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2–3 Heap
In computer science, a 2–3 heap is a data structure, a variation on the heap, designed by Tadao Takaoka in 1999. The structure is similar to the Fibonacci heap, and borrows from the 2–3 tree. Time costs for some common heap operations are: * ''Delete-min'' takes O(\log(n)) amortized time In computer science, amortized analysis is a method for analyzing a given algorithm's complexity, or how much of a resource, especially time or memory, it takes to execute. The motivation for amortized analysis is that looking at the worst-case .... * ''Decrease-key'' takes constant amortized time. * ''Insertion'' takes constant amortized time. Polynomial of trees A linear tree of size r is a sequential path of r nodes with the first node as a root of the tree and it is represented by a bold \mathbf (e.g. \mathbf is a linear tree of a single node). Product P = ST of two trees S and T, is a new tree with every node of S is replaced by a copy of T and for each edge of S we connect the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Computer Science
Computer science is the study of computation, automation, and information. Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, information theory, and automation) to Applied science, practical disciplines (including the design and implementation of Computer architecture, hardware and Computer programming, software). Computer science is generally considered an area of research, academic research and distinct from computer programming. Algorithms and data structures are central to computer science. The theory of computation concerns abstract models of computation and general classes of computational problem, problems that can be solved using them. The fields of cryptography and computer security involve studying the means for secure communication and for preventing Vulnerability (computing), security vulnerabilities. Computer graphics (computer science), Computer graphics and computational geometry address the generation of images. Progr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Data Structure
In computer science, a data structure is a data organization, management, and storage format that is usually chosen for efficient access to data. More precisely, a data structure is a collection of data values, the relationships among them, and the functions or operations that can be applied to the data, i.e., it is an algebraic structure about data. Usage Data structures serve as the basis for abstract data types (ADT). The ADT defines the logical form of the data type. The data structure implements the physical form of the data type. Different types of data structures are suited to different kinds of applications, and some are highly specialized to specific tasks. For example, relational databases commonly use B-tree indexes for data retrieval, while compiler implementations usually use hash tables to look up identifiers. Data structures provide a means to manage large amounts of data efficiently for uses such as large databases and internet indexing services. Usually, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heap (data Structure)
In computer science, a heap is a specialized tree-based data structure which is essentially an almost complete tree that satisfies the heap property: in a ''max heap'', for any given node C, if P is a parent node of C, then the ''key'' (the ''value'') of P is greater than or equal to the key of C. In a ''min heap'', the key of P is less than or equal to the key of C. The node at the "top" of the heap (with no parents) is called the ''root'' node. The heap is one maximally efficient implementation of an abstract data type called a priority queue, and in fact, priority queues are often referred to as "heaps", regardless of how they may be implemented. In a heap, the highest (or lowest) priority element is always stored at the root. However, a heap is not a sorted structure; it can be regarded as being partially ordered. A heap is a useful data structure when it is necessary to repeatedly remove the object with the highest (or lowest) priority, or when insertions need to be inters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tadao Takaoka
Tadao (written: 忠雄, 忠夫, 忠男, 忠生, 忠郎 or 理男) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include: *, Japanese architect *, Japanese ''daimyō'' *Tadao Baba (born 1944), Japanese motorcycle engineer *, Japanese banker *, Japanese photographer *, Japanese footballer and manager *, Japanese screenwriter and film director *, Japanese information theorist *Tadao Kikumoto, Japanese inventor and engineer *, Japanese shogi player *, Japanese footballer and manager *, Japanese photographer *, Japanese anime director *Tadao Nakamura (born 1947), Japanese golfer *, Japanese mathematician *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese film critic and theorist *, Japanese musician *, Japanese astronomer and translator *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese mathematician *, Japanese photographer *Tadao Tomomatsu, American actor *, Japanese diver *, Japanese long-distance runner *, Japanese gymnast *, Japanese anthropologist *, Japanese politician *, Japanese economist a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fibonacci Heap
In computer science, a Fibonacci heap is a data structure for priority queue operations, consisting of a collection of heap-ordered trees. It has a better amortized running time than many other priority queue data structures including the binary heap and binomial heap. Michael L. Fredman and Robert E. Tarjan developed Fibonacci heaps in 1984 and published them in a scientific journal in 1987. Fibonacci heaps are named after the Fibonacci numbers, which are used in their running time analysis. For the Fibonacci heap, the find-minimum operation takes constant ('' O''(1)) amortized time. The insert and decrease key operations also work in constant amortized time. Deleting an element (most often used in the special case of deleting the minimum element) works in ''O''(log ''n'') amortized time, where ''n'' is the size of the heap. This means that starting from an empty data structure, any sequence of ''a'' insert and decrease key operations and ''b'' delete operations would take ''O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2–3 Tree
In computer science, a 2–3 tree is a tree data structure, where every node with children (internal node) has either two children (2-node) and one data element or three children (3-nodes) and two data elements. A 2–3 tree is a B-tree of order 3. Nodes on the outside of the tree (leaf nodes) have no children and one or two data elements. 2–3 trees were invented by John Hopcroft in 1970. 2–3 trees are required to be balanced, meaning that each leaf is at the same level. It follows that each right, center, and left subtree of a node contains the same or close to the same amount of data. Definitions We say that an internal node is a 2-node if it has ''one'' data element and ''two'' children. We say that an internal node is a 3-node if it has ''two'' data elements and ''three'' children. A 4-node, with three data elements, may be temporarily created during manipulation of the tree but is never persistently stored in the tree. Image:2-3-4 tree 2-node.svg, 2 node Image:2-3-4-t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amortized Time
In computer science, amortized analysis is a method for analyzing a given algorithm's complexity, or how much of a resource, especially time or memory, it takes to execute. The motivation for amortized analysis is that looking at the worst-case run time can be too pessimistic. Instead, amortized analysis averages the running times of operations in a sequence over that sequence. As a conclusion: "Amortized analysis is a useful tool that complements other techniques such as worst-case and average-case analysis." For a given operation of an algorithm, certain situations (e.g., input parametrizations or data structure contents) may imply a significant cost in resources, whereas other situations may not be as costly. The amortized analysis considers both the costly and less costly operations together over the whole sequence of operations. This may include accounting for different types of input, length of the input, and other factors that affect its performance. History Amortized ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
