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213th Coastal Division (Italy)
The 213th Coastal Division ( it, 213ª Divisione Costiera) was an infantry Division (military), division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. Royal Italian Army coastal divisions were second line divisions formed with reservists and equipped with second rate materiel. Recruited locally, they were often commanded by officers called out of retirement.Jowett p 6 History The division was activated on 15 November 1941 in Catania and assigned to XVI Army Corps (Italy), XVI Army Corps, which was responsible for the defense of the eastern half of the island of Sicily. The division was responsible for the Coastal defence and fortification, coastal defense of the coast between Punta Castelluccio in Agnone Bagni and Moleti south of Messina. The division fought against units of the British Eighth Army (United Kingdom), Eighth Army after the Allied invasion of Sicily, allies landed on Sicily on 10 July 1943. By 15 July 1943 the division had been severely decimated and was therefore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Italy (1861-1946)
The Kingdom of Italy ( it, Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to an institutional referendum to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic. The state resulted from a decades-long process, the ''Risorgimento'', of consolidating the different states of the Italian Peninsula into a single state. That process was influenced by the Savoy-led Kingdom of Sardinia, which can be considered Italy's legal predecessor state. Italy declared war on Austria in alliance with Prussia in 1866 and received the region of Veneto following their victory. Italian troops entered Rome in 1870, ending more than one thousand years of Papal temporal power. Italy entered into a Triple Alliance with the German Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1882, following strong disagreements with France about their respective colonial expansions. Although relations with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eighth Army (United Kingdom)
The Eighth Army was an Allied field army formation of the British Army during the Second World War, fighting in the North African and Italian campaigns. Units came from Australia, British India, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Free French Forces, Greece, New Zealand, Poland, Rhodesia, South Africa and the United Kingdom. Significant formations which passed through the Army included V Corps, X Corps, XIII Corps, XXX Corps, I Canadian Corps and the II Polish Corps. History North Africa The Eighth Army first went into action as an Army as part of Operation Crusader, the Allied operation to relieve the besieged city of Tobruk, on 17 November 1941, when it crossed the Egyptian frontier into Libya to attack Erwin Rommel's Panzer Army Africa. On 26 November the Commander-in-Chief Middle East Command, General Claude Auchinleck, replaced Cunningham with Major-General Neil Ritchie, following disagreements between Auchinleck and Cunningham. Despite achieving a number of tactical su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azzo Passalacqua
Azzo Passalacqua (2 July 1885 – 7 September 1967) was an Italian general during World War II. Biography He was born in 1885 in the province of Rieti, the son of Anastasio Passalacqua. He attended the Military Academy of Modena in 1907-1908, graduating with the rank of second lieutenant, assigned to the 2nd Bersaglieri Regiment. He participated in the First World War fighting in the Carnic Alps, on the Karst Plateau, on the Piave river and on Monte Grappa, earning a Silver Medal of Military Valor and reaching the rank of major. On June 16, 1934, Passalacqua was promoted to colonel and assigned to the headquarters of the 21st Infantry Division Granatieri di Sardegna in Rome. In October 1939 he was briefly attached to the Fast Army Corps. After the outbreak of the Second World War he held the command of the 4th Coastal Brigade Sector in Sardinia from 1 April to 31 July 1941 and then of the 8th Coastal Brigade Sector in Sicily from 1 August to 14 November 1941. From 15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazzareno Scattaglia
Nazzareno Scattaglia (Santeramo in Colle, 24 December 1887 – Rome, 16 January 1975) was an Italian general during World War II. Biography He enlisted in the Royal Italian Army in 1908 and enrolled in the Military Academy of Modena, graduating on 17 September 1910 as second lieutenant, assigned to the 19th Infantry Regiment "Brescia". He fought with the rank of lieutenant during the Italo-Turkish War, earning a Bronze Medal of Military Valour, and then as captain and later as major during the First World War, commanding the 1st Battalion of the 19th Infantry Regiment, "Brescia" Infantry Brigade, from 1 July 1917 to 1 July 1918. In the later part of the war he was part of the Italian II Corps fighting on the Western Front, and participated in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. After serving as staff officer, he was promoted to colonel on 1 January 1936 and given command of the 50th Infantry Regiment "Parma" and later of the Chemical Regiment, until 31 August 1941. On 1 October 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Ranks Of The Kingdom Of Italy
The Military ranks of the Kingdom of Italy were the military insignia used by the Italian Armed Forces when Italy was the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946). During the World war, World Wars, the Carabinieri, as the then-most senior corps of the Army, wore similar insignia to those used by the rest of the service. Royal Italian Army Commissioned officer ranks The rank insignia of commissioned officers. Other ranks The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and Enlisted rank, enlisted personnel. Royal Italian Navy Commissioned officer ranks The rank insignia of commissioned officers. Other ranks The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and Enlisted rank, enlisted personnel. Royal Italian Air Force Commissioned officer ranks The rank insignia of commissioned officers. Other ranks The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and Enlisted rank, enlisted personnel. Blackshirts Commissioned officer ranks The rank insignia of commissioned officers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cannone-Mitragliera Da 20/77 (Scotti)
