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1911 In Paleontology
Expeditions, field work, and fossil discoveries Institutions and organizations Natural history museums * The Calgary Public Museum opened in Alberta, Canada. Scientific organizations Scientific advances Paleoanthropology Paleobotany Evolutionary biology Exopaleontology Extinction research Micropaleontology Invertebrate paleozoology Trace fossils Vertebrate paleozoology Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list. Research techniques Fossil trade Law and politics Regulation of fossil collection, transport, or sale Fossil-related crime Official symbols Protected areas Ethics and practice Hoaxes Scandals Unethical practice People Births Awards and recognition Deaths Historiography and anthropology of paleontology Pseudoscience Popular culture Amusement parks and attractions Art Comics Film Gaming Literature Philately Television See also References {{Reflist, refs= D. H. Tanke. 2010. Lost in plain sight: redis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sidneyia
''Sidneyia'' is an extinct arthropod known from fossils found from the Early Cambrian-age Maotianshan Shales to the Mid Cambrian Burgess Shale formation of British Columbia. 144 specimens of ''Sidneyia'' are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 0.27% of the community. General description ''Sidneyia'' ranged from in length and is one of the largest arthropods found at the site. It is thought to have been a benthic carnivore and scavenger that walked along the sea floor in search of hard-shelled prey. Gut contents have revealed that ''Sidneyia'' fed largely on small trilobites, as well as on brachiopods, hyoliths and small arthropods. The gut was narrow, but widens posteriorly to form a pocket where digestion presumably took place. The retention of feces likely indicates infrequent feeding Its exquisitely preserved gnathobases resemble those of ''Limulus'', and were probably used to crush prey. ''Sidneyia'' was discovered in 1910 during the first day of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinocephalia
Dinocephalians (terrible heads) are a clade of large-bodied early therapsids that flourished in the Early and Middle Permian between 279.5 and 260 million years ago (Ma), but became extinct during the Capitanian mass extinction event. Dinocephalians included herbivorous, carnivorous, and omnivorous forms. Many species had thickened skulls with many knobs and bony projections. Dinocephalians were the first non-mammalian therapsids to be scientifically described and their fossils are known from Russia, China, Brazil, South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Tanzania. Description Apart from the Biarmosuchians, the dinocephalians are the least advanced therapsids, although still uniquely specialised in their own way. They retain a number of primitive characteristics (e.g. no secondary palate, small dentary) shared with their pelycosaur ancestors, although they are also more advanced in possessing therapsid adaptations like the expansion of the ilium and more erect limbs. They include carni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coelophysis
''Coelophysis'' ( traditionally; or , as heard more commonly in recent decades) is an extinct genus of coelophysid theropod dinosaur that lived approximately 228 to 201.3 million years ago during the latter part of the Triassic Period from the Carnian and Rhaetian faunal stages in what is now the southwestern United States. ''Megapnosaurus'' was once considered a species within this genus,Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Early Jurassic, Africa)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 535–536. but this interpretation has been challenged since 2017 and the genus ''Megapnosaurus'' is now considered valid. ''Coelophysis'' was a small, slenderly-built, ground-dwelling, bipedal carnivore that could grow up to long. It is one of the earliest known dinosaur genera. Scattered material representing similar animals has been found worldwide in some Late Tria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podokesaurus
''Podokesaurus'' is a genus of coelophysoid dinosaur that lived in what is now the eastern United States during the Early Jurassic Period. The first fossil was discovered by the geologist Mignon Talbot near Mount Holyoke, Massachusetts, in 1910. The specimen was fragmentary, preserving much of the body, limbs, and tail. In 1911, Talbot described and named the new genus and species ''Podokesaurus holyokensis'' based on it. The full name can be translated as "swift-footed lizard of Holyoke". This discovery made Talbot the first woman to find and describe a non-bird dinosaur. The holotype fossil was recognized as significant and was studied by other researchers, but was lost when the building it was kept in burned down in 1917; no unequivocal ''Podokesaurus'' specimens have since been discovered. It was made state dinosaur of Massachusetts in 2022. Estimated to have been about in length and in weight, ''Podokesaurus'' was lightly constructed with hollow bones, and would have bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyposaurus
''Gyposaurus'' (meaning "vulture lizard", referring to the outdated hypothesis that prosauropods were carnivores) is a genus of basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the early Jurassic of South Africa. It is usually considered to represent juveniles of other prosauropods, but ''"G." sinensis'' is regarded as a possibly valid species. Taxonomy ''G. capensis'' was named in 1911 by Scottish physician and paleontologist Robert Broom from a partial skeleton consisting of eleven dorsal and six caudal vertebrae, ribs, gastralia, partial right scapula, right pelvic girdle, left ilium, and most of the right leg, discovered in the Upper Elliot Formation of Orange Free State, South Africa. Originally, he thought the specimen belonged to the dubious genus ''Hortalotarsus''. Galton and Cluver placed it in the genus ''Anchisaurus'' in 1976, but Michael Cooper synonymized it with ''Massospondylus'' in 1981, which has been generally accepted. ''"G." sinensis'' was named by Yang Zhongjian ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gryponyx
''Gryponyx'' (meaning "hooked-claw") is an extinct genus of massopod sauropodomorph known from southern Free State, central South Africa.Broom, R. (1911). On the dinosaurs of the Stormberg, South Africa. ''Annals of the South African Museum'' 7(4):291-308. Description ''Gryponyx africanus'' is known from the holotype SAM 3357-59, a nearly complete postcranial skeleton which includes partial vertebral column, pelvis, both forelimbs and both hindlimbs. ''Gryponyx'' has been estimated to have been about in length. It was collected from the Upper Elliot Formation of the Stormberg Group (Karoo Basin), dating to the Hettangian to Sinemurian stages of the Lower Jurassic period. It was originally described by Broom (1911) as a theropod. Huene (1932) named the family Gryponychidae to contain ''Gryponyx'' and ''Aetonyx'' and placed it within Carnosauria.Friedrich von Huene (1932) Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. ''Monographien zur Geologie u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geranosaurus
''Geranosaurus'' (meaning "crane reptile") is a genus of ornithischian dinosaur from the Early Jurassic. It is known only from crushed fragments of the skull, a single jaw bone with nine tooth stubs and limb elements discovered in the Clarens Formation The Clarens Formation is a geological formation found in several localities in Lesotho and in the Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, and Eastern Cape provinces in South Africa. It is the uppermost of the three formations found in the Stormberg Group of ..., South Africa in 1871. Because of the limited remains, it is considered a ''nomen dubium''. It is classified as an ornithischian based on the jaw, probably a heterodontosauridae, heterodontosaurid.P. C. Sereno. 2012. Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ''Zookeys'' 226:1-225 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano] It was around tall and around long when fully grown. The type species, ''G. atavus'', was described by Robert Broom in 1911.R. Broom, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massospondylus
''Massospondylus'' ( ; from Greek, (massōn, "longer") and (spondylos, "vertebra")) is a genus of sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic. (Hettangian to Pliensbachian ages, ca. 200–183 million years ago). It was described by Sir Richard Owen in 1854 from remains discovered in South Africa, and is thus one of the first dinosaurs to have been named. Fossils have since been found at other locations in South Africa, Lesotho, and Zimbabwe. Material from Arizona's Kayenta Formation, India, and Argentina has been assigned to the genus at various times, but the Arizonan and Argentinian material are now assigned to other genera. The type species is ''M. carinatus''; seven other species have been named during the past 150 years, but only ''M. kaalae'' is still considered valid. Early sauropodomorph systematics have undergone numerous revisions during the last several years, and many scientists disagree where exactly ''Massospondylus'' lies on the dinosaur evolutiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Junior Synonym
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name (under the currently used system of scientific nomenclature) to the Norway spruce, which he called ''Pinus abies''. This name is no longer in use, so it is now a synonym of the current scientific name, ''Picea abies''. * In zoology, moving a species from one genus to another results in a different binomen, but the name is considered an alternative combination rather than a synonym. The concept of synonymy in zoology is reserved for two names at the same rank that refers to a taxon at that rank - for example, the name ''Papilio prorsa'' Linnaeus, 1758 is a junior synonym of ''Papilio levana'' Linnaeus, 1758, being names for different seasonal forms of the species now referred to as ''Araschnia lev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aetonyx
''Massospondylus'' ( ; from Greek, (massōn, "longer") and (spondylos, "vertebra")) is a genus of sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic. (Hettangian to Pliensbachian ages, ca. 200–183 million years ago). It was described by Sir Richard Owen in 1854 from remains discovered in South Africa, and is thus one of the first dinosaurs to have been named. Fossils have since been found at other locations in South Africa, Lesotho, and Zimbabwe. Material from Arizona's Kayenta Formation, India, and Argentina has been assigned to the genus at various times, but the Arizonan and Argentinian material are now assigned to other genera. The type species is ''M. carinatus''; seven other species have been named during the past 150 years, but only ''M. kaalae'' is still considered valid. Early sauropodomorph systematics have undergone numerous revisions during the last several years, and many scientists disagree where exactly ''Massospondylus'' lies on the dinosaur evolutionar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microcleidus
''Microcleidus'' is an extinct genus of sauropterygian reptile belonging to the Plesiosauroidea. The species has 40 neck vertebrae and a short tail of 28 vertebrae. Fossils of the genus have been found in France, the Posidonia Shale in Germany and Luxembourg, and the Alum Shale Formation of England. Description The type species, ''M. homalospondylus'', was the largest, measuring long and weighing . Other species were smaller: ''M. tournemirensis'' was about long and weighed , and ''M. melusinae'' was about long and weighed . Classification Species include: ''Microcleidus homalospondylus'' (Owen 1865) and ''Microcleidus macropterus'' (Seeley 1865). ''Occitanosaurus tournemirensis'' (originally ''"Plesiosaurus" tournemirensis''), was named by Sciau ''et al.'' in 1990, based on a nearly complete skeleton of an animal approximately 4 meters (13 ft) long.Ketchum HF, Benson RBJ. Global interrelationships of Plesiosaur (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) and the pivotal role of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taognathus
''Taognathus'' is an extinct genus of dicynodont, a non-mammalian synapsid. ''Taognathus'' lived in South Africa during the Lopingian, and was named by Scottish South African doctor and paleontologist Robert Broom in 1911. Its diet was herbivorous. See also * List of therapsids This list of therapsids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the Therapsida excluding mammals and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera tha ... References Paleofile.com External links !--Does not appear to mention this organism--> Dicynodonts Lopingian synapsids of Africa Fossil taxa described in 1911 Taxa named by Robert Broom Lopingian genus first appearances Lopingian genus extinctions {{anomodont-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
