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1976 In Archaeology
The year 1976 in archaeology involved some significant events. Excavations *The Chaco Project (National Park Service and University of New Mexico) excavates fourteen rooms at Pueblo Alto from 1976 to 1978. *Hwangnyongsa, a large-scale Buddhist temple of the Korean Three Kingdoms state of Silla dating to AD 553 (excavations continue until 1983). *Excavations at Tell Brak, Syria, are begun by a team from the Institute of Archaeology of the University of London (continue until 1981). *Excavations at Tell el-'Oueili in Iraq are begun under the direction of Jean-Louis Huot (continue until 1989). *Excavations in the Karakum Desert by Viktor Sarianidi uncover the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex. *Excavations at Mezhirich, Ukraine, resume, by N. L. Korniets and M. I. Gladkih (continue to 1981). *Neolithic Tomb of the Eagles in Orkney first excavated by Ronald Simison. * Excavation at Twann Bahnhof neolithic pile dwelling site in Switzerland (begun 1974) concludes. * Chogha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeology
Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. It is usually considered an independent academic discipline, but may also be classified as part of anthropology (in North America – the four-field approach), history or geography. Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent decades. Archaeology is distinct from palaeontology, which is the study of fossil remains. Archaeology is particularly important for learning about prehistoric societies, for which, by definition, there are no written records. Prehistory includes over 99% of the human past, from the Paleolithic until the adven ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neolithic
The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several parts of the world. This "Neolithic package" included the introduction of farming, domestication of animals, and change from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to one of settlement. It began about 12,000 years ago when farming appeared in the Epipalaeolithic Near East, and later in other parts of the world. The Neolithic lasted in the Near East until the transitional period of the Chalcolithic (Copper Age) from about 6,500 years ago (4500 BC), marked by the development of metallurgy, leading up to the Bronze Age and Iron Age. In other places the Neolithic followed the Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) and then lasted until later. In Ancient Egypt, the Neolithic lasted until the Protodynastic period, 3150 BC.Karin Sowada and Peter Grave. Egypt in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aubrey Burl
Harry Aubrey Woodruff Burl HonFSA Scot (24 September 1926 – 8 April 2020) was a British archaeologist best known for his studies into megalithic monuments and the nature of prehistoric rituals associated with them. Before retirement he was Principal Lecturer in Archaeology, Hull College, East Riding of Yorkshire. Burl received a volume edited in his honour. He was called by ''The New York Times'', "the leading authority on British stone circles". Burl's work, while considering the astronomical roles of many megalithic monuments, was cautious of embracing the more tenuous claims of archaeoastronomy. In ''Prehistoric Avebury'' Burl proposed that Circles and Henge monuments, far from being astronomical observatories for a class of "astronomer priests" were more likely used for ritualistic practices, connected with death and fertility rites, and ancestor worship, similar to practices observed in other agricultural cultures (in particular the rituals of Native North American Tribes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcel Bénabou
Marcel Bénabou (29 June 1939, Meknes in Morocco) is a French writer and historian. Biography ''Emeritus'' professor of Roman history at the Paris Diderot University, Marcel Bénabou's work focuses on ancient Rome, in particular North Africa during Antiquity and acculturation and romanisation processes at work in these provinces. A member of the "Ouvroir de littérature potentielle" (or OuLiPo) since 1969, which he joined one year after his friend Georges Perec, the following year he became the definitively provisional secretary. Since 2003 he combines this function with that of provisionally definitive secretary. His Oulipian works often focus on the genesis of literary work and autobiography. He appears in the guise of the lawyer Hassan Ibn Abbou in the novel ''La Disparition'' by his friend Georges Perec. Works Some historical works * ''Suétone, les Césars et l'histoire, introduction à La vie des douze Césars'', éd. Folio, Gallimard, Paris 1975, 7-30. * ''La Rés ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mick Aston
Michael Antony Aston (1 July 1946 – 24 June 2013) was an English archaeologist who specialised in Early Medieval landscape archaeology. Over the course of his career, he lectured at both the University of Bristol and University of Oxford and published fifteen books on archaeological subjects. A keen populariser of the discipline, Aston was widely known for appearing as the resident academic on the Channel 4 television series ''Time Team'' from 1994 to 2011. Born in Oldbury, Worcestershire, to a working-class family, Aston developed an early interest in archaeology, studying it as a subsidiary to geography at the University of Birmingham. In 1970, he began his career working for the Oxford City and County Museum and there began his work in public outreach by running extramural classes in archaeology and presenting a series on the subject for Radio Oxford. In 1974, he was appointed the first County Archaeologist for Somerset, there developing an interest in aerial archaeology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sonia Chadwick Hawkes
Sonia Chadwick Hawkes, (5 November 1933 – 30 May 1999) was a leading specialist in early Anglo-Saxon archaeology, described as a "discerning systematiser of the great array of Anglo-Saxon grave furnishings". She led major excavations on Anglo-Saxon cemeteries at Finglesham in Kent and Worthy Park in Hampshire. Biography Early life Born Sonia Elizabeth Chadwick, on 5 November 1933 in Crayford, she was the only child of Albert Andrew Chadwick and Doris Chadwick (formerly Doris Benger). The ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' notes that Albert Andrew Chadwick was an engineer, but gives no information on Doris Chadwick beyond her name. She excavated at Lullingstone Roman Villa (Kent) as a school girl, and at an early medieval site at Morgan Porth (Cornwall) from 1951 to 1953. The experience at Morgan Porth shaped her later interest in early medieval archaeology. She studied English at Bedford College, University of London, before undertaking research at Birkbeck Col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Updown Early Medieval Cemetery
