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2016 Estonian Presidential Election
An indirect election took place in Estonia in 2016 to elect the president of Estonia, who is the country's head of state. The Riigikogu — the Parliament of Estonia — elected Kersti Kaljulaid to be the next head of state of Estonia to succeed Toomas Hendrik Ilves, who had served his second and final term as president (as he was term-limited). Kaljulaid is the first female head of state of Estonia. Somewhat unusually, Kaljulaid was elected president only after other candidates could not be elected in three rounds of parliamentary voting and two rounds of voting by an electoral college consisting of members of Parliament and representatives of local governments of Estonia. Process By law, the president of Estonia is indirectly elected. The Riigikogu (Parliament) has the task of electing the president in the first instance. If no candidate received the required supermajority of two-thirds (68 votes out of 101), the president is selected by an electoral college consisting of MPs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kersti Kaljulaid - 2018 (cropped)
Kersti is mainly an Estonian feminine given name. People named Kersti include: * Kersti Bergroth (1886–1975), Finnish author and playwright * Kersti Börjars (born 1960), Swedish linguistics scholar * Kersti Heinloo (born 1976), Estonian actress * Kersti Juva (born 1948), Finnish translator * Kersti Kreismann (born 1947), Estonian actress * Kersti Kaljulaid (born 1969), Estonian politician, fifth President of Estonia * Kersti Merilaas (1913–1986), Estonian poet and translator * Kersti Sarapuu (born 1954), Estonian politician Fictional characters named Kersti include: * Kersti, Mario's main companion in the 2012 video game '' Paper Mario: Sticker Star'' See also * Kirsti, a given name * Kirsty Kirsty or Kirstie is a feminine given name and nickname. It is a Scottish diminutive of Christine in English-speaking countries and is also linked to Kirsten — the Scandinavian version of Christine. People * Kirstie Alley (1951–2022), Ame ..., a given name References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toomas Hendrik Ilves
Toomas Hendrik Ilves (; born 26 December 1953) is an Estonian politician who served as the fourth president of Estonia from 2006 until 2016. Ilves worked as a diplomat and journalist, and he was the leader of the Social Democratic Party in the 1990s. He served in the government as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1996 to 1998 and again from 1999 to 2002. Later, he was a Member of the European Parliament from 2004 to 2006. He was elected as President of Estonia by an electoral college on 23 September 2006 and his term as President began on 9 October 2006. He was reelected by Parliament in 2011. Early life and education Ilves was born in Stockholm, Sweden; his parents Endel Ilves (1923–1991) and Irene Ilves (''née'' Rebane; 1925–2018) fled Estonia after its occupation by the Soviet Union during World War II. His maternal grandmother was a Russian from Saint Petersburg. He grew up in the United States in Leonia, New Jersey, and graduated from Leonia High School in 1972 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mart Helme
Mart Helme (, born 31 October 1949) is an Estonian politician, diplomat and musician who served as the Minister of the Interior from 2019 to 2020. He was the long time chairman of the national conservative Conservative People's Party of Estonia (EKRE) from 13 April 2013 to 4 July 2020 when he was succeeded by his son Martin Helme. Helme also served as Estonia's ambassador to Russia from 1995 to 1999. Some media outlets have described him as a right-wing populist. Early life Mart Helme was born on 31 October 1949 in Pärnu. After graduating from high school in Pärnu in 1968, he studied history at the University of Tartu and graduated in 1973. He was the editor of the Estonian translation of "The Communist Manifesto" by Karl Marx published in 1974. In his youth, Helme played in several bands, including Hübriid (which also featured future 2 Quick Start singer-songwriter Pearu Paulus). Political career Helme joined the Estonian diplomatic service in 1994. In 1995, he was appoin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conservative People's Party Of Estonia
The Conservative People's Party of Estonia ( et, Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond, EKRE) is a national-conservative and right-wing populist political party in Estonia. It is currently led by Martin Helme. It was founded in March 2012, with the merger of People's Union of Estonia and Estonian Patriotic Movement. Its first leader, Margo Miljand, served as the chairman until 2013, when he was succeeded by Mart Helme. Its popularity remained low until late 2014, when they managed to draw supporters from the right; further, in the 2015 Estonian parliamentary election, they managed to cross the threshold. Over the years, it managed to position itself as one of the largest parties in Estonia. In the 2019 Estonian parliamentary election, they placed third, winning 19 seats in total. Mart was succeeded by his son, Martin Helme, in July 2020. Since its inception, it has been a part of the ethno-nationalist camp of parties in Estonia. Ideologically, it has been described as a right-wing, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edgar Savisaar
Edgar Savisaar (31 May 1950 – 29 December 2022) was an Estonian politician, one of the founding members of Popular Front of Estonia and the Centre Party. He served as the acting Prime Minister of Estonia, Minister of the Interior, Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications, and twice mayor of Tallinn. Early life and education Savisaar was born in the Harku Prison in 1950. His parents Elmar Savisaar (1911–1970) and Marie Savisaar née Burešin (1912–1984) were farmers from Vastse-Kuuste, Tartu County, who both had been convicted in 1949 of resisting collectivization. The events, which had culminated with physical conflict, had started when kolhoz activists came to nationalise Savisaar couple's two cows (named Marja and Oksa), a pig, a horse drawn hay rake, a spring-tooth harrow, and other farming equipment. Elmar was sentenced to 15 years and Marie to 5 years in prison. In the autumn of 1950, Marie was released from prison under an amnesty and returned to Vastse-K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siim Kallas 5
