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2021 Milan Municipal Election
Municipal elections took place in Milan, Italy, on 3 and 4 October 2021 to elect the Mayor and the 48 members of the City Council, as well as the nine presidents and 270 councillors of the nine administrative zones (''municipi'') in which the municipality is divided, each one having one president and 30 councillors. Local elections in Italy are usually scheduled between 15 April and 15 June, however on 4 March 2021 the Italian government decided to postpone them to the autumn following a new spike of cases in the coronavirus pandemic. As a result, incumbent mayor Giuseppe Sala was re-elected for a second five-year term by a landslide. Electoral system The semipresidential voting system is used for all mayoral elections in Italy, in the cities with a population higher than 15,000 inhabitants, for the seventh time. Under this system, voters express a direct choice for the mayor or an indirect choice voting for the party of the candidate's coalition. If no candidate receives 50% ...
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Percentage Point
A percentage point or percent point is the unit (measurement), unit for the Difference (mathematics), arithmetic difference between two percentages. For example, moving up from 40 percent to 44 percent is an increase of 4 percentage points, but a 10-percent increase in the quantity being measured. In literature, the unit is usually either written out, or abbreviated as ''pp'' or ''p.p.'' to avoid ambiguity. After the first occurrence, some writers abbreviate by using just "point" or "points". Differences between percentages and percentage points Consider the following hypothetical example: In 1980, 50 percent of the population smoked, and in 1990 only 40 percent of the population smoked. One can thus say that from 1980 to 1990, the prevalence of smoking decreased by 10 ''percentage points'' (or by 10 percent of the population) or by ''20 percent'' when talking about smokers only - percentages indicate proportionate part of a total. Percentage-point differences are one way to ex ...
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Centre-left Coalition (Italy)
The centre-left coalition ( it, coalizione di centro-sinistra) is an alliance of political parties in Italy active, under several forms and names, since 1995 when The Olive Tree was formed under the leadership of Romano Prodi. The centre-left coalition has ruled the country for more than 15 years between 1996 and 2022. In the 1996 general election The Olive Tree consisted of the majority of both the left-wing Alliance of Progressives and the centrist Pact for Italy, the two losing coalitions in the 1994 general election, the first under a system based primarily on first-past-the-post voting. In 2005 The Union was founded as a wider coalition to contest the 2006 general election, which later collapsed during the 2008 political crisis, with the fall of the Prodi II Cabinet. In recent history, the centre-left coalition has been built around the Democratic Party (PD), which was established in 2007 from a merger of Democrats of the Left and Democracy is Freedom, the main part ...
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Volt Italia
Volt Italia is a progressive and eurofederalist party in Italy. It is an affiliate of Volt Europa and was founded in 2018. Volt was unable to take part in the 2019 European elections, failing to obtain the required 150,000 notarised supporter signatures. Since then, the party has contested municipal and regional elections, winning a number of mandates and providing a deputy mayor since October 2021. History Volt Italy was officially registered as a party in July 2018 as the 5th national offshoot of Volt Europe. The aim was to participate in the 2019 European elections, for which the party collected signatures throughout Italy, but also in other European countries. However, Volt failed to clear the hurdle of collecting 150,000 notarised supporter signatures. In January 2020, Volt contested its first election in Italy with the regional election in Emilia-Romagna, and failed to enter the regional council with 0.43%. The party engaged in opposition to the 2020 constitutional re ...
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Liberal Democratic Alliance For Italy
The Liberal Democratic Alliance for Italy (''Alleanza Liberaldemocratica per l'Italia'', ALI) is a liberal political party in Italy. ALI was launched in November 2013 by some leading members of Act to Stop the Decline (FFD), who disagreed with the political line traced by Michele Boldrin, FFD's new leader. These included Oscar Giannino (who led FFD in the 2013 general election), Alessandro De Nicola and Silvia Enrico. ALI's founders aimed at joining the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE Party). In November 2013 ALI and Civic Choice (SC) signed a pact of permanent consultation. Also in November, the party's founding convention was attended by prominent members of SC, including Pietro Ichino and Enrico Zanetti, and endorsed by Graham Watson, ALDE Party president. In March 2014 Ichino, who had since left SC, was elected president of ALI and Enrico secretary. Leading members of SC and the Italian Liberal Party (PLI) joined ALI's national council. In the 201 ...
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Italian Republican Party
The Italian Republican Party ( it, Partito Repubblicano Italiano, PRI) is a liberal and social-liberal political party in Italy. Founded in 1895, the PRI is the oldest political party still active in Italy. The PRI has old roots and a long history that began with a left-wing position, claiming descent from the political thought of Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi. The early PRI was also known for its anti-clerical, anti-monarchist republican and later anti-fascist stances. While maintaining the latter three traits, during the second half of the 20th century the party moved slowly to the centre of the political spectrum, becoming increasingly economically liberal. As such, the PRI was a member of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (ELDR) from 1976 to 2010. After 1949 the party was a member of the pro-NATO alliance formed also by Christian Democrats, Social Democrats and Liberals, enabling it to participate in most governments of the 1950s. In 1963 the PRI he ...
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Democratic Centre (Italy)
Democratic Centre ( it, Centro Democratico, CD) is a centrist, Christian leftist and social-liberal political party in Italy. Most of its members, including its leader Bruno Tabacci, are former Christian Democrats. Since its beginnings, the CD has been also part of the centre-left coalition, centred around the Democratic Party (PD). The CD, along with the Italian Radicals and Forza Europa, was a founding member of More Europe (+E), a liberal party. As such, it was indirectly a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE Party) at the level of European Union. The CD had formed a partnership with the ALDE Party since the 2014 European Parliament election. History Foundation and 2013 general election The party was launched on 28 December 2012 as an electoral list and immediately joined Italy. Common Good, a centre-left coalition formed to contest the 2013 general election. The CD originally included large chunks of Alliance for Italy (ApI), led by ...
