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3-Chloropyridine
3-Chloropyridine is an organohalide with the formula C5H4ClN. It is a colorless liquid that is mainly used as a building block in organic synthesis. The compound is a substrate for many coupling processes including the Heck reaction, Suzuki reaction, and Ullmann reaction. Related compounds * 3-Bromopyridine 3-Bromopyridine is an organohalide with the formula C5H4BrN. It is a colorless liquid that is mainly used as a building block in organic synthesis. It participates as a substrate in many reactions associated with aryl halides, e.g., the Heck re ... * 2-Chloropyridine References {{DEFAULTSORT:Chloropyridine, 3- Chloropyridines 3-Pyridyl compounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-Bromopyridine
3-Bromopyridine is an organohalide with the formula C5H4BrN. It is a colorless liquid that is mainly used as a building block in organic synthesis. It participates as a substrate in many reactions associated with aryl halides, e.g., the Heck reaction The Heck reaction (also called the Mizoroki–Heck reaction) is the chemical reaction of an unsaturated halide (or triflate) with an alkene in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst (or palladium nanomaterial-based catalyst) to form a s ... and Buchwald-Hartwig coupling. Related compounds * 3-Chloropyridine * 2-Bromopyridine References 3-Pyridyl compounds Bromoarenes {{DEFAULTSORT:Bromopyridine, 3- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organohalide
Halocarbon compounds are chemicals in which one or more carbon atoms are linked by covalent bonds with one or more halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine – ) resulting in the formation of organofluorine compounds, organochlorine compounds, organobromine compounds, and organoiodine compounds. Chlorine halocarbons are the most common and are called organochlorides. Many synthetic organic compounds such as plastic polymers, and a few natural ones, contain halogen atoms; they are known as ''halogenated'' compounds or ''organohalogens''. Organochlorides are the most common industrially used organohalides, although the other organohalides are used commonly in organic synthesis. Except for extremely rare cases, organohalides are not produced biologically, but many pharmaceuticals are organohalides. Notably, many pharmaceuticals such as Prozac have trifluoromethyl groups. For information on inorganic halide chemistry, see halide. Chemical families Halocarbons are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heck Reaction
The Heck reaction (also called the Mizoroki–Heck reaction) is the chemical reaction of an unsaturated halide (or triflate) with an alkene in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst (or palladium nanomaterial-based catalyst) to form a substituted alkene. It is named after Tsutomu Mizoroki and Richard F. Heck. Heck was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which he shared with Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki, for the discovery and development of this reaction. This reaction was the first example of a carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction that followed a Pd(0)/Pd(II) catalytic cycle, the same catalytic cycle that is seen in other Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The Heck reaction is a way to substitute alkenes. History The original reaction by Tsutomu Mizoroki (1971) describes the coupling between iodobenzene and styrene in methanol to form stilbene at 120 °C (autoclave) with potassium acetate base and palladium chloride catalysis. This work was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suzuki Reaction
The Suzuki reaction is an organic reaction, classified as a cross-coupling reaction, where the coupling partners are a boronic acid and an organohalide and the catalyst is a palladium, palladium(0) complex. It was first published in 1979 by Akira Suzuki (chemist), Akira Suzuki, and he shared the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Richard F. Heck and Ei-ichi Negishi for their contribution to the discovery and development of palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings in organic synthesis. This reaction is also known as the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction or simply as the Suzuki coupling. It is widely used to organic synthesis, synthesize polyolefins, styrenes, and substituted biphenyls. Several reviews have been published describing advancements and the development of the Suzuki reaction. The general scheme for the Suzuki reaction is shown below, where a carbon-carbon single bond is formed by coupling a halide (R1-X) with an organoboron species (R2-BY2) using a palladium catalyst and a base (chemi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ullmann Reaction
The Ullmann reaction or Ullmann coupling is a coupling reaction between aryl halides. Traditionally this reaction is effected by copper, but palladium and nickel are also effective catalysts. The reaction is named after Fritz Ullmann. Mechanism The mechanism of the Ullmann reaction is extensively studied. Complications arise because the reactions are often heterogeneous. With copper as the halide acceptor, organocopper intermediates are invoked. Scope A typical example of classic Ullmann biaryl coupling is the conversion of ''ortho''-chloronitrobenzene into 2,2'-dinitrobiphenyl with a copper - bronze alloy. : : The traditional version of the Ullmann reaction requires harsh reaction conditions, and the reaction has a reputation for erratic yields. Because of these problems many improvements and alternative procedures have been introduced. The classical Ullmann reaction is limited to electron deficient aryl halides and requires harsh reaction conditions. Modern variants of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
