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2011 Kazakh Presidential Election
Early presidential elections were held in Kazakhstan on 3 April 2011, having been originally scheduled for 2012. The elections were called after a plan for holding a referendum to increase president term limits to 2020 was rejected by the Constitutional Council. Nazarbayev was re-elected for a fourth term with 95% of the vote and a 90% turnout, against three nominal candidates. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) has complained about a lack of transparency and competition in the vote. Background A referendum on extending presidential term limits was proposed to be held around March 2011.Kazakh President Nazarbayev may stay in office until 2020: senior official Xinhua, 24 December 2010 President |
Percentage Point
A percentage point or percent point is the unit (measurement), unit for the Difference (mathematics), arithmetic difference between two percentages. For example, moving up from 40 percent to 44 percent is an increase of 4 percentage points, but a 10-percent increase in the quantity being measured. In literature, the unit is usually either written out, or abbreviated as ''pp'' or ''p.p.'' to avoid ambiguity. After the first occurrence, some writers abbreviate by using just "point" or "points". Differences between percentages and percentage points Consider the following hypothetical example: In 1980, 50 percent of the population smoked, and in 1990 only 40 percent of the population smoked. One can thus say that from 1980 to 1990, the prevalence of smoking decreased by 10 ''percentage points'' (or by 10 percent of the population) or by ''20 percent'' when talking about smokers only - percentages indicate proportionate part of a total. Percentage-point differences are one way to ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nur Otan
Amanat (), previously known as Nur Otan () until 2022, is a big tent political party in Kazakhstan. Being the largest to date, it has been the ruling party of the country from 1999, with a membership claiming to be of over 762,000 people in 2007.Kazakhstan: Ruling Party Gets Even Bigger RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty Amanat is led by since 26 April 2022. Under the 21-year leadership of former President since the party's founding, Amanat had constantly won Kazakhstan's [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ODIHR
The Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) is the principal institution of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) dealing with the " human dimension" of security. The Office, originally named Office for Free Elections, was created in 1990 by the Charter of Paris and established in 1991. The name of the office was changed in 1992 to reflect the broadened mandate it received at the 1992 Helsinki Summit. Based in Warsaw, Poland, ODIHR is active throughout the 57 participating States of the OSCE. It assists governments in meeting their commitments as participating States of the OSCE in the areas of elections, human rights, democracy, rule of law, and tolerance and non-discrimination. The Office also hosts the organization's Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues. On 4 December 2020, Matteo Mecacci of Italy, received a nomination for the position of ODIHR's Director. The office has a staff of some 180. ODIHR activities ODIHR is best kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RFE/RL
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a United States government funded organization that broadcasts and reports news, information, and analysis to countries in Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Caucasus, and the Middle East where it says that "the free flow of information is either banned by government authorities or not fully developed". RFE/RL is a private, non-profit 501(c)(3) corporation supervised by the U.S. Agency for Global Media, an independent government agency overseeing all U.S. federal government international broadcasting services. Daisy Sindelar is the vice president and editor-in-chief of RFE. RFE/RL broadcasts in 27 languages to 23 countries. The organization has been headquartered in Prague, Czech Republic, since 1995, and has 21 local bureaus with over 500 core staff and 1,300 stringers and freelancers in countries throughout their broadcast region. In addition, it has 700 employees at its headquarters and corporate office in Washington, D.C. Radio Free Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2005 Kazakhstan Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Kazakhstan on 4 December 2005. Incumbent president Nursultan Nazarbayev, in power since 1989, sought and won a 3rd term against four other candidates. Opposition candidates were allowed some access to the mass media, but this was still restricted. According to western election observers, opposition candidates also suffered considerable harassment. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) criticized the elections, calling them unfair, but noted improvements. Background On 22 June 2000, the Constitutional Council ruled that the President Nursultan Nazarbayev who was reelected in 1999 for second term, was in fact serving his first term due to the newly adopted Kazakhstan Constitution in 1995, which happened before his reelection bid. As a result, Nazarbayev was eligible to run for ''de facto'' third term. Prominent Kazakh official, Zharmakhan Tuyakbay, resigned as the Chair of the Mazhilis on 14 October 2004 after accusing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1999 Kazakhstan Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Kazakhstan on 10 January 1999. Incumbent president Nursultan Nazarbayev won the election with over 80% of the vote, and was sworn into office on 20 January 1999. Most observers viewed the election as blatantly unfair, further confirming that Nazarbayev was not interested in promoting a democratic system of government.Olcott, p119 Voter turnout was reported to be 87.0%. Background Kazakhstan's second presidential election was originally scheduled to occur in 1996. However, after a 1995 referendum the date was then set to be in December 2000. Parliamentary action in the fall of 1998, however, ultimately resulted in the election occurring in early 1999. On 7 October 1998, nineteen amendments to the constitution were passed by Parliament and signed into law by President Nazarbayev. One amendment to article 94 read: "''By consent of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan the present term of the powers of the President of the Republic may be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mels Eleuzisov
Mels is a municipality in the ''Wahlkreis'' (constituency) of Sarganserland in the Seeztal, canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland. History Mels is first mentioned in 765 as ''Maile'' though this comes from a later copy of the original document. In 1018 it was mentioned as ''Meilis''. Geography Mels has an area, , of . Of this area, 42.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 29.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 2.6% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (25.5%) is non-productive (rivers or lakes). The municipality is located in the Sarganserland ''Wahlkreis''. In terms of area, it is the largest municipality in the canton and covers the Weisstannen valley and a part of the Seez valley. Northwest of town is ''Castels'' hill and west of the Nidberg is Castels fortress. It consists of the village of Mels, the settlements of Heiligkreuz bei Mels, Plons, Ragnatsch, the hamlets of Butz, St. Martin, Mädris and Tils, the alpine settlement of Vermol as well as t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mels Eleusizov
Mels Hamzauly Eleusizov (, ''Mels Hamzaūly Eleusızov''; born 20 March 1950) is a Kazakh political activist and ecologist who is the Chairman of Tabigat Ecological Union. He campaigned in many of Kazakhstan's elections, mostly notably in the 2005 and 2011 presidential elections. Biography Early life and education Eleusizov was born in 1950 in the city of Alma-Ata (now Almaty). From 1968 to 1970, he served in the Soviet Army as a reserve captain before becoming a flight attendant, and Secretary of the Komsomol Committee of the Alma-Ata United Air Squadron. From 1975, Eleusizov worked in ARO-2, Jetysu shoe association, signaling and communication distance of the Alma-Ata railway while being the Head of the operational Komsomol Detachment of the Oktyabrsky District. In 1981, he graduated from the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University with a degree in law. In 1982, Eleusizov became the Deputy General Director of the Zerger Production Association. In 1984, he was the chief engin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
