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2004 In Paleontology ...
Protozoa New taxa Fungi newly named Plants Newly named plants Arthropoda newly named arachnids Newly named insects Newly named fishes Newly named amphibians Archosauromorphs Newly named dinosaurs Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list. Other archosauromorphs Newly named birds Plesiosaurs New taxa Pterosaurs New taxa Synapsids Non-mammalian References {{portal, Paleontology 2000s in paleontology Paleontology Paleontology (), also spelled palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present). It includes the study of fossi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paleoleishmania
''Paleoleishmania'' is an extinct genus of kinetoplastids, a monophyletic group of unicellular parasitic flagellate protozoa. At present it is placed in the family Trypanosomatidae. The genus contains two species, ''Paleoleishmania neotropicum'' and the type species ''Paleoleishmania proterus''. The genus is known from the Albian aged Burmese amber deposits of northern Myanmar and the Burdigalian aged Dominican amber deposits on the island of Hispaniola. Etymology The genus name ''Paleoleishmania'' is derived from the Greek ''paleo'' meaning "old" and ''leishmania'' referencing the modern Leishmaniasis-causing genus ''Leishmania''. All trypanosomes are heteroxenous (requiring more than one obligatory host in order to complete life cycle) or are transmitted through some variation of a vector. ''Paleoleishmania proterus'' The genus was described in 2004 by George Poinar Jr. and Robert Poinar in the journal ''Protist'' from amastigotes, promastigotes and paramastigotes preserv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sweetgum
''Liquidambar'', commonly called sweetgum (star gum in the UK), gum, redgum, satin-walnut, or American storax, is the only genus in the flowering plant family Altingiaceae and has 15 species. They were formerly often treated in Hamamelidaceae. They are native to Southeast and east Asia, the eastern Mediterranean and eastern North America. They are decorative deciduous trees that are used in the wood industry and for ornamental purposes. Etymology Both the scientific and common names refer to the sweet resinous sap (''liquid amber'') exuded by the trunk when cut. Species Extant species Fossils * †'' Liquidambar changii'' - Miocene (Washington state, North America) Description They are all large, deciduous trees, tall, with palmately 3- to 7-lobed leaves arranged spirally on the stems and length of , having a pleasant aroma when crushed. Their leaves can be many colors such as bright red, orange, yellow, and even purple. Mature bark is grayish and vertically groove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albicoccus
''Albicoccus'' is an extinct genus of scale insect in the extinct monotypic family Albicoccidae, containing a single species, ''Albicoccus dimai''. The genus is solely known from the Albian - Cenomanian Burmese amber deposits. History and classification ''Albicoccus'' is known from the holotype specimen, collection number BMNH In. 20155(2), which along a limoniid and a psychodid fly, are inclusions in a transparent chunk of Burmese amber. As of 2004, the type insect was part of the amber collections housed at the British Museum of Natural History, London, England. The amber specimen was recovered from deposits exposed in the Hukawng Valley of Kachin State, Myanmar. Burmese amber has been radiometrically dated using U- Pb isotopes, yielding an age of approximately 99 million years old, close to the Albian – Cenomanian boundary. The holotype was first studied by paleoentomologist and coccid researcher Jan Koteja, of the Agricultural University of Kraków. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ponerinae
Ponerinae is a subfamily of ants in the Poneromorph subfamilies group, with about 1,600 species in 47 extant genera, including ''Dinoponera gigantea'' - one of the world's largest species of ant. Mated workers have replaced the queen as the functional egg-layers in several species of ponerine ants. In such queenless species, the reproductive status of workers can only be determined through ovarian dissections. Description and identification They are most easily identified from other subfamilies by possessing a single-node petiole with a constriction before the second gastral segment. They are rare examples of stinging ants. In addition to the sting, they can also be characterized by a single segmented petiole and the constriction of the first and second segment of the gaster. They can also be identified by the shape of their head. Female workers have twelve segmented antennae, whereas male workers have 13 segmented antennae. Behavior These ants typically nest in soil, for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afropone
''Afropone'' is an extinct genus of ant in the formicid subfamily Ponerinae, and is currently unplaced in any of the tribes of that subfamily. The genus contains two described species, ''Afropone oculata'' and ''Afropone (?) orapa''. ''Afropone'' is known from a group of Upper Cretaceous fossils, which were found at Orapa in the Central District of Botswana. History and classification ''Afropone oculata'' was described from two fossils, the holotype specimen number BP/2/28072a/2, identified as a female, and an additional poorly preserved fossil, number BP/2/26631-17. ''Afropone (?) orapa'' was based on a single holotype male, specimen BP/2/26628/1, and tentatively placed into the genus based on overall morphology. The specimens are mostly complete with variation in the quantity of detail, and are preserved as compression fossils in shale. The shales and mudstones of the Orapa site were rapidly deposited in a crater lake formed as the result of a large volcanic eruption in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myrmicinae
Myrmicinae is a subfamily of ants, with about 140 extant genera; their distribution is cosmopolitan. The pupae lack cocoons. Some species retain a functional sting. The petioles of Myrmicinae consist of two nodes. The nests are permanent and in soil, rotting wood, under stones, or in trees.Goulet, H & Huber, JT (eds.) (1993) Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. Agriculture Canada. p. 224 Identification Myrmicine worker ants have a distinct postpetiole, i.e., abdominal segment III is notably smaller than segment IV and set off from it by a well-developed constriction; the pronotum is inflexibly fused to the rest of the mesosoma, such that the promesonotal suture is weakly impressed or absent, and a functional sting is usually present. The clypeus is well-developed; as a result, the antennal sockets are well separated from the anterior margin of the head. Most myrmicine genera possess well-developed eyes and frontal lobes that partly conceal the an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turonian
