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2019 Egyptian Constitutional Referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Egypt between 20 and 22 April 2019, The main proposed amendments were re-establishing the presidential term to six years, from four previously, and removing the limit of two terms on the President, thereby allowing President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi to potentially remain in power until 2030. The changes were approved by 88.83% of voters who voted, with a 44% turnout. Preparation Plans to amend the constitution were prepared by the General Intelligence Directorate (Mukhabarat) around December 2018, with nearly daily meetings headed by el-Sisi's son Mahmoud el-Sisi, Deputy Director of the Mukhabarat. Some meetings were also attended by Abbas Kamel, the Director of the Mukhabarat. The initial plans were to extend the presidential term to six years while retaining a maximum of two terms and to weaken the powers of Parliament. Security services planned "wide-reaching arrest campaigns of civilian public figures from across the political spectrum" a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, while Alexandria, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast. At approximately 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the 14th-most populated country in the world. Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, ur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom Egypt Party
The Egypt of Freedom Party (; transliterated: ''Hizb Masr Alhureyya'') is a political party in Egypt which was founded on 18 May 2011 by Amr Hamzawy and a group of Egyptian youth after the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 The 2011 Egyptian revolution, also known as the 25 January revolution ( ar, ثورة ٢٥ يناير; ), began on 25 January 2011 and spread across Egypt. The date was set by various youth groups to coincide with the annual Egyptian "Police ho .... References Political parties established in 2011 Liberal parties in Egypt 2011 establishments in Egypt Social democratic parties in Africa Socialist parties in Egypt {{Egypt-party-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Monitor
Al-Monitor ( ar, المونيتور) is a news website launched in February 2012 by the Arab American entrepreneur Jamal Daniel and based in Washington, DC, United States. Al-Monitor provides reporting and analysis from and about the Middle East. History and organization Al-Monitor was launched on 13 February 2012 by the Arab-American Jamal Daniel (who was born in Syria, but grew up in Lebanon). It was founded with the intention to publish a diverse set of perspectives on the region, bridging the gap of information available to both those in the Middle East and those elsewhere with a desire to better understand a rapidly changing region. In 2018, Al-Monitor partnered with North Base Media which was founded by Marcus Brauchli and Sasa Vucinic in managing Al-Monitor in order "to provide top-level operational and financial decision-making, and work with the company to explore possible content and commercial avenues." At its founding, the site also translated content from countries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NetBlocks
NetBlocks is a watchdog organization that monitors cybersecurity and the governance of the Internet. The service was launched in 2017 to monitor Internet freedom. Work Projects NetBlocks publishes original reporting on Internet governance and sustainable energy, providing tools to the public to observe possible Internet restrictions and to estimate the economic consequences of network disruptions. NetBlocks has established a high level of trust in communities around the world, facilitating the spread of information during emergencies and Internet censorship events, according to peer-reviewed research published in the scientific journal ''Nature''. Events On 25 November 2017, NetBlocks and the Digital Rights Foundation provided information about the nationwide censorship of Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and other social media services by the Pakistani government following the Tehreek-e-Labaik protests. During the 2018–2019 Sudanese protests, NetBlocks stated that the Sud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entrenched Clause
An entrenched clause or entrenchment clause of a constitution is a provision that makes certain amendments either more difficult or impossible to pass. Overriding an entrenched clause may require a supermajority, a referendum, or the consent of the minority party. The term eternity clause is used in a similar manner in the constitutions of Constitution of Brazil, Brazil, the Constitution of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic, Constitution of Germany, Germany, Constitution of Greece, Greece, Constitution of India, India, Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iran, Constitution of Italy, Italy, Constitution of Morocco, Morocco, Constitution of Norway, Norway, and Constitution of Turkey, Turkey, but specifically applies to an entrenched clause that can never be overridden. However, if a constitution provides for a mechanism of its own abolishment or replacement, like the German Basic Law does in Article 146, this by necessity provides a "back door" for getting rid of the "eterni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Commission Of Jurists
The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) is an international human rights non-governmental organization. It is a standing group of 60 eminent jurists—including senior judges, attorneys and academics—who work to develop national and international human rights standards through the law. Commissioners are known for their experience, knowledge and fundamental commitment to human rights. The composition of the Commission aims to reflect the geographical diversity of the world and its many legal systems. The Commission is supported by an International Secretariat based in Geneva, Switzerland, and staffed by lawyers drawn from a wide range of jurisdictions and legal traditions. The Secretariat and the Commission undertake advocacy and policy work aimed at strengthening the role of lawyers and judges in protecting and promoting human rights and the rule of law. In addition, the ICJ has national sections and affiliates in over 70 countries. Given the legal focus of the ICJ's wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Socialists (Egypt)