Siim is both an Estonian masculine given name and less commonly, a surname. It is sometimes a diminutive of the given names Siimon and Siimeon, cognates of the given names Simon and Simeon. Individuals bearing the name Siim include: ;Given name: *Siim Avi (born 1984), Estonian politician and lawyer *Siim Kabrits (born 1979), Estonian politician *Siim Kallas (born 1948), Estonian politician *Siim-Valmar Kiisler (born 1965), Estonian politician *Siim Liivik (born 1988), Estonian-Finnish ice hockey player *Siim Luts (born 1989), Estonian professional footballer *Siim Pohlak (born 1985), Estonian businessman and politician *Siim-Markus Post (born 1997), Estonian basketball player *Siim Roops (born 1986), Estonian professional footballer *Siim-Tanel Sammelselg (born 1993), Estonian ski-jumper *Siim Sellis (born 1987), Estonian cross-country skier *Siim Sukles (born 1972), Estonian sport figure *Siim Tenno (born 1990), Estonian football midfielder *Siim Troost (born 1999), Estonian te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pro Patria And Res Publica Union
Isamaa is a Christian-democratic and national-conservative political party in Estonia. It was founded on 4 June 2006 under the name of "Pro Patria and Res Publica Union", by the merger of two conservative parties, Pro Patria Union and Res Publica Party. Up to the 2007 parliamentary elections, the party held 32 seats out of 101 in the Riigikogu and one of Estonia's six seats in the European Parliament. The party is a member of the European People's Party (EPP). The merged party consisted of two separate boards and two party leaders, which was replaced by a unified board and leader in May 2007. The party's prime minister candidate was Mart Laar, who became a chairman of the party. In 2018, its name was changed to "Isamaa", meaning literally "Fatherland". Ideologically, it has been positioned on the centre-right or right-wing on the political spectrum, and it is economically liberal. History Pre-foundation Prior to the merger, there was an extreme drop in public support for Res Pub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allar Jõks
Allar Jõks (born 18 March 1965) is an Estonian lawyer and the former Chancellor of Justice. He was proposed to the office by President Lennart Meri and served between 2001 and 2008. He was proposed again by Toomas Hendrik Ilves in December 2007, but the Riigikogu voted against the appointment. Biography Before the 2016 presidential election, 14 public figures, including Jüri Käo, Mihhail Lotman and Peeter Volkonski, signed a letter in support of Jõks' candidacy. Following the letter, Jõks announced his intention in running for president. Two parties, Pro Patria and Res Publica Union and the Free Party, decided to support his nomination. In the first two rounds of the election, Jõks gained 25 and 21 votes in the Parliament, thus not advancing to the third round. However, as the Parliament failed to make a decision between Siim Kallas and Mailis Reps Mailis Reps (née Rand, born 13 January 1975) is an Estonian politician, a member of the Estonian Centre Party. She ser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Court Of Auditors
The European Court of Auditors (ECA; French: ''Cour des comptes européenne'') is one of the seven institutions of the European Union (EU). It was established in 1975 in Luxembourg in order to improve EU financial management. It has 27 members (1 from each EU member-state) supported by approximately 800 civil servants. History The ECA was created by the 1975 Budgetary Treaty and was formally established on 18 October 1977, holding its first session a week later. At that time the ECA was not a formal institution; it was an external body designed to audit the finances of the European Communities. It replaced two separate audit bodies, one which dealt with the finances of the European Economic Community and Euratom, and one which dealt with the European Coal and Steel Community. The ECA did not have a defined legal status until the Treaty of Maastricht when it was made the fifth institution, the first new institution since the founding of the Community. By becoming an insti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Term Limits
A term limit is a legal restriction that limits the number of terms an officeholder may serve in a particular elected office. When term limits are found in presidential and semi-presidential systems they act as a method of curbing the potential for monopoly, where a leader effectively becomes " president for life". This is intended to protect a republic from becoming a ''de facto'' dictatorship. Term limits may be applied as a lifetime limit on the number of terms an officeholder may serve, or the restrictions may be applied as a limit on the number of consecutive terms they may serve. History Europe Term limits date back to Ancient Greece and the Roman Republic, as well as the Republic of Venice. In ancient Athenian democracy, many officeholders were limited to a single term. Council members were allowed a maximum of two terms. The position of Strategos could be held for an indefinite number of terms. In the Roman Republic, a law was passed imposing a limit of a single ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riigikogu
The Riigikogu (; from Estonian ''riigi-'', of the state, and ''kogu'', assembly) is the unicameral parliament of Estonia. In addition to approving legislation, the Parliament appoints high officials, including the Prime Minister and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and elects (either alone or, if necessary, together with representatives of local government within a broader electoral college) the President. The ''Riigikogu'' also ratifies significant foreign treaties that impose military and proprietary obligations, bring about changes in the law, etc.; approves the budget presented by the government as law and monitors the executive power. History History April 23, 1919, the opening session of the Estonian Constituent Assembly is considered the founding date of the Parliament of Estonia. Established under the 1920 constitution, the Riigikogu had 100 members elected for a three year term on the basis of proportional representation. Elections were fixed for the first Sunda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Head Of State
A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and legitimacy. Depending on the country's form of government and separation of powers, the head of state may be a ceremonial figurehead or concurrently the head of government and more (such as the president of the United States, who is also commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces). In a parliamentary system, such as the United Kingdom or India, the head of state usually has mostly ceremonial powers, with a separate head of government. However, in some parliamentary systems, like South Africa, there is an executive president that is both head of state and head of government. Likewise, in some parliamentary systems the head of state is not the head of government, but still has significant powers, for example Morocco. In contrast, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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