1818 In France

	1818 In France Events from the year 1818 in France. Incumbents * Monarch – Louis XