1955 Sammarinese General Election
General elections were held in San Marino on 14 August 1955.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1678 Although the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party remained the largest party, winning 23 of the 60 seats in the Grand and General Council,Nohlen & Stöver, p1690 the alliance of the Sammarinese Communist Party and Sammarinese Socialist Party retained its majority. Electoral system Voters had to be citizens of San Marino, male and at least 24 years old. Results References San Marino General elections in San Marino General San Marino San Marino (, ), officially the Republic of San Marino ( it, Repubblica di San Marino; ), also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino ( it, Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino, links=no), is the fifth-smallest country in the world an ...

1951 San Marino General Election
General elections were held in San Marino on 16 September 1951.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1678 The Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party emerged as the largest single party, winning 26 of the 60 seats in the Grand and General Council.Nohlen & Stöver, p1690 However, the Committee of Freedom alliance held a majority of 31 seats. Electoral system Voters had to be citizens of San Marino, male and at least 24 years old. Results References San Marino General elections in San Marino 1951 in San Marino San Marino San Marino (, ), officially the Republic of San Marino ( it, Repubblica di San Marino; ), also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino ( it, Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino, links=no), is the fifth-smallest country in the world an ...

1959 San Marino General Election
General elections were held in San Marino on 13 September 1959.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1678 The Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party remained the largest party, winning 27 of the 60 seats in the Grand and General Council,Nohlen & Stöver, p1690 and formed a coalition with the Independent Democratic Socialist Party. Electoral system Voters had to be citizens of San Marino, male and at least 24 years old. Results References San Marino General elections in San Marino General San Marino San Marino (, ), officially the Republic of San Marino ( it, Repubblica di San Marino; ), also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino ( it, Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino, links=no), is the fifth-smallest country in the world an ...

Grand And General Council
The Grand and General Council ( it, Consiglio Grande e Generale) is the parliament of San Marino. The council has 60 members elected for a five-year term. History From the fifth century San Marino was ruled by an assembly composed by all the family heads known as the Arengo. However, as population grew, such a body became more and more dysfunctional, with its functioning being crippled by feuds between families. While the exact timing is unknown, there is historical evidence that by the early 13th century the citizens of San Marino elected an assembly called Council of the LX, which was also known as the Grand and General Council. In this first stage the power was shared between the Arengo and the Council, with the latter gaining more and more power over the centuries. This process culminated in the 1600 statutes which defined the Council as the "supreme, absolute and unique prince of the community" attributing to it "the right over life, death and goods of every citizen" ...
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Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party
The Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party ( it, Partito Democratico Cristiano Sammarinese, PDCS) is a Christian-democratic political party in San Marino. The PDCS is an observer member of the European People's Party (EPP), having joined the EPP in 1993. Its Italian counterpart was the now-dissolved Christian Democracy. Its internal left-wing faction left in 2006 to form the Centre Democrats and was joined by the social democrats of Arengo and Freedom. It is led by Giovanni Lonfernini, a former Captain-Regent. In the 2006 general election PDCS won the 32.9% of the vote and 21 out of 60 seats in the Grand and General Council. The party stood in opposition to the 2006-2008 governing political coalition of Party of Socialists and Democrats, Popular Alliance and United Left. For the 2008 general election the party was part of the Pact for San Marino coalition and gave hospitality in its list to some candidates of the Euro-Populars for San Marino and Arengo and Freedom. Th ...
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Sammarinese Communist Party
The Sammarinese Communist Party ( it, Partito Comunista Sammarinese, abbreviated PCS) was a Marxist political party in the small European republic of San Marino. It was founded in 1921 as a section of the Communist Party of Italy (PCI). The organization existed for its first two decades as an underground political organization. Between 1945 and the spring of 1957 the PCS governed the country in coalition with the Sammarinese Socialist Party (PSS). The communist-socialist coalition lost power in the events known as ''Fatti di Rovereta''. The PCS returned to membership in a governing parliamentary coalition in 1978, with its adherents remaining as part of the leadership group until 1992. In 1991, with the fall of the Soviet Union, the PCS formally renounced communism and relaunched itself Sammarinese Democratic Progressive Party (PPDS). History Establishment San Marino is a European microstate, considered the third smallest in Europe with an area of just 61 square kilometers (24 s ...
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Sammarinese Socialist Party
The Sammarinese Socialist Party ( it, Partito Socialista Sammarinese, PSS) was a socialist and, later, social-democratic political party in San Marino. Its Italian counterpart was the Italian Socialist Party and its international affiliation was with the Socialist International. There was a previous party of the same name existing from 1892 until 1926 when it was banned during Fascist rule. In the 1940s and 1950s the party was closely linked to the Sammarinese Communist Party (PCS) and this led the moderates of the party to split and form the Sammarinese Independent Democratic Socialist Party (PSDIS) in 1957. Later the PSS distanced itself from the PCS and entered in coalition with the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party (PDCS) and PSDIS, which was re-united with the PSS in the early 1990s. In the 2001 general election the PSS won 24.2% and 15 seats of 60 in the Grand and General Council and governed as the junior partner in a coalition with the PDCS until 2005, when it m ...
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Sammarinese Democratic Socialist Party
The Sammarinese Democratic Socialist Party ( it, Partito Socialista Democratico Sammarinese, PSDS) was a political party in San Marino. History The party began as a loose group of MPs in the Grand and General Council, and was part of the Popular Alliance alongside the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party. It began to formally campaign under the PSDS name for the 1951 general elections,Vincent E. McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe: Poland-Yugoslavia'', Greenwood Press, p817 in which it won three seats. It was reduced to two seats in the 1955 elections, and ceased to exist in 1957 when it merged with a group of six MPs who had left the Sammarinese Socialist Party to form the Sammarinese Independent Democratic Socialist Party The Sammarinese Independent Democratic Socialist Party ( it, Partito Socialista Democratico Indipendente Sammarinese, PSDIS) was a social-democratic political party in San Marino. Its Italian counterpart was the Italian Democratic Socialist Party. ...
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San Marino
San Marino (, ), officially the Republic of San Marino ( it, Repubblica di San Marino; ), also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino ( it, Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino, links=no), is the fifth-smallest country in the world and a European microstate in Southern Europe enclaved by Italy. Located on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains, San Marino covers a land area of just over , and has a population of 33,562. San Marino is a landlocked country; however, its northeastern end is within of the Italian city of Rimini on the Adriatic coast. The nearest airport is also in Italy. The country's capital city, the City of San Marino, is located atop Monte Titano, while its largest settlement is Dogana within the largest municipality of Serravalle. San Marino's official language is Italian. The country derives its name from Saint Marinus, a stonemason from the then-Roman island of Rab in present-day Croatia. Born in AD 275, Marinus participated in the re ...
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Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral system An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections ma ...s and political development, he has published several books.About the contributors
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Bibliography

Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Electi ...
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Committee Of Freedom
The Committee of Freedom ( it, Comita Libertà) was a political alliance in San Marino. History The alliance was formed by the Sammarinese Socialist Party and the Sammarinese Communist Party, and was opposed by the Popular Alliance, an alliance of the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party and the Sammarinese Democratic Socialist Party. It won 40 of the 60 seats in the Grand and General Council in the 1945 elections. The 1949 elections saw it reduced to 35 seats. The two parties retained their combined majority in the 1951 elections, although it won only 31 seats. The alliance was formally abandoned for the 1955 elections. However, the parties continued to co-operate, with their coalition continuing to be known as the "Committee of Freedom". The parties remained in government until 1957, when six Socialist Party MPs left to merge with the Socialist Democratic Party to form the Sammarinese Independent Democratic Socialist Party The Sammarinese Independent Democratic Socialis ...
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1955 Elections In Europe
Events January * January 3 – José Ramón Guizado becomes president of Panama. * January 17 – , the first Nuclear marine propulsion, nuclear-powered submarine, puts to sea for the first time, from Groton, Connecticut. * January 18–January 20, 20 – Battle of Yijiangshan Islands: The Chinese Communist People's Liberation Army seizes the islands from the Republic of China (Taiwan). * January 22 – In the United States, The Pentagon announces a plan to develop intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), armed with nuclear weapons. * January 23 – The Sutton Coldfield rail crash kills 17, near Birmingham, England. * January 25 – The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union announces the end of the war between the USSR and Germany, which began during World War II in 1941. * January 28 – The United States Congress authorizes President Dwight D. Eisenhower to use force to protect Taiwan, Formosa from the People's Republic of China. February * February ...
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General Elections In San Marino
A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED Online. March 2021. Oxford University Press. https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/77489?rskey=dCKrg4&result=1 (accessed May 11, 2021) The term ''general'' is used in two ways: as the generic title for all grades of general officer and as a specific rank. It originates in the 16th century, as a shortening of ''captain general'', which rank was taken from Middle French ''capitaine général''. The adjective ''general'' had been affixed to officer designations since the late medieval period to indicate relative superiority or an extended jurisdiction. Today, the title of ''general'' is known in some countries as a four-star rank. However, different countries use different systems of stars or other insignia for senior ranks. It has a NATO rank scal ...
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