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18th Army (German Empire)
The 18th Army (german: 18. Armee / Armeeoberkommando 18 / A.O.K. 18) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed against France on 27 December 1917 from the former Heeresgruppe Woyrsch command. It served exclusively on the Western Front and was dissolved on 2 January 1919. History 18th Army was one of three armies (along with 17th Army and 19th Army) formed in late 1917 / early 1918 with forces withdrawn from the Eastern Front. They were in place to take part in Ludendorff's German spring offensive. The Germans had realised that their only remaining chance of victory was to defeat the Allies before the overwhelming human and matériel resources of the United States could be deployed. They also had the temporary advantage in numbers afforded by nearly 50 divisions freed by the Russian withdrawal from the war (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk). At the end of the war it was serving as part of ''Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz''. Order of Battle, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army
An army (from Old French ''armee'', itself derived from the Latin verb ''armāre'', meaning "to arm", and related to the Latin noun ''arma'', meaning "arms" or "weapons"), ground force or land force is a fighting force that fights primarily on land. In the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch or armed service of a nation or country. It may also include aviation assets by possessing an army aviation component. Within a national military force, the word army may also mean a field army. In some countries, such as France and China, the term "army", especially in its plural form "armies", has the broader meaning of armed forces as a whole, while retaining the colloquial sense of land forces. To differentiate the colloquial army from the formal concept of military force, the term is qualified, for example in France the land force is called ''Armée de terre'', meaning Land Army, and the air and space force is called ''Armée de l'Air et de l’Espace' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
15th Reserve Division (German Empire)
The 15th Reserve Division (''15. Reserve-Division'') was a unit of the Prussian Army within the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 as part of VIII Reserve Corps. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was recruited primarily in the Prussian Rhine Province. At the beginning of the war, it formed the VIII Reserve Corps with the 16th Reserve Division. Combat chronicle The 15th Reserve Division fought on the Western Front, participating in the opening German offensive which led to the Allied Great Retreat, fighting at Sedan in late August 1914. It fought in the First Battle of the Marne. Thereafter, it remained in the line in the Champagne region and fought in the Second Battle of Champagne in September–October 1915. It fought on the Aisne until September 1916, and then joined the Battle of the Somme The Battle of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
82nd Reserve Division (German Empire)
The 82nd Reserve Division (''82. Reserve-Division'') was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed at the end of December 1914 and organized over the next month, arriving in the line in early February 1915. It was part of the second large wave of new divisions formed at the outset of World War I, which were numbered the 75th through 82nd Reserve Divisions. The division was initially part of XXXXI Reserve Corps. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was recruited in various Prussian provinces, primarily Brandenburg and Silesia. Combat chronicle The 82nd Reserve Division initially fought on the Western Front, seeing its first action in the trenches west of the Somme. It was transferred to the Eastern Front in April 1915, and fought in the Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive, crossing the San River and fighting around Przemyśl, and then fighting in the 1915 Battle of Lemberg. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st Reserve Division (German Empire)
The 1st Reserve Division (''1. Reserve-Division'') was a reserve infantry division of the Imperial German Army in World War I. It was formed, on mobilization in August 1914, from reserve infantry units, primarily from East Prussia, and was part of I Reserve Corps. The division served on the Eastern Front from the beginning of the war until October 1917, after which it was transferred to the Western Front for the war's final campaigns. It was rated a third class division by Allied intelligence, mainly due to its losses in heavy fighting and reduced quality of replacement troops. August 1914 organization The 1st Reserve Division's initial wartime organization was as follows:Cron et al., ''Ruhmeshalle'' *1.Reserve-Infanterie-Brigade: **Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 1 **Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 3 *72.Reserve-Infanterie-Brigade: **Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 18 **Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 59 **Reserve-Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 1 *Reserve-Ulanen-Regiment Nr. 1 *Reserve- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2nd Division (German Empire)
The 2nd Division (''2. Division'') was a unit of the Prussian/German Army. It was formed in Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) in March 1816 as a Troop Brigade (''Truppen-Brigade''). It became the 2nd Division on September 5, 1818. In 1890, the headquarters of the division was relocated to Königsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia), then the capital of East Prussia.Wegner, p. 91. In 1899, the headquarters was moved to Insterburg (now Chernyakhovsk, Russia), further inland and closer to the border with the Russian Empire. From the latter's formation in 1820, the division was subordinated in peacetime to the I Army Corps (''I. Armeekorps''). The 2nd Division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The 2nd Division and its regiments fought in the Austro-Prussian War against Austria in 1866, including the Battle of Königgrätz. The division then fought in the Franco-Prussian War against France in 1870-71. Its regiments saw action in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
81st Reserve Division (German Empire)