The Cannone-Mitragliera da 20/77 (Scotti) was a 20 mm anti-aircraft gun produced by the Scotti company in Italy, used in World War II, firing a 20x138mmB cartridge. History The Italian army had two standard 20 mm anti-aircraft weapons during World War II. One was the Breda Breda () is a city and municipality in the southern part of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Brabant. The name derived from ''brede Aa'' ('wide Aa' or 'broad Aa') and refers to the confluence of the rivers Mark and Aa. Breda has ... and the other was the Cannone-Mitragliera da 20/77 (Scotti) which was first designed in 1932 and produced by the Swiss Oerlikon company. They originally used a 60-round drum that was eventually discarded in favor of 12 round trays for the ammunition. Compared to the Breda, the Scotti was a far simpler weapon. It resembled the Oerlikon in some respects, but used a different mechanism. The Scotti was easier to manufacture than the Breda, but despite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cannon 102/35 Model 1914
The Cannon 102/35 Model 1914 was a naval gun of the Royal Italian Navy in World War I and World War II, which was modified for shore based anti-aircraft, field artillery, railway gun and coastal artillery roles. History The Cannon 102/35 Model 1914 was a licensed variant of a British QF 4-inch naval gun Mk V. These guns had hand elevation and traverse, had either vertical or horizontal semi-automatic sliding breech block mechanisms and used fixed quick fire ammunition. The naval version was produced in four different models, manufactured by Ansaldo or Vickers and was mounted on three different types of mount. :102/35 variants: :* Schneider Model 1914 - Single pedestal mount, left hand traverse & elevation and semi-automatic breech. :* Schneider-Ansaldo Model 1914 - Single pedestal mount, right hand traverse & elevation and semi-automatic breech. :* Schneider-Ansaldo-Vickers Model 1914-1915 - Single mount, center pivot, semi-automatic breech, with elevation increased to 80° ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armored Train
An armoured train is a railway train protected with armour. Armoured trains usually include railway wagons armed with artillery, machine guns and autocannons. Some also had slits used to fire small arms from the inside of the train, a facility especially prevalent in earlier armoured trains. For the most part they were used during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when they offered an innovative way to quickly move large amounts of firepower. Most countries discontinued their use – road vehicles became much more powerful and offered more flexibility, and train tracks proved too vulnerable to sabotage and attacks from the air. However, the Russian Federation used improvised armoured trains in the Second Chechen War of 1999–2009 and the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Armoured trains were usually fighting systems, equipped with heavy weapons such as artillery. An exception was the US "White Train", the Department of Energy Nuclear Weapons Transport Train, armoured ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mortar (weapon)
A mortar is usually a simple, lightweight, man-portable, muzzle-loaded weapon, consisting of a smooth-bore (although some models use a rifled barrel) metal tube fixed to a base plate (to spread out the recoil) with a lightweight bipod mount and a sight. They launch explosive shells (technically called bombs) in high-arcing ballistic trajectories. Mortars are typically used as indirect fire weapons for close fire support with a variety of ammunition. History Mortars have been used for hundreds of years. The earliest mortars were used in Korea in a 1413 naval battle when Korean gunsmiths developed the ''wan'gu'' (gourd-shaped mortar) (완구, 碗口). The earliest version of the ''wan'gu'' dates back to 1407. Choi Hae-san (최해산, 崔海山) (1380–1443), the son of Choe Mu-seon (최무선, 崔茂宣) (1325–1395), is generally credited with inventing the ''wan'gu''. In the Ming dynasty, general Qi Jiguang recorded the use of a mini cannon called the Hu dun pao that was simi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
81/14 Model 35 Mortar
The 81/14 Model 35 Mortar was an Italian World War II infantry mortar. It was the standard weapon of the Italian Army during the war, of typical Brandt-system construction, but relatively lightweight, with good range and considered very successful. The weapon used two kinds of ammunition, a heavy high-explosive shell weighing and a lighter shell weighing for long distance fire. History Development The Royal Italian Army during the Great War had employed, alongside the various models of grenade launchers and mortars, the innovative mortar ML 3 inch Stokes. In the early thirties the Kingdom of Italy bought the Brandt 81 mm Mle 1927 directly in France, derived from the Stokes, to equip the troops sent to Ethiopia. Trials concluded that the Brandt was so great a weapon that, in addition to having a significant commercial success, in a few years was built under license or copied in most of the major countries of the world. Even in Italy in fact the company Costruzioni Elettr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cannone Da 75/27 Modello 06
The Cannone da 75/27 modello 06 was a field gun used by Italy during World War I and World War II. It was a license-built copy of the Krupp Kanone M 1906 gun. It had seats for two crewmen attached to the gunshield as was common practice for the period. Captured weapons were designated by the Wehrmacht during World War II as the 7.5 cm Feldkanone 237(i). Variants Special fortress versions were produced as the Cannone da 75/27 modello 06 in Casmatta and Caverna. These had different carriages suitable for static use. The Cannone da 75/27 A.V. was mounted on a high-angle pedestal mount for anti-aircraft use was produced, and these were assigned to coastal defense and second line units during World War II. In 1915, the anti-aircraft version formed the basis of Italy's first truck mounted artillery, called the Autocannone da 75/27 CK. Eventually, twenty-seven batteries of five guns were formed during World War I. Between the wars, many guns were modernized for tractor-towin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carabinieri
The Carabinieri (, also , ; formally ''Arma dei Carabinieri'', "Arm of Carabineers"; previously ''Corpo dei Carabinieri Reali'', "Royal Carabineers Corps") are the national gendarmerie of Italy who primarily carry out domestic and foreign policing duties. It is one of Italy's main law enforcement agencies, alongside the Polizia di Stato and the Guardia di Finanza. As with the Guardia di Finanza but in contrast to the Polizia di Stato, the Carabinieri are a military force. As the fourth branch of the Italian Armed Forces, they come under the authority of the Ministry of Defence; for activities related to inland public order and security, they functionally depend on the Ministry of the Interior. In practice, there is a significant overlap between the jurisdiction of the Polizia di Stato and Carabinieri, although both of them are contactable through 112, the European Union's Single Emergency number. Unlike the Polizia di Stato, the Carabinieri have responsibility for policing the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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