Updown early medieval cemetery in Eastry railway station, Eastry, Kent, United Kingdom was used as a burial place in the 7th century. Eastry was an important administrative centre in the Kingdom of Kent. Updown was one of four cemeteries in and around Eastry. The cemetery measures roughly and may have encompassed around 300 graves. The site was rediscovered in 1973 in the grounds of Updown House, from which the cemetery took its name. Part of it was protected as a scheduled monument two years later. Excavations followed in 1976 by Sonia Chadwick Hawkes and 1989 by Brian Philp, both times ahead of development plans in the area: first a pipeline and then a bypass. A total of 78 graves were investigated. Ancient DNA from five of the burials was tested in the 2020s. This led to the discovery that one of the individuals in the cemetery, dubbed Updown Girl, had mixed European and West African ancestry. Background Eastry was part of the Kingdom of Kent, and the archaeologist Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Watch Hill Castle
Watch Hill Castle (also known as Yarwood Castle, Castle Hill, and Bowdon Watch) is a medieval motte-and-bailey on the boundary of Bowdon, Greater Manchester, Bowdon and Dunham Massey, Greater Manchester, England. It is a scheduled monument. The castle is located north of the River Bollin and south of a deep ravine ().Redhead (1997), p. 34. History Substantial dating evidence has not been recovered from the site, but the form of the castle as a timber motte-and-bailey would date it to between the Norman Conquest and the 13th century.Redhead (1997), p. 35. The lack of documentary evidence relating to the castle may be attributed to the short term nature of the timber construction; motte-and-baileys were quick to establish and would not necessarily have been used for long periods. A coin found on the site dating to the reign of Henry II of England, Henry II, 1154 to 1189, may indicate that the castle was built during this period. The castle most likely belonged to Hamon de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan to the north, by Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. It covers an area of , making it the 17th-largest country. Iran has a population of 86 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the Middle East. Its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Shiraz, and Tabriz. The country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC. It was first unified by the Medes, an ancient Iranian people, in the seventh century BC, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BC, when Cyrus the Great fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chogha Bonut
Chogha Bonut (Persian ''Choghā bonut'') is an archaeological site in south-western Iran, located in the Khuzistan Province. The site is about 20km southeast of Dezful, and 5km west of Chogha Mish, another ancient site. It is believed that the site was settled as early as 7200 BCE, making it the oldest lowland village in south-western Iran. This settlement on the Susiana Plain played a big role in the early Elam civilization. Later, this area became dominated by Susa. The site is important because it preserves a record of preceramic period settlement in Iran. Archaeology The site has an area about 50 meters in diameter and about 5 meters in height. It was accidentally discovered in 1976 when the mound was being leveled for agribusiness development. Helene Kantor, then working at Chogha Mish nearby, hurried to the site and received a permit to investigate it. Kantor remained for two seasons (1976/77 and 1977/78), but was unable to return in 1979 due to the Iranian Revolution. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1974 In Archaeology
The year 1974 in archaeology involved some significant events. Excavations * January 19–20: New Zealand Railways K class (1877) steam locomotive K 88 ''Washington'' is recovered from the Branxholme locomotive dump in the Ōreti River. * Project at Lamanai, Belize begins, directed by David M. Pendergast of the Royal Ontario Museum (continues through 1988). * Excavation at Twann Bahnhof neolithic pile dwelling site in Switzerland begins (continues through 1976). * Excavation of Panlongcheng Erligang culture site in China begins. * Excavation conducted in Azokh Cave finding material from the Guruchay culture in Azerbaijan. Finds * 26 February: ' Mungo Man', the skeleton of an individual subsequently determined to be around 40,000 years BP, discovered near Mungo Lake in New South Wales by Australian National University geomorphologist Dr. Jim Bowler. * 29 March: Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang discovered at Xi'an, China. * 4 April: High-status stone cist burial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pile Dwelling
Stilt houses (also called pile dwellings or lake dwellings) are houses raised on stilts (or piles) over the surface of the soil or a body of water. Stilt houses are built primarily as a protection against flooding; they also keep out vermin. The shady space under the house can be used for work or storage. Arctic Houses where permafrost is present, in the Arctic, are built on stilts to keep permafrost under them from melting. Permafrost can be up to 70% water. While frozen, it provides a stable foundation. However, if heat radiating from the bottom of a home melts the permafrost, the home goes out of level and starts sinking into the ground. Other means of keeping the permafrost from melting are available, but raising the home off the ground on stilts is one of the most effective ways. Indo-Pacific Raised rectangular houses are one of the cultural hallmarks of the Austronesian peoples and are found throughout the regions in Island Southeast Asia, Island Melanesia, Micronesi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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