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More Europe
More Europe ( it, Più Europa or ''+Europa''; +E or +Eu) is a liberal and pro-Europeanist political party in Italy, part of the centre-left coalition and member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party. Its leaders are Emma Bonino and Benedetto Della Vedova. History Foundation More Europe was launched in November 2017, seeking to participate in the 2018 general election within the centre-left coalition centred on the Democratic Party (PD). The founding members were two liberal and distinctively pro-Europeanist parties: the Italian Radicals (RI), whose leading members included Emma Bonino (a former minister of International Commerce and Foreign Affairs), Riccardo Magi and Marco Cappato, and Forza Europa (FE), led by Benedetto Della Vedova, a former Radical elected in 2013 with Future and Freedom (FLI) and later transitated through Civic Choice (SC). The RI and FE were joined by individual members of the Civics and Innovators (CI) sub-group in the Chamber ...
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Action (Italy)
Action ( it, Azione, abbr. A or Az) is a liberal political party in Italy. Its leader is Carlo Calenda, a member of the European Parliament within the group of Renew Europe and former minister of Economic Development. Originally launched as We Are Europeans (, SE), it adopted its current name in November 2019 upon becoming a fully-fledged party. Calenda has described his party as "anti-populist" and "anti- souverainist". He also explained that the party's name is a historical reference to the short-lived post-World War II Action Party and an allusion to Carlo Rosselli's "liberal socialism". According to Calenda, the party is home to "pure liberals, but also liberal progressives Social_liberalism.html" "title="nowiki/>Social liberalism">social liberals, like Calenda] and Catholic democrats [Christian democracy, Christian democrats]". History Background Carlo Calenda, who had been active within Luca Cordero di Montezemolo's Future Italy, was an unsuccessful candidate for the ce ...
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Italia Viva
Italia Viva (, IV) is a liberal political party in Italy founded in September 2019. The party is led by Matteo Renzi, a former Prime Minister of Italy and former secretary of the Democratic Party (PD). History Background Matteo Renzi started his political career in the Italian People's Party (PPI), a Christian-democratic party, and was elected president of the Province of Florence in 2004. Through The Daisy party he joined the Democratic Party in 2007 and was elected Mayor of Florence in 2009. A frequent critic of his party's leadership, especially under Pier Luigi Bersani, Renzi made his name as ''il Rottamatore'', in English ''the Scrapper'' or ''the Demolisher'' (of old leaders and ideas), for his advocacy of complete change in the party, as well as a reformer and a modernizer. His followers were known as ''Renziani''. Speculations over a new party led by Renzi date back to 2012, when he was defeated by Bersani in the run-off of the centre-left primary election. Rumors ...
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èViva
èViva (in English: ''It is alive'') is an Italian left-wing political party. History èViva was founded by Francesco Laforgia (member of Article One) and Luca Pastorino (member of Possible) on 13 April 2019. The name of the movement has been chosen via an online-poll. For the 2019 European Parliament election èViva joins the electoral alliance '' The Left'', with Italian Left, Communist Refoundation and the Party of the South. The Left, that joined the GUE/NGL group, got only the 1.8%, without exceeding the 4%-barrier-threshold, so it didn't get any seat. For the 2020 Regional election èViva joins many lists: in Tuscany "Tuscany to the Left" to support Tommaso Fattori, in Campania "Earth", in Apulia "Solidary and Green Apulia" to support Michele Emiliano, in Liguria "Shared Line" to support Ferruccio Sansa, in Emilia-Romagna "Brave Emilia-Romagna" ( Elly Schlein's list) to support Stefano Bonaccini. Ideology èViva is interested in environmental problems and soc ...
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Italian Left
Italian Left ( it, Sinistra Italiana, SI) is a left-wing political party in Italy. SI was launched in November 2015 as a parliamentary group in the Chamber of Deputies (full name: Italian Left – Left Ecology Freedom), including Left Ecology Freedom (SEL), dissidents from the Democratic Party like Future to the Left, and splinters from the Five Star Movement. At its launch, SI included 32 deputies, who were soon followed by 8 senators (who formed a sub-group within the Mixed Group of the Senate in February 2016), and 2 MEPs. SI was officially formed as a full-fledged party in February 2017, after SEL had chosen to merge into it in December 2016. The party is led by Nicola Fratoianni. Notable founding members included Nichi Vendola (former leader of SEL), Loredana De Petris, Stefano Fassina, and Sergio Cofferati. In the aftermath of its founding congress, 18 deputies left the party, leaving it with 13 deputies, 8 senators and 2 MEPs: 17 deputies, led by former group leader Art ...
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Green Is Popular
Gianfranco Rotondi (born 25 July 1960) is an Italian politician and a member of the Chamber of Deputies. Biography Rotondi was born in Avellino, Campania. Political career Graduated in law, he was first elected in the Chamber of Deputies in 2001 as member of the House of Freedoms and Union of Christian and Centre Democrats in the uninominal electorate of Rho. However, in 2005, he left UDC over disagreements about the relationship with Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia, which Rotondi wanted to be closer. He then founded a new party strongly inspired on Christian ideals and the former Christian Democracy party, called Christian Democracy for the Autonomies. In 2008, his party joined the People of Freedom, and he was appointed Minister without Portfolio for the Implementation of the Government Program in Berlusconi IV Cabinet, a position he held until 16 November 2011. On 2 April 2022, Rotondi founded a new party named Green is Popular ( it, Verde è Popolare), a Christian democrat ...
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