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2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition
The Second Soviet Antarctic Expedition was led by Aleksei Treshnikov on the continent; the marine expedition on the "Ob" was led by I. V. Maksimov. The "Ob" left Kaliningrad on 7 November, 1956. Three ships were used to transport the expedition, all diesel-electric. The two main ships were as for the first expedition: RV ''Ob'' (flagship; captain )) and RV "Lena" (captain A. I. Vetrov). The third ship was ''Kooperatsiya'' (captain A. S. Yantselevich), used mainly as a transport vessel. The tasks of the expedition were: # Relief of the first expedition # Full scale scientific work for the International Geophysical Year (IGY) This included glacier mapping and wildlife tracking, among other things. # Organisation of two IGY scientific stations near the south geomagnetic pole and pole of relative inaccessibility # An inland tractor-sledge traverse for glaciology # Oceanography List of features named by the expedition * Lena Passage, named after the ship ''Lena'' * Lednikov Bay (B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksei Treshnikov
Alexey Fyodorovich Tryoshnikov (russian: Алексе́й Фёдорович Трёшников) (14 April 1914, Baryshsky District, Pavlovka, Karsunsky Uyezd, Simbirsk Governorate – 18 November 1991, Saint Petersburg) was a Soviet Union, Soviet polar explorer and leader of the 2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition and the 13th Soviet Antarctic Expedition. He was involved in defending the Northern Sea Route during World War II and participated in the Soviet Antarctic Expedition. Between 1954 and 1955, he was the leader of the North Pole-3 Soviet and Russian manned drifting ice stations, ice station in the Arctic Ocean. He was also the president of the Russian Geographical Society, Geographical Society of the USSR since 1977 and the director of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) of the Soviet Union from 1960 to 1981. In 1982 he was elected Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. A minor planet 3339 Treshnikov discovered by Czech astronomer Antonín ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marine Propulsion
Marine propulsion is the mechanism or system used to generate thrust to move a watercraft through water. While paddles and sails are still used on some smaller boats, most modern ships are propelled by mechanical systems consisting of an electric motor or internal combustion engine driving a propeller, or less frequently, in pump-jets, an impeller. Marine engineering is the discipline concerned with the engineering design process of marine propulsion systems. Human-powered paddles and oars, and later, sails were the first forms of marine propulsion. Rowed galleys, some equipped with sail, played an important early role in early human seafaring and warfares. The first advanced mechanical means of marine propulsion was the marine steam engine, introduced in the early 19th century. During the 20th century it was replaced by two-stroke or four-stroke diesel engines, outboard motors, and gas turbine engines on faster ships. Marine nuclear reactors, which appeared in the 1950s, pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Geophysical Year
The International Geophysical Year (IGY; french: Année géophysique internationale) was an international scientific project that lasted from 1 July 1957 to 31 December 1958. It marked the end of a long period during the Cold War when scientific interchange between East and West had been seriously interrupted. Sixty-seven countries participated in IGY projects, although one notable exception was the mainland People's Republic of China, which was protesting against the participation of the Republic of China (Taiwan). East and West agreed to nominate the Belgian Marcel Nicolet as secretary general of the associated international organization. The IGY encompassed eleven Earth sciences: aurora and airglow, cosmic rays, geomagnetism, gravity, ionospheric physics, longitude and latitude determinations (precision mapping), meteorology, oceanography, seismology, and solar activity. The timing of the IGY was particularly suited for studying some of these phenomena, since it covered th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lena Passage
Lena Passage () is a passage wide between the southwestern part of the Haswell Islands and Vetrov Hill on the coast of Antarctica. It was mapped by the 2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition The Second Soviet Antarctic Expedition was led by Aleksei Treshnikov on the continent; the marine expedition on the "Ob" was led by I. V. Maksimov. The "Ob" left Kaliningrad on 7 November, 1956. Three ships were used to transport the expedition, a ... in 1956, who named it for the ship ''Lena''. References Straits of Antarctica Bodies of water of Queen Mary Land {{QueenMaryLand-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lednikov Bay
Lednikov Bay () is a small bay just west of McDonald Bay on the coast of Antarctica. The bay was mapped in 1955 from aerial photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47. It was remapped by the 2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition The Second Soviet Antarctic Expedition was led by Aleksei Treshnikov on the continent; the marine expedition on the "Ob" was led by I. V. Maksimov. The "Ob" left Kaliningrad on 7 November, 1956. Three ships were used to transport the expedition, a ... in 1956 and named "Bukhta Lednikovaya" (glacier bay), probably because of its location at the terminus of a small glacier. References Bays of Queen Mary Land {{QueenMaryLand-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Science Foundation
