupropion does, however, carry a much higher risk of seizure than many other antidepressants and extreme caution must be taken in patients with a history of seizure disorder. Common adverse effects of bupropion with the greatest difference from placebo are dry mouth, nausea, constipation, insomnia, anxiety, tremor, and excessive sweating. Raised blood pressure is notable ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Para-Chloromethamphetamine
''para''-Chloromethamphetamine (also known as 4-chloromethamphetamine and 4-CMA) is a stimulant that is the ''N''-methyl derivative and prodrug of the neurotoxic drug ''para''-chloroamphetamine (4-CA). It has been found to decrease serotonin in rats. Further investigation into the long-term effects of chloroamphetamines discovered that administration of 4-CMA caused a prolonged reduction in the levels of serotonin and the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase in the brain one month after injection of a single dose of the drug. Another study on rats found that 4-chloromethamphetamine was more potent at inducing conditioned taste aversion than methamphetamine. 4-Chloromethamphetamine was further investigated in the 1960s along with 4-CA and it was noted that they differed from their parent amphetamine and methamphetamine substances by exhibiting only a slight central stimulant effect in both animals and humans and that they acted like antidepressants rather than stimulants. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-Fluoromethcathinone
3-Fluoromethcathinone (also known as 3-FMC) is a chemical compound of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and cathinone classes that has been sold online as a designer drug. It is a structural isomer of flephedrone (4-fluoromethcathinone). 3-Fluoro''iso''methcathinone is produced as a by-product when 3-FMC is synthesized, the activity of this compound is unknown.Two cases of confirmed ingestion of the novel designer compounds: 4-methylmethcathinone (Mephedrone) and 3-fluoromethcathinone Susannah Davies ''et al.'' Effects This chemical's effects and safety have not been studied scientifically.Legal status In the United States, 3-FMC is[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-Fluoromethamphetamine
3-Fluoromethamphetamine (3-FMA) is a stimulant drug related to methamphetamine and 3-fluoroamphetamine. It has been sold online as a designer drug. Legal Status Canada As of 1996, 3-FMA is a controlled substance in Canada, due to being an analog of methamphetamine. China As of October 2015, 3-FMA is a controlled substance in China. United States As a close analog of scheduled controlled substance, sale or possession of 3-FMA could be potentially be prosecuted under the Federal Analogue Act. See also * 2-Fluoroamphetamine * 2-Fluoromethamphetamine * 3-Fluoroamphetamine * 3-Fluoroethamphetamine * 3-Fluoromethcathinone * 4-Fluoroamphetamine * 4-Fluoromethamphetamine 4-Fluoromethamphetamine (4-FMA) is a stimulant drug related to methamphetamine and 4-fluoroamphetamine. It has been reported to be sold as a designer drug, but little is known about its pharmacology or toxicology. It was first detected from lega ... * 3-Chloromethamphetamine References Des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
