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2012 Presidential Campaign
This national electoral calendar for 2012 lists the national/federal elections held in 2012 in all sovereign states and their dependent territories. By-elections are excluded, though national referendums are included. January *3–4 January: Egypt, People's Assembly (3rd phase 1st round) *10–11 January: Egypt, People's Assembly (3rd phase 2nd round) *13 January: Kiribati, President *14 January: Taiwan, President and Parliament *15 January: Kazakhstan, Assembly *22 January: **Croatia, EU Referendum **Finland, President (1st round) *29–30 January: Egypt, Consultative Council (1st phase 1st round) February *2 February: Kuwait, Parliament (election nullified) *5 February: Finland, President (2nd round) *5–6 February: Egypt, Consultative Council (1st phase 2nd round) *12 February: Turkmenistan, President *14–15 February: Egypt, Consultative Council (2nd phase 1st round) *18 February: Latvia, Constitutional Referendum *19–21 February: '' Sahrawi Arab Democratic Rep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federation
A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central federal government (federalism). In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states, as well as the division of power between them and the central government, is typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision, neither by the component states nor the federal political body. Alternatively, a federation is a form of government in which sovereign power is formally divided between a central authority and a number of constituent regions so that each region retains some degree of control over its internal affairs. It is often argued that federal states where the central government has overriding powers are not truly federal states. For example, such overriding powers may include: the constitutional authority to suspend a constituent state's government by in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2012 Finnish Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Finland in January and February 2012. The first round took place on 22 January 2012 with advance voting between 11 and 17 January. Since no candidate received a majority of the vote, a second round was held on 5 February, with advance voting between 25 and 31 January. Sauli Niinistö was elected the President of Finland for a term from 1 March 2012 until 1 March 2018. All eight political parties represented in Parliament nominated a candidate during the latter half of 2011. Incumbent President Tarja Halonen was ineligible for re-election, having served the maximum two terms. In the first round, no candidate received a majority of votes. Thus, a runoff election was held between Sauli Niinistö of the National Coalition Party, with 37% of the first-round vote, and Pekka Haavisto of the Green League, who received 18.8% of the first-round vote. Niinistö led the polls prior to the elections, while Haavisto was neck-and-neck with Paavo Väyrynen of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2012 Senegalese Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Senegal on 26 February 2012, amidst controversy over the constitutional validity of a third term for incumbent president Abdoulaye Wade. In the runoff on 25 March, Macky Sall defeated the incumbent president. The 2015 documentary film ''Incorruptible'' chronicles both campaigns as well as the youth movement Y'en a Marre, which led protests against Wade's administration. Background The 26 February 2012 date for the election was decreed by President of Senegal Abdoulaye Wade on 23 November 2010. President Wade indicated that he would stand for his third term, set at seven years by the constitution. While the 2001 constitution limits a President to two terms, Wade argued that his 2000 election to his first seven-year term falls under the previous constitution, which did not provide for term limits. 2010–2011 protests and violence In April 2010, Wade came under fire for unveiling the African Renaissance Monument, a monument that was deemed t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Senegal
Senegal elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a seven-year term by the people (between 2001 and 2008, it was a five-year term; this was changed back to the pre-2001 seven-year term in 2008, though incumbent president Macky Sall has stated he wants to have it reverted to five-year terms). The National Assembly (''Assemblée Nationale'') has 150 members, elected for a five-year term, in multi-seat constituencies. Senegal has a multi-party system. Latest elections Presidential elections Parliamentary elections See also *List of political parties in Senegal This article lists political parties in Senegal. Senegal presently has a multi-party system. Parties represented in the National Assembly Other parties * African Independence Party ( Majhemout Diop) * African Party for the Independence of ... References External linksAdam Carr's Election Archive [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2012 Yemeni Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Yemen on 21 February 2012. Acting President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi was the only candidate, and was subsequently sworn into office on 25 February 2012. Background During the Yemeni revolution, the Gulf Cooperation Council proposed an agreement whereby President Ali Abdullah Saleh would transfer his powers to Vice President Hadi. Saleh signed an agreement in Riyadh on 23 November 2011 under which he was to remain in office as a figurehead for up to three months, after which elections would be held. On 26 November, Hadi announced 21 February 2012 as the date for the elections. Campaign According to Prime Minister Mohammed Basindawa, the main opposition Joint Meeting Parties coalition and the ruling General People's Congress jointly nominated Hadi as their consensus candidate. The Houthis in northern Yemen called for a boycott of the vote, but said they would not stop those who wished to vote from doing so. In the same vein, the southern secessio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Yemen
Elections in Yemen take place within the framework of a presidential system, with both the President and House of Representatives elected by the public. Due to political instability, elections have not been held regularly since the early 2000s. Electoral history North Yemen Following the North Yemen Civil War and the establishment of the Yemen Arab Republic, a new constitution came into force in 1970 and the first parliamentary elections were held in 1971. However, as political parties were banned, all candidates ran as independents. Political instability meant that the next elections did not take place until 1988. The 1988 elections were also held on a non-party basis, although around 30 candidates sympathetic to the Muslim Brotherhood were elected. Inter-Parliamentary Union South Yemen During the British colonial era ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2012 Sahrawi Legislative Election
Elections to the Sahrawi National Council were held between 19 and 21 February 2012. The elections were only held in the Free Zone of Western Sahara and in Sahrawi refugee camps in Algeria, the rest of Western Sahara being under the ''de facto'' administration of Morocco. The elections were held after the 13th Congress of the Polisario Front, which took place two months earlier between 15 and 22 December 2011. The percentage of young people in the new Council stood at 42%, while women gained 25% of seats. Khatri Addouh was reelected Speaker of the Council on 28 February 2012. See also *Elections in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic *2008 Sahrawi legislative election References Elections in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Sahrawi Sahrawi Legislative Western Sahara Western Sahara ( '; ; ) is a disputed territory on the northwest coast and in the Maghreb region of North and West Africa. About 20% of the territory is controlled by the self-proclaimed Sahraw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) claims the Western Sahara, a territory largely administered by Morocco since Spain abandoned it in 1975. The sovereignty over Western Sahara is unresolved: the territory is contested by Morocco and Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed a government-in-exile of the SADR. The United Nations, which considers Western Sahara a non- decolonized territory, is attempting to hold a referendum on the issue through the mission Minurso. The UN-administered cease-fire had been in effect September 1991- November 2020. The SADR elects a legislature, the Sahrawi National Council (SNC), on a national level. The SNC, which is also referred to as the republic's parliament, has 51 members, elected after the General Popular Congress (GPC) of the Polisario Front. The 2012 election for the Sahrawi National Council took place between 19 February and 21 February 2012, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2012 Latvian Constitutional Referendum
A constitutional referendum on the "Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia" was held on 18 February 2012. Proposed amendments included Articles 4, 18, 21, 101 and 104 of the Constitution of Latvia by adding the condition about Russian as the second official language, as well as prescribing two working languages — Latvian and Russian — for self-government institutions. The referendum's question was "Do you support the adoption of the Draft Law "Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia" that provides for the Russian language the status of the second official language?". According to the 2011 census, Russian was the language primarily spoken at home by 37.2% of the residents, among them 60.3% in Latgale and 55.8% in Riga. Since 2000, Russian has been regarded as a foreign language according to the Official Language Law. Background In 2010 National Alliance started to collect signatures to force a referendum on whether all publicly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Latvia
Latvia elects on the national level a legislature. The Saeima has 100 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation with a 5% threshold. An unmodified Sainte-Laguë method is used to allocate seats. The parliamentary elections are held on the first Saturday of October. Locally, Latvia elects municipal councils, consisting of 7 to 60 members, depending on the size of the municipality, also by proportional representation for a four-year term. Latvia has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments. 2022 parliamentary election A parliamentary election was held on 1 October 2022. Referendums The Constitution of Latvia prescribes a referendum for five purposes: * recalling of the Parliament (Article 14) * acceding to the European Union (Article 68) * accepting substantial changes in the terms regarding the membership in the Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2012 Turkmenistani Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Turkmenistan on 12 February 2012. They were Turkmenistan's fourth presidential elections and decided who would be the country's president for the next five years. Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow won with 97% of the vote. Candidates Official # Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, incumbent President of Turkmenistan # Rejep Bazarow, deputy head of the Daşoguz Province # Kakageldi Abdullaýew, Governor of the Türkmenbaşy District # Gurbanmämmet Mollaniýazow, manager of Türkmennebit # Annageldi Orazberdiýewiç Ýazmyradow, Water Minister # Esendurdy Gaýypow, head of Lebapgurluşyk production association # Saparmyrat Batyrow, director of the Gökdepe textile mill # Ýarmuhammet Orazgulyýew, Deputy Energy and Industry Minister All of them are members of Turkmenistan's only political party, the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan. Declared interest # Nurmuhammet Hanamow, leader of the exiled Republican Party of Turkmenistan Denied # Aina Abayeva, English ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan elects on national level a head of state — the president — and a legislature. The elections in Turkmenistan since its split from the Soviet Union have been widely criticized for being completely fraudulent and attempting to give an appearance of legitimacy to what is in reality a dictatorship. Parties in Turkmenistan are the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan and the Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs. The president has a seven year term, while the legislature has a five-year term. Presidential elections On declaring independence from the Soviet Union, the president was to be elected for a five-year term by the people. President Saparmurat Niyazov, was elected unopposed on 21 June 1992. In a referendum in January 1994, it was decided that he would be president for eight more years. In 1999, the country's parliament named him president for life. He died on 21 December 2006. An election to replace him was held on 11 February 2007, which was won by ruling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