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent agency of the United States government that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. Its medical counterpart is the National Institutes of Health. With an annual budget of about $8.3 billion (fiscal year 2020), the NSF funds approximately 25% of all federally supported basic research conducted by the United States' colleges and universities. In some fields, such as mathematics, computer science, economics, and the social sciences, the NSF is the major source of federal backing. The NSF's director and deputy director are appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate, whereas the 24 president-appointed members of the National Science Board (NSB) do not require Senate confirmation. The director and deputy director are responsible for administration, planning, budgeting and day-to-day operations of the foundation, while t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition
The First Soviet Antarctic Expedition was led by Mikhail Somov; his scientific deputy was . The expedition lasted from 30 November 1955 to 1957 and involved 127 expedition members and 75 crew members. Three diesel-electric ships were used to transport the expedition. They were ''RV Ob'' (flagship; captain ), ''RV Lena'' (captain A. I. Vetrov) and the refrigerator ship No. 7 (captain M. A. Tsygankov). The final ship was used only for transporting perishables. ''Ob'' and ''Lena'' were icebreakers 130m long and displacing 12,600 tons. On 30 November 1955 ''Ob'' left port at Kaliningrad. The principal task of the expedition was to organise the main base, Mirny, and perform limited scientific observations. Other tasks were reconnaissance of sites for the inland bases Vostok and Sovetskaya; and oceanography of the Indian ocean. References * A V Nudel Man ''Soviet Antarctic Expeditions 1955-1959'', Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva, 1959 (translated from the Russian; Israel pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
List of Antarctic expeditions by the Soviet Union is a list of expeditions from the Soviet Union to Antarctica. Expeditions ordered by date See also * Soviet Antarctic Expedition * List of Antarctic expeditions * List of Russian explorers The history of exploration by citizens or subjects of the Russia, Russian Federation, the Soviet Union, the Russian Empire, the Tsardom of Russia and other Russian predecessor states forms a significant part of the history of Russia as well as th ... {{Polar exploration List Expeditions by the Soviet Union Soviet Antarctic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition
The Third Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1957–59) was led by Yevgeny Tolstikov on the continent and included Czech future astronomer Antonín Mrkos; the marine expedition on the ''Ob'' was led by I V Maksimov. Two diesel-electric ships were used to transport the expedition. RV ''Ob'' (flagship; captain ) and ''Kooperatsiya'' (captain A S Yantselevich), used mainly as a transport vessel. The ships arrived in Antarctica in November – December 1957. Together with the ships crews the expedition consisted of 445 men, of whom 183 were scheduled for wintering. The tasks of the expedition were: # Relief of the 1956–1958 continental expedition and continuation of the IGY programme # Organisation of the Sovetskaya station at the pole of relative inaccessibility # Continuation of tractor-sledge traverses in central Antarctica # Oceanographic work on the ''Ob'' in the southern oceans, and cartography of the coast from Mirny to the Bellingshausen sea The programme included 6 stations: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a Federation, federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, fifteen national republics; in practice, both Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, its economy were highly Soviet-type economic planning, centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Saint Petersburg, Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kyiv, Kiev (Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainian SSR), Minsk (Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian SSR), Tas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1956 In The Soviet Union
The following lists events that happened during 1956 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Incumbents * First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union – Nikita Khrushchev * Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union – Kliment Voroshilov * Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union – Nikolai Bulganin Events February * 9 February – The report of the Pospelov Commission is presented to the presidium. * 14–25 February – 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union * 25 February – Nikita Khrushchev makes the speech On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences at the 20th Congress of the CPSU. March * March – 1956 Georgian demonstrations October * 19 October – Soviet–Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956 November * 4 November – United Nations Security Council Resolution 120 is passed. * 7 November – The 2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition leaves Kaliningrad * 18 November – "We will bury you" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1957 In The Soviet Union
The following lists events that happened during 1957 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Incumbents * First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union – Nikita Khrushchev * Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union – Kliment Voroshilov * Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union – Nikolai Bulganin Events * 1957 Soviet nuclear tests * Doctor Zhivago (novel) is published in Italy by Boris Pasternak after being rejected by Soviet censors. May * May – The Anti-Party Group attempts to overthrow Nikita Khrushchev. July * 28 July – The 6th World Festival of Youth and Students is opened. September * 26 September – Soviet submarine M-256 sinks after one of its diesel engines explodes. * 29 September – Kyshtym disaster October * 4 October – Sputnik 1, the first artificial Earth satellite, is launched. November * November – The 3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition arrives in Antarctica. * 7 November – The dog La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