The 81st Reserve Division (''81. Reserve-Division'') was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed at the end of December 1914 and organized over the next month, arriving in the line in early February 1915. It was part of the second large wave of new divisions formed at the outset of World War I, which were numbered the 75th through 82nd Reserve Divisions. The division was initially part of XXXXI Reserve Corps. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was recruited in various Prussian provinces: Brandenburg, Pomerania, and West Prussia. Combat chronicle The 81st Reserve Division initially fought on the Western Front, seeing its first action in the trenches west of the Somme. It was transferred to the Eastern Front in April 1915, and fought in the Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive, crossing the San River and fighting around Przemyśl, and then fighting in the 1915 Battle of Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
XVIII Reserve Corps (German Empire)
The XVIII Reserve Corps (german: XVIII. Reserve-Korps / XVIII RK) was a corps level command of the German Army in World War I. Formation XVIII Reserve Corps was formed on the outbreak of the war in August 1914 as part of the mobilisation of the Army. It was initially commanded by Generalleutnant Kuno von Steuben, formerly of the Prussian War Academy. It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 18th Army, ''Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz'' on the Western Front. Structure on formation On formation in August 1914, XVIII Reserve Corps consisted of two divisions, made up of reserve units. In general, Reserve Corps and Reserve Divisions were weaker than their active counterparts :Reserve Infantry Regiments did not always have three battalions nor necessarily contain a machine gun company :Reserve Jäger Battalions did not have a machine gun company on formation :Reserve Cavalry Regiments consisted of just three squadrons :Reserve Field Artillery Regiments usually co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
6th Royal Bavarian Division
The 6th Royal Bavarian Division was a unit of the Royal Bavarian Army which served within the Imperial German Army. The division was formed on April 1, 1900, and was headquartered in Regensburg. In Bavarian sources, it was not generally referred to as a "Royal Bavarian" division, as this was considered self-evident, but outside Bavaria, this designation was used for it, and other Bavarian units, to distinguish them from similarly numbered Prussian units. The division was part of the III Royal Bavarian Army Corps. Combat chronicle During World War I, the division served on the Western Front. It fought initially in the Battle of the Frontiers. It then served in the area between the Meuse and Moselle Rivers until July 1916, seeing action on the Meuse heights, by St. Mihiel, and in the Bois-brulé. In July and August 1916, the division fought in the Battle of Verdun, and afterwards went into combat in the Argonne Forest. At the end of September 1916, it fought in the Battle of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
18th Division (German Empire)
The 18th Division (''18. Division'') was a unit of the Prussian/German Army. It was formed on October 11, 1866, and was headquartered in Flensburg. The division was subordinated in peacetime to the IX Army Corps (''IX. Armeekorps''). The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was recruited primarily in Schleswig-Holstein. Combat chronicle In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, the 18th Infantry Division saw action in the battles of Colombey and Gravelotte and in the Siege of Metz. After the Battle of Noiseville, the division entered the Loire campaign, fighting in the battles of 2nd Orléans, Beaugency-Cravant, and Le Mans. During the opening phases of World War I, the 18th Infantry Division participated in the Battle of Liège, the Allied Great Retreat, the First Battle of the Marne, and the First Battle of the Aisne. In 1916, it saw action in the Somme, and in 1917 it was involved in the Battles of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
9th Division (German Empire)
The 9th Division (''9. Division'') was a unit of the Prussian/German Army. It was formed in Glogau (now Głogów, Poland) in November 1816 as a brigade, became the 10th Division on September 5, 1818, and was renumbered the 9th Division on February 28, 1820. The division was subordinated in peacetime to the V Army Corps (''V. Armeekorps''). The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was recruited primarily in the Province of Silesia, primarily in Lower Silesia. Combat chronicle The division fought in the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, including the Battle of Königgrätz. In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, the division saw action in the opening battles of Weissenburg and Wörth, in the Battle of Sedan, and in the Siege of Paris. In World War I, the division served on the Western Front. It initially occupied the Woëvre region of France and later fought in the Verdun in 1916. In 1918, it participate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
75th Reserve Division (German Empire)
The 75th Reserve Division (''75. Reserve-Division'') was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed at the end of December 1914 and organized over the next month, arriving in the line in early February 1915. It was part of the second large wave of new divisions formed at the outset of World War I, which were numbered the 75th through 82nd Reserve Divisions. The division was initially part of XXXVIII Reserve Corps. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was primarily raised in the XIV Corps area (Grand Duchy of Baden) and the XI Corps area (Hesse-Kassel or Hesse-Cassel, Waldeck and the Thuringian states). Combat chronicle The 75th Reserve Division initially fought on the Eastern Front. Its baptism of fire was in the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes. It fought along the Narew in July and August 1915 and participated in the conquest of Grodno and the Battle of Vilnius ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
XXVI Reserve Corps (German Empire)
The XXVI Reserve Corps (german: XXVI. Reserve-Korps / XXVI RK) was a corps-level command of the German army during World War I. Formation XXVI Reserve Corps was formed in October 1914. It was part of the first wave of new Corps formed at the outset of World War I consisting of XXII - XXVII Reserve Corps of 43rd - 54th Reserve Divisions (plus 6th Bavarian Reserve Division). The personnel was predominantly made up of (wartime volunteers) who did not wait to be called up. It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 18th Army, on the Western Front. Structure on formation On formation in October 1914, XXVI Reserve Corps consisted of two divisions. but was weaker than an Active Corps *Reserve Infantry Regiments consisted of three battalions but only had a machine gun platoon (of 2 machine guns) rather than a machine gun company (of 6 machine guns) *Reserve Jäger Battalions did not have a machine gun company on formation, though some were provided with a machine gu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
