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Jincheng is a
prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. During the Republican era, many of China' ...
in the southeast of
Shanxi Shanxi (; ; formerly romanised as Shansi) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China and is part of the North China region. The capital and largest city of the province is Taiyuan, while its next most populated prefecture-lev ...
province, China, bordering
Henan Henan (; or ; ; alternatively Honan) is a landlocked province of China, in the central part of the country. Henan is often referred to as Zhongyuan or Zhongzhou (), which literally means "central plain" or "midland", although the name is al ...
province to the south and southeast. It is an industrial city in an area where
coal mining Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground. Coal is valued for its energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to generate electricity. Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from ...
is an important industry. The entire city has a population of 2.2 million. The presence of such a large coal industry has given Jincheng a reputation for air pollution and in recent years the local government has invested heavily to promote better air quality in the city. This includes
tree planting Tree-planting is the process of transplanting tree seedlings, generally for forestry, land reclamation, or landscaping purpose. It differs from the transplantation of larger trees in arboriculture, and from the lower cost but slower and less re ...
, establishing and maintaining large parks and ecological reserves, shutting down or relocating some of the worst-polluting factories, and the generalized use of coalbed methane which burns much cleaner than coal.


History

Jincheng has a long history. During the Warring States period, Zhao, Wei and han divided the land of Jinguo and settled the Late Jin monarch in Qinshui County of Jincheng. At the end of the Warring States period, the famous battle of Changping broke out between Qin and Zhao, which was in Gaoping City of Jincheng. After the first emperor of Qin unified the six countries, China was divided into 36 Shire , and most of Jincheng and Southeast Shanxi belonged to ShangdangShire . After the Han Dynasty and the Wei Dynasty, Jincheng has always belonged to Shangdang Shire and Pingyang Shire . To the Sixteen States, West Yan Murong Yong set up JianxingShire in the south of ShangdangShire , which is also the beginning of Jincheng becoming a Shire today. After that, Jianxing Shire changed its name several times. It was changed to Jianzhou in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and then to Zezhou in the Sui Dynasty, until it was upgraded to Zezhoufu in the Qing Dynasty. They are basically consistent with the five counties under the jurisdiction of Jincheng today. Until the period of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai issued a policy to change all Chinese State into counties.


Economy

Jincheng has considerable mineral resources, notably coal. Coal-beds account for more than 56% of the total area. Most of this is
anthracite Anthracite, also known as hard coal, and black coal, is a hard, compact variety of coal that has a submetallic luster. It has the highest carbon content, the fewest impurities, and the highest energy density of all types of coal and is the hig ...
, a very valuable type of coal with few impurities. The anthracite in Jincheng makes up more than a quarter of the total in China and half of the total for Shanxi province. Jincheng also has a large
coal mine methane Coalbed methane (CBM or coal-bed methane), coalbed gas, coal seam gas (CSG), or coal-mine methane (CMM) is a form of natural gas extracted from coal beds. In recent decades it has become an important source of energy in United States, Canada, Au ...
field which was discovered in Qinshui county in 2001. Both anthracite and coal mine methane were mainly produced by
Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group Jinneng Holding Equipment Manufacturing Group Company Limited, formerly name Shanxi Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group Co., Ltd. (JAMG) is a Chinese state-owned coal mining conglomerate based in Jincheng, Shanxi. It was owned by the State-owned Ass ...
. Jincheng also has a major Foxconn manufacturing campus which is known for production of over 3 billion RMB / year of fiber optic parts.


Geography

Jincheng is located in the southeast corner of Shanxi province. The prefecture-level city covers an area of 9,490-square-kilometers. It has 188,920 hectares of cultivated land.


Transportation

*
China National Highway 207 China National Highway 207 (G207) runs from Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia to Hai'an, Guangdong. It is in length and runs south from Xilinhot through Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, Hubei, Guangxi, and ends in Guangdong. Route and distance Se ...
* Taiyuan–Jiaozuo Railway Jincheng does not have a commercial airport, although the nearby cities of
Zhengzhou Zhengzhou (; ), also spelt Zheng Zhou and alternatively romanized as Chengchow, is the capital and largest city of Henan Province in the central part of the People's Republic of China. Located in north-central Henan, it is one of the National ...
,
Changzhi Changzhi () is a prefecture-level city in the southeast of Shanxi Province, China, bordering the provinces of Hebei and Henan to the northeast and east, respectively. Historically, the city was one of the 36 administrative areas (see Administrat ...
and
Luoyang Luoyang is a city located in the confluence area of Luo River (Henan), Luo River and Yellow River in the west of Henan province. Governed as a prefecture-level city, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Pingdingshan to the ...
do.


Climate

Jincheng has a rather dry,
monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscil ...
-influenced
humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freezing ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...
''Dwa''),Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., and McMahon, T. A.: Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1633-1644, , 2007. with cold and very dry winters, and hot, humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from in January to in July, and the annual mean is . Typifying the influence of the East Asian Monsoon, over two-thirds of the annual of precipitation occurs from June to September.


Administrative divisions


Footnotes


External links


Jincheng Online

Jincheng Online
{{Authority control Cities in Shanxi Prefecture-level divisions of Shanxi National Forest Cities in China