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2013 In Arthropod Paleontology
This list of fossil arthropods described in 2013 is a list of new taxa of trilobites, fossil insects, crustaceans, arachnids and other fossil arthropods of every kind that have been described during the year 2013. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species. Arachnids Crustaceans Insects Blattaria Coleoptera Diptera Ephemeroptera Hemiptera Hymenoptera Lepidoptera Mecoptera Miomoptera Neuroptera Notoptera Odonatoptera Orthoptera Plecoptera Trichoptera Other Trilobites Others References {{Reflist, 3 Arthropod paleontology Lists of arthropods 2010s in paleontology Paleontology Paleontology (), also spelled palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present). It includes the study of fossi ... 2013 in paleontology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved in amber, hair, petrified wood and DNA remnants. The totality of fossils is known as the ''fossil record''. Paleontology is the study of fossils: their age, method of formation, and evolutionary significance. Specimens are usually considered to be fossils if they are over 10,000 years old. The oldest fossils are around 3.48 billion years old to 4.1 billion years old. Early edition, published online before print. The observation in the 19th century that certain fossils were associated with certain rock strata led to the recognition of a geological timescale and the relative ages of different fossils. The development of radiometric dating techniques in the early 20th century allowed scientists to quantitatively measure the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongolarachne
''Mongolarachne'' is an extinct genus of spiders placed in the monogeneric family Mongolarachnidae. The genus contains only one species, ''Mongolarachne jurassica'', described in 2013, which is presently the largest fossilized spider on record. The type species was originally described as ''Nephila jurassica'' and placed in the living genus ''Nephila'' which contains the golden silk orb-weavers. Subsequently it was determined to be stem-orbicularian, i.e. a relative of the group Orbiculariae, which contains the family Nephilidae, but also several other families, such as Theridiidae, Theridiosomatidae or Uloboridae. The species is known only from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation, part of the Daohugou Beds, near the village of Daohugou in Ningcheng County, northeastern China and the Yixian Formation. A second putative species, '' Mongolarachne chaoyangensis'', was described in 2019, but it was subsequently shown to be a forgery based on a fossil crayfish. Jorg W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lagonomegopidae
Lagonomegopidae is an extinct family of spiders known from the Cretaceous period. Members of the family are distinguished by a large pair of eyes, positioned on the anterolateral flanks of the carapace, with the rest of the eyes being small. They have generally been considered members of Palpimanoidea, but this has recently been questioned. Members of the family are known from the late Early Cretaceous (Albian) to near the end of the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Eurasia, North America and the Middle East, which was then attached to Africa as part of Gondwana. They are generally assumed to have been free living hunters as opposed to web builders. Diagnosis Per Guo and Selden, 2019 For the meaning of technical words, refer to the Glossary of spider terms. Relationships A phylogenetic analysis conducted in 2021 found that Lagonomegopidae formed the sister group to extant Palpimanoidea. Paleobiology Langonomegopids preserved with associated egg sacs and spiderlings indica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baltic Amber
The Baltic region is home to the largest known deposit of amber, called Baltic amber or succinite. It was produced sometime during the Eocene epoch, but exactly when is controversial. It has been estimated that these forests created more than 100,000 tons of amber. Today, more than 90% of the world's amber comes from Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It is a major source of income for the region; the local Kaliningrad Amber Combine extracted 250 tonnes of it in 2014, 400 tonnes in 2015. "Baltic amber" was formerly thought to include amber from the Bitterfeld brown coal mines in Saxony (Eastern Germany). Bitterfeld amber was previously believed to be only 20–22 million years old (Miocene), but a comparison of the animal inclusions in 2003 suggested that it was possibly Baltic amber that was redeposited in a Miocene deposit. Further study of insect taxa in the ambers has shown Bitterfeld amber to be from the same forest as the Baltic amber forest, but separately deposited from a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Witpoort Formation
Witpoort is a suburb of Midrand in Gauteng, South Africa, just west of Blue Hills. It is located in Region A of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. It was the site of the Battle of Witpoort during the Second Boer War The Second Boer War ( af, Tweede Vryheidsoorlog, , 11 October 189931 May 1902), also known as the Boer War, the Anglo–Boer War, or the South African War, was a conflict fought between the British Empire and the two Boer Republics (the South .... References Johannesburg Region A Suburbs of Johannesburg {{Gauteng-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Famennian
The Famennian is the latter of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian Epoch. The most recent estimate for its duration estimates that it lasted from around 371.1 million years ago to 359.3 million years ago. An earlier 2012 estimate, still used by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, estimated that it lasted from million years ago to million years ago. It was preceded by the Frasnian stage and followed by the Tournaisian stage. Major events In the seas, a novel major group of ammonoid cephalopods called Clymeniida, clymeniids appeared, underwent tremendous biodiversity, diversification and spread worldwide, then just as suddenly went extinct. The beginning of the Famennian is marked by the final stages of a major extinction event, the Late Devonian extinction, Kellwasser Event, which is the largest component of the Late Devonian Mass extinction. The end of the Famennian experiences a smaller but still quite severe extinction event, the Hangenberg Event. A brief epis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gondwanascorpio Emzantsiensis
''Gondwanascorpio emzantsiensis'' is an extinct Gondwanan scorpion that lived 360 million years ago in the Devonian. Its fossil remains, clearly showing pincer and sting, were discovered in rocks of the Witteberg Group near Grahamstown in South Africa. At present, this scorpion is the oldest known land-dwelling animal from Gondwana, which in Devonian times was separated from Laurasia by a deep ocean. At the time, the fossil site was only 15° from the South Pole, but rather than arctic-like tundra, the region was probably wooded, providing ample insect life for food. Previously, only two scorpion species were known from the late Devonian – '' Hubeiscorpio gracilitarsus'' from China and '' Petaloscorpio bureaui'' from Canada. The species was described by Robert Gess of Wits University in the journal ''African Invertebrates''. The specific epithet derives from ', the isiXhosa word for "south", sometimes used for South Africa. The shale containing the fossil was discovered as f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atypoidea
Atypoidea is a clade of mygalomorph spiders, one of the two main groups into which the mygalomorphs are divided (the other being Avicularioidea). It has been treated at the rank of superfamily. It contains five families of spiders: * Atypidae Atypidae, also known as atypical tarantulas or purseweb spiders, is a spider family containing only three genera. They are accomplished ambush predators that spend most of their time in a sock-like, silken retreat on the ground from where they kil ... * Antrodiaetidae * Mecicobothriidae * Hexurellidae * Megahexuridae Spiders from atypoid families live in burrows and use silk to build many different types of burrow entrance constructs, including purse webs, trapdoors, funnel-and-sheet webs, turrets and silken collars. Phylogeny The following cladogram illustrates the relationships between atypoid mygalomorph spiders based on the molecular phylogenetic analyses of Hedin et al (2019). References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
