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2007 Chinese Slave Scandal
The 2007 Chinese slave scandal () was a series of forced labour cases in Shanxi, China. Thousands of Chinese people including many children had been forced to work as slaves in illegal brickyards, and were tortured by the owners of the brickyards. As of June 2007, approximately 550 people have been rescued from such situations. Background Shanxi is located in the Loess Plateau in northern China which is known for its rich clay deposits which are easier and cheaper to mine than coal. Through corrupt relationships with officials, slave "bosses" opened illegal brickyards. Due to a scarcity of labor in Shanxi, some factories outsourced production to middlemen who recruited workers from other provinces, making huge profits for the bosses. For example, in one notorious case, it was reported that Wang Bingbing, the son of Wang Dongyi, a secretary of a local CCP branch, was the owner of a brickyard located in Hongdong County, Linfen. The owner outsourced the brickyard to Heng Tinghan, who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced Labour
Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, violence including death, or other forms of extreme hardship to either themselves or members of their families. Unfree labour includes all forms of slavery, penal labour and the corresponding institutions, such as debt slavery, serfdom, corvée and labour camps. Definition Many forms of unfree labour are also covered by the term forced labour, which is defined by the International Labour Organization (ILO) as all involuntary work or service exacted under the menace of a penalty. However, under the ILO Forced Labour Convention of 1930, the term forced or compulsory labour does not include: *"any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character;" *"any work or service which forms part of the normal civic obligations of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jincheng
Jincheng is a prefecture-level city in the southeast of Shanxi province, China, bordering Henan province to the south and southeast. It is an industrial city in an area where coal mining is an important industry. The entire city has a population of 2.2 million. The presence of such a large coal industry has given Jincheng a reputation for air pollution and in recent years the local government has invested heavily to promote better air quality in the city. This includes tree planting, establishing and maintaining large parks and ecological reserves, shutting down or relocating some of the worst-polluting factories, and the generalized use of coalbed methane which burns much cleaner than coal. History Jincheng has a long history. During the Warring States period, Zhao, Wei and han divided the land of Jinguo and settled the Late Jin monarch in Qinshui County of Jincheng. At the end of the Warring States period, the famous battle of Changping broke out between Qin and Zhao, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scandals In China
A scandal can be broadly defined as the strong social reactions of outrage, anger, or surprise, when accusations or rumours circulate or appear for some reason, regarding a person or persons who are perceived to have transgressed in some way. These reactions are usually noisy and may be conflicting, and they often have negative effects on the status and credibility of the person(s) or organisation involved. Society is scandalised when it becomes aware of breaches of moral norms or legal requirements, often when these have remained undiscovered or been concealed for some time. Such breaches have typically erupted from greed, lust or the abuse of power. Scandals may be regarded as political, sexual, moral, literary or artistic but often spread from one realm into another. The basis of a scandal may be factual or false, or a combination of both. In contemporary times, exposure of a scandalous situation is often made by mass media. Contemporary media has the capacity to sprea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Trafficking In China
China is a main source and also a significant transit and destination country for men, women, and children who are subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically forced labour and forced prostitution. Women and children from China are trafficked to Africa, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, and North America, predominantly Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, and Japan for commercial sexual exploitation and forced labour. Women and children from Myanmar, Vietnam, Mongolia, Post-Soviet States, former USSR (except for Baltic States), North Korea, Romania, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan and Ghana are trafficked to China for commercial sexual exploitation and forced labour. U.S. State Department's Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons placed the country in Trafficking in Persons Report#Ranking System, "Tier 3" in 2017. Definition According to the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, United Nations Palermo Protocol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crime In China
Crime is present in various forms in China. The Chinese government does not release unified exact statistics on crime rates and the rate of criminal offending due to such information being considered sensitive. Scarce official statistics released are the subject of much academic debate due to allegations of statistical fabrication, under-reporting and corruption. History A distinguishing feature of the Qin empire was its treatment of criminals: harsh but careful and fair. Succeeding dynasties moderated the law in various ways. In Ming times, commercialization and urbanization meant that scams abounded. Fences who disposed of stolen goods throve. The People's Republic of China was established in 1949 and, from 1949 to 1956, underwent the process of transferring the means of production to common ownership. During this time, the new government worked to decrease the influence of criminal gangs and reduce the prevalence of narcotics and gambling. Efforts to crack down on criminal ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2007 In China
Events in the year 2007 in China. Incumbents * General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party - Hu Jintao * President – Hu Jintao * Premier – Wen Jiabao * Vice President – Zeng Qinghong * Vice Premier – Huang Ju to June 2, Wu Yi * Congress Chairman - Wu Bangguo * Conference Chairman - Jia Qinglin Governors * Governor of Anhui Province – Wang Jinshan then Wang Sanyun * Governor of Fujian Province – Huang Xiaojing * Governor of Gansu Province – Xu Shousheng * Governor of Guangdong Province – Huang Huahua * Governor of Guizhou Province – Lin Shusen * Governor of Hainan Province – Wei Liucheng then Luo Baoming * Governor of Hebei Province – Guo Gengmao (until April), Hu Chunhua (starting April) * Governor of Heilongjiang Province – Zhang Zuoji (until December), Li Zhanshu (starting December) * Governor of Henan Province – Li Chengyu * Governor of Hubei Province – Luo Qingquan then Li Hongzho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slavery In China
Slavery in China has taken various forms throughout history. Slavery was abolished as a legally recognized institution, including in a 1909 lawHallet, Nicole.China and Antislavery". ''Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition'', Vol. 1, p. 154156. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007. . fully enacted in 1910, although the practice continued until at least 1949.Rodriguez, Junius.China, Late Imperial". ''The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery'', Vol. 1, p. 146. ABC-CLIO, 1997. . Illegal acts of forced labor and sexual slavery in China continue to occur in the twenty-first century, but those found guilty of such crimes are punished harshly. The Chinese term for slave (''nuli'') can also be roughly translated into 'debtor', 'dependent', or 'subject'. Slaves in China were a very small part of the population and could include war prisoners, kidnapping victims or people who had been sold. General history In Chinese society, slaves were grouped under a category of people known as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economy Of China
The China, People's Republic of China has an upper middle income Developing country, developing Mixed economy, mixed socialist market economy that incorporates economic planning through Industrial policy, industrial policies and strategic Five-year plans of China, five-year plans. —Xu, Chenggang. "The Fundamental Institutions of China’s Reforms and Development." Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 49, no. 4, American Economic Association, 2011, pp. 1076–151, . —Nee, Victor, and Sonja Opper. "Political Capital in a Market Economy." Social Forces, vol. 88, no. 5, Oxford University Press, 2010, pp. 2105–32, . —Shue Tuck Wong & Sun Sheng Han (1998) Whither China's Market Economy? The Case of Lijin Zhen, Geographical Review, 88:1, 29-46, —Gregory C. Chow (2005) The Role of Planning in China's Market Economy, Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 3:3, 193-203, —HUA, HUANG. "The Market Economy in China." Security Dialogue, vol. 24, no. 2, Sage Publications ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meng Xuenong
Meng Xuenong (; born August 1949) is a Chinese politician. Meng worked as a factory worker in Beijing before getting involved in politics through the local Communist Youth League organization. He was the Vice Mayor of Beijing between 1993 and 2003, before being promoted to mayor for a brief interlude in 2003. He was sacked as mayor only after a few months on the job due to his government's mismanagement of the SARS epidemic. Meng then worked as a low-profile functionary in the South-North Water Transfer Project, before making a political comeback as the Governor of Shanxi province in 2007. He resigned that post a year into his term, following what was considered a botched response to the 2008 Shanxi mudslide by the provincial government. In December 2009, Meng was given a post on the body that manages the work of the directly-controlled organizations of the Communist Party's central committee (). In 2012, he gained a largely ceremonial post as the head of a legal affairs committ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yu Youjun
Yu Youjun (; born January 1953) is a retired Chinese politician. Among other positions, he was once the Mayor of Shenzhen, Executive Vice-Governor of Hunan province, and Governor of Shanxi province. He resigned as Shanxi governor in 2007 and then transferred to serve as Party Branch Secretary and Vice Minister of Culture. In October 2008, Yu was unexpectedly removed from the 17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and his party membership was put on probation for two years, a disciplinary measure that is considered to be just short of expulsion. He eventually re-joined government as a deputy director of the Office of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project of the State Council. He retired in 2015 and joined the faculty of his alma mater, Sun Yat-Sen University as a full-time professor. Political career A native of Feng County in Jiangsu, Yu holds a doctorate in philosophy. He joined the CCP in June 1976. Working in Guangdong province, he eventually se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wen Jiabao
Wen Jiabao (born 15 September 1942) is a retired Chinese politician who served as the Premier of the State Council from 2003 to 2013. In his capacity as head of government, Wen was regarded as the leading figure behind China's economic policy. From 2002 to 2012, he held membership in the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, the country's ''de facto'' top power organ, where he was ranked third out of nine members and second only to President Hu Jintao and Chairman Wu Bangguo of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. He worked as the chief of the General Office of the Chinese Communist Party between 1986 and 1993, and accompanied Party general secretary Zhao Ziyang as Zhao's personal secretary to Tiananmen Square during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, where Zhao called on protesting students to leave the square and after which Zhao was removed from his position within the Party. In 1998, Wen was promoted to the pos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hu Jintao
Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese politician who served as the 16–17th general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2002 to 2012, the 6th president of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 2003 to 2013, and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) from 2004 to 2012. He was a member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee, China's ''de facto'' top decision-making body, from 1992 to 2012. Hu was the paramount leader of China from 2002 to 2012. Hu rose to power through the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), notably as Party Committee secretary for Guizhou province and the Tibet Autonomous Region, where his harsh repression of dissent gained him attention from the highest levels. He moved up to first secretary of the CCP Central Secretariat and vice president under CCP general secretary Jiang Zemin. Hu was the first leader of the Communist Party from a generation younger than those who participated in the civil war and the founding of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