The Revolutionary Socialists ( ar, الاشتراكيون الثوريون; ) (RS) are a Trotskyist organisation in Egypt originating in the tradition of 'Socialism from Below'. Leading RS members include sociologist Sameh Naguib. The organisation produces a newspaper called ''The Socialist''. History The group began in the late 1980s among small circles of students influenced by Trotskyism. Adopting the current name by April 1995, the RS grew from a few active members, when the Egyptian left was very much underground, to a couple of hundred by the Second Palestinian Intifada. Despite not being able to freely organise under President Hosni Mubarak, the group's membership still increased due to their participation in the Palestinian solidarity movement. The intifada was seen to have a radicalising effect on Egyptian youth, which in turn helped to re-establish grassroots activism, which had long been repressed under the Mubarak regime. The RS' relationship with the outlawed Musli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arab Democratic Nasserist Party
The Arab Democratic Nasserist Party ( ar, الحزب العربي الديمقراطي الناصري, al-Hizb al-'Arabi al-Dimuqrati al-Nasseri) is a Nasserist political party in Egypt, styling itself as the ideological successor of the old Arab Socialist Union party of Egypt's second president, Gamal Abdel Nasser. At the 2000 parliamentary elections, the party won three out of 454 seats. However, at the 2005 and 2010 elections, the party failed to win any seats. At the 2015 election, the party won one seat. '' Al Arabi'', a weekly newspaper, is the organ of the party. History The economic liberalizations, and foreign policy changes implemented by Nasser's successor as president, Anwar El Sadat, alienated many ideological Nasserists in the late 1970s and early 1980s. One illegal group, the Thawrat Misri, or Egyptian Revolution was formed in 1980. After it was broken up by the government, several of Nasser's relatives were shown to be involved. Ideological Nasserists gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Democratic Movement (2017)
The Civil Democratic Movement (also called the National Civil Movement) is a liberal political movement formed in Egypt in 2017. The current alliance includes various parties that were also involved in the Civil Democratic Current; namely, the Constitution Party, the Dignity Party, Socialist Popular Alliance Party, Egyptian Social Democratic Party and the Bread and Freedom Party. Affiliated parties Numbers of seats in the 2020 parliament are shown in parentheses. *Bread and Freedom Party * Constitution Party * Dignity Party *Egyptian Social Democratic Party (first chamber:7 seats, second chamber:3 seats) *Freedom Egypt Party * Justice Party (first chamber:2 seats, second chamber:1 seats) *Reform and Development Misruna Party (first chamber:9 seats, second chamber:3 seats) *Socialist Popular Alliance Party The Socialist People's Alliance Party ( ar, حزب التحالف الشعبي الإشتراكي ''Hizb Al-Tahalof Al-Shaeby Al-Ishtiraky'', SPAP) is a leftist party in Eg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khaled Dawoud
Khaled Dawoud is the former leader of the Constitution Party of Egypt. Dawoud has been a journalist for Al-Ahram Weekly since 1996. Dawoud resigned as a spokesperson for the National Salvation Front (NSF) on 16 August 2013 in protest at the support of police violence against Mohamed Morsi Mohamed Mohamed Morsi Eissa al-AyyatThe spellings of his first and last names vary. survey of 14 news organizations plus Wikipedia in July 2012 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
25-30 Alliance
The 25-30 Alliance is an alliance of independents created to run in the Egyptian parliamentary election, 2015, 2015 Egyptian parliamentary election of 17 October to 2 December 2015. Creation The name of the alliance refers to the revolution that overthrew Hosni Mubarak on 25 January 2011 and the overthrow of Mohamed Morsi on 30 June 2013. In July 2014, members of the April 6 Youth Movement and Tamarod stated that they would join the alliance. The Free Egyptians Party stated that it might join the alliance. The alliance stated in March 2015 that it was not part of the Reawakening of Egypt list. Abdel-Hakim Abdel Nasser, son of former Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser, was one of the founders of the alliance. Structure , the 25-30 Alliance was led by Haitham El-Hariri. Policies and strategy The alliance included 25% quotas for women and youth in its electoral lists. The electoral strategy of the members of the alliance was to run for individual seats rather than as a formal g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dignity Party (Egypt)
The Dignity Party ( ar-at, حزب الكرامة, Ḥizb al-Karāma) is an Egyptian left-wing Nasserist Nasserism ( ) is an Arab nationalist and Arab socialist political ideology based on the thinking of Gamal Abdel Nasser, one of the two principal leaders of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and Egypt's second President. Spanning the domestic a ... political party founded in 1996. The current leader of the party is Mohamed Samy. In March 2016, the Popular Current Party merged into the Dignity Party. References External linksFacebook Page 1996 establishments in Egypt Arab nationalism in Egypt Egyptian democracy movements Nasserist political parties Nationalist parties in Egypt Political parties established in 1996 Socialist parties in Egypt {{Egypt-party-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
