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1997 Botswana Electoral Reform Referendum
A referendum on electoral reform was held in Botswana on 4 October 1997. The referendum had three separate proposals, and came following promises made by President Quett Masire after violent protests in 1995. EISA All three proposals were passed, although voter turnout was only around 17%. African Elections Database Question I The first question asked voters whether they approved of amending the , and replace the post of Supervisor of Elections, introduced following[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botswana
Botswana (, ), officially the Republic of Botswana ( tn, Lefatshe la Botswana, label=Setswana, ), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 percent of its territory being the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast, Namibia to the west and north, and Zimbabwe to the northeast. It is connected to Zambia across the short Zambezi River border by the Kazungula Bridge. A country of slightly over 2.3 million people, Botswana is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. About 11.6 percent of the population lives in the capital and largest city, Gaborone. Formerly one of the world's poorest countries—with a GDP per capita of about US$70 per year in the late 1960s—it has since transformed itself into an upper-middle-income country, with one of the world's fastest-growing economies. Modern-day humans first inhabited the country over 200,000 years ago. The Tswana ethnic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Botswana
The president of the Republic of Botswana is the head of state and the head of government of Botswana, as well as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, according to the Constitution of Botswana. The president is elected to a five-year term that runs concurrently with the term of the National Assembly. Since 1997, he has been limited to a total of 10 years in office (equivalent to two full terms), whether successive or separated. For example, if current president Mokgweetsi Masisi were to leave office in 2024, he could run again in 2029, but would have to leave office for good in 2034. The president is elected via a form of double simultaneous vote. All candidates for the National Assembly declare whom they endorse for president when they lodge their nomination papers, and the candidate who receives a majority of endorsements from the elected members of the National Assembly is automatically elected. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quett Masire
'Ketumile Quett Joni Masire'', GCMG (24 July 1926 – 22 June 2017) was the second and longest-serving President of Botswana, in office from 1980 to 1998. He was honored with the Knighthood of the Grand Cross of Saint Michael and Saint George by Her Majesty the Queen Elizabeth II in 1990. He was a leading figure in the independence movement and then the new government, and played a crucial role in facilitating and protecting Botswana's steady financial growth and development. He stepped down in 1998 and was succeeded by Vice-President Festus Mogae, who became the third President of Botswana. Early life Masire was born on 24 July 1926 in Kanye, Botswana into a cattle-herding family to Gaipone (née Kgopo) and Joni Masire. He grew up at a time when there was not much economic activity in the country other than being a lowly-paid migrant labourers in the mines of apartheid South Africa. From an early age Masire set himself apart through academic achievement. After graduating at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Botswana
The present Constitution of Botswana commenced on September 30, 1966. Background Before colonial rule was established in Botswana, a traditional constitution - a body of laws known as - was used by tribal chiefs, or diKgosi, of the Botswana people. During the early years of the Bechuanaland Protectorate, some non-Botswana also came to be ruled by these laws. Protectorate administrators kept elements, though not all, of this traditional constitution; much of it has lapsed today. In 1959, a Constitutional Committee of the Joint Advisory Council drew up the Protectorate's first formal constitution, which came into operation in 1960.Barry,, Morton,. ''Historical dictionary of Botswana''. Ramsay, Jeff,, Based on (work): Morton, Fred, 1939- (Fifth edition ed.). Lanham, Maryland. . OCLC 1037884220 In 1963 consultations began for a second constitution which would confer self-government. The 1965 general election was held under this constitution, which was modelled on the Westminster ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1987 Botswana Electoral Reform Referendum
A referendum on electoral reform was held in Botswana on 27 October 1987, the first time a referendum had been held in the country. The proposal involved the creation of the post of Supervisor of Elections, which would be appointed by the government. The referendum was passed with 78.1% of voters in favour. Following the referendum, the next general elections, held in 1989, were boycotted by the Botswana National Front because the reforms did not provide for an independent electoral commission. EISA The changes were reversed following another referendum in 1997. Results References {{Botswana elections |