The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous Epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 93.9 ± 0.8 Ma and 89.8 ± 1 Ma (million years ago). The Turonian is preceded by the Cenomanian Stage and underlies the Coniacian Stage. At the beginning of the Turonian an oceanic anoxic event (OAE 2) took place, also referred to as the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event or the "Bonarelli Event". Stratigraphic definition The Turonian (French: ''Turonien'') was defined by the French paleontologist Alcide d'Orbigny (1802–1857) in 1842. Orbigny named it after the French city of Tours in the region of Touraine (department Indre-et-Loire), which is the original type locality. The base of the Turonian Stage is defined as the place where the ammonite species '' Watinoceras devonense'' first appears in the stratigraphic column. The official reference profile (the GSSP) for the base of the Turonian is located in the Roc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afromyrma
''Afromyrma'' is an extinct genus of ant in the formicid subfamily Myrmicinae, and is currently unplaced in any of the tribes of that subfamily. The genus contains a single described species, ''Afromyrma petrosa''. ''Afromyrma'' is known from a single Upper Cretaceous fossil, which was found in Orapa in the Central District of Botswana. History and classification ''Afromyrma'' is known from a solitary fossil from Orapa, the holotype, specimen number BP/2/26501 tentatively identified as a female, though there is a possibility this is incorrect. The holotype specimen is mostly complete but is rather poor in details, and is preserved as a compression fossil in shale. The shales and mudstones of the Orapa site were rapidly deposited in a crater lake formed as the result of a large volcanic eruption in the Cretaceous. The sediment originated as an epiclastic kimberlite and derives from rapid weathering and decomposition of the sides of the kimberlite crater. Of the four major ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garcorops Jadis
''Garcorops jadis'' is a possibly extinct species of Wall crab spider, family Selenopidae, and at present, it is one of four known species in the genus '' Garcorops''. The species is solely known from copal found on the beach near Sambava, on the northeast coast of Madagascar. History and classification ''Garcorops jadis'' is known only from one fossil, the holotype. The single, adult male individual is preserved in a clear ''Hymenaea verrucosa'' copal specimen. The copal measures with several dipterans, a cockroach, a mite and a juvenile araneid spider also included within. The copal is currently housed in the Royal Museum for Central Africa in Tervuren, Belgium. ''G. jadis'' was first studied by Jan Bosselaers, with his March 2004 type description being published in the journal ''Zootaxa''. The specific name was coined by Jan Bosselaers as a reference to Jadis, the White Witch from the 1950 children's fantasy novel ''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'' by C. S. Lewis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madagascar Copal
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa across the Mozambique Channel. At Madagascar is the world's second-largest island country, after Indonesia. The nation is home to around 30 million inhabitants and consists of the island of Madagascar (the fourth-largest island in the world), along with numerous smaller peripheral islands. Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar split from the Indian subcontinent around 90 million years ago, allowing native plants and animals to evolve in relative isolation. Consequently, Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot; over 90% of its wildlife is endemic. Human settlement of Madagascar occurred during or before the mid first millennium AD by Austronesian peoples, presumably arriving on outrigger canoes f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anyphops Cortex
''Garcorops jadis'' is a possibly extinct species of Wall crab spider, family Selenopidae, and at present, it is one of four known species in the genus ''Garcorops''. The species is solely known from copal found on the beach near Sambava, on the northeast coast of Madagascar. History and classification ''Garcorops jadis'' is known only from one fossil, the holotype. The single, adult male individual is preserved in a clear ''Hymenaea verrucosa'' copal specimen. The copal measures with several dipterans, a cockroach, a mite and a juvenile araneid spider also included within. The copal is currently housed in the Royal Museum for Central Africa in Tervuren, Belgium. ''G. jadis'' was first studied by Jan Bosselaers, with his March 2004 type description being published in the journal ''Zootaxa''. The specific name was coined by Jan Bosselaers as a reference to Jadis, the White Witch from the 1950 children's fantasy novel ''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'' by C. S. Lewis in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neviusia
''Neviusia'', the snow-wreaths, is a genus of ornamental plants, which are native to the United States, containing two extant species and one extinct species known from fossil leaves. This genus is a rare example of a disjunct range occurring in North America. The type species, ''Neviusia alabamensis'', occurs in several southeastern states, while second extant species, ''Neviusia cliftonii'', is endemic to the Mt Shasta region of California, and the extinct species ''Neviusia dunthornei'' is found in shale deposits in the Okanagan Highlands of Washington and British Columbia. It is named for Episcopal priest and botanist Reuben Nevius Reuben Denton Nevius (1827 – 14 December 1913) was an American botanist and Episcopal priest, missionary, and the first registrar of the Diocese of Olympia, Washington. Born in Ovid, New York, the Rev. Reuben Denton Nevius received in 1849 his D. .... References * * * * Kerrieae Rosaceae genera Flora of the United States {{a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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