Voting Age
A voting age is a minimum age established by law that a person must attain before they become eligible to vote in a public election. The most common voting age is 18 years; however, voting ages as low as 16 and as high as 25 currently exist (see list below). Most countries have set a minimum voting age, often set in their constitution. In a number of countries voting is compulsory for those eligible to vote, while in most it is optional. When the right to vote was being established in democracies, the voting age was generally set at 21 or higher. In the 1970s many countries reduced the voting age to 18. The debate is ongoing in a number of countries on proposals to reduce the voting age to or below 18. In Brazil, for example, the minimum age lowered from 18 to 16 years old in the 1988 constitution. History In 1890, Law No. 5, 1890, of the South African Republic, commonly known as Transvaal, set a voting age there of 18 years. The effort was, like later legislation expandin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1997 Referendums
File:1997 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The movie set of ''Titanic'', the highest-grossing movie in history at the time; ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', is published; Comet Hale-Bopp passes by Earth and becomes one of the most observed comets of the 20th century; Golden Bauhinia Square, where sovereignty of Hong Kong is handed over from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China; the 1997 Central European flood kills 114 people in the Czech Republic, Poland, and Germany; Korean Air Flight 801 crashes during heavy rain on Guam, killing 229; Mars Pathfinder and Sojourner land on Mars; flowers left outside Kensington Palace following the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, in a car crash in Paris., 300x300px, thumb rect 0 0 200 200 Titanic (1997 film) rect 200 0 400 200 Harry Potter rect 400 0 600 200 Comet Hale-Bopp rect 0 200 300 400 Death of Diana, Princess of Wales rect 300 200 600 400 Handover of Hong Kong rect 0 400 200 600 Mars Pathfind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1997 In Botswana
The following lists events that happened during the 1990s in Botswana. Incumbents * President: ** Quett Masire (1980–1998) ** Festus Mogae (1998–2008) * Vice President ** Peter Mmusi (1983–1992) ** Festus Mogae (1992–1998) ** Ian Khama (1998–2008) Events 1990 * Namibia is established as an independent country to the west of Botswana, giving the country another route to the ocean beside South Africa. 1991 * Sowa Soda Ash Works is established. * 12,000 public sector employees are removed from their positions for engaging in strike action. 1992 * March – Peter Mmusi steps down as vice president amid scandal. He is replaced by Festus Mogae. * 3 July – A ruling is made in favour of Unity Dow in '' Attorney General of Botswana v. Unity Dow''. 1993 * The Pula Fund, a sovereign wealth fund, is established. * The human rights group Ditshwanelo is founded. 1994 * Apartheid in neighbouring South Africa ends. * 11 July – The Directorate on Corruption ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Referendums In Botswana
A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a new policy or specific law, or the referendum may be only advisory. In some countries, it is synonymous with or commonly known by other names including plebiscite, votation, popular consultation, ballot question, ballot measure, or proposition. Some definitions of 'plebiscite' suggest it is a type of vote to change the constitution or government of a country. The word, 'referendum' is often a catchall, used for both legislative referrals and initiatives. Etymology 'Referendum' is the gerundive form of the Latin verb , literally "to carry back" (from the verb , "to bear, bring, carry" plus the inseparable prefix , here meaning "back"Marchant & Charles, Cassell's Latin Dictionary, 1928, p. 469.). As a gerundive is an adjective,A gerund ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral Reform In Botswana
An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operated since the 17th century. Elections may fill offices in the legislature, sometimes in the executive and judiciary, and for regional and local government. This process is also used in many other private and business organisations, from clubs to voluntary associations and corporations. The global use of elections as a tool for selecting representatives in modern representative democracies is in contrast with the practice in the democratic archetype, ancient Athens, where the elections were considered an oligarchic institution and most political offices were filled using sortition, also known as allotment, by which officeholders were chosen by lot. Electoral reform describes the process of introducing fair electoral systems where they are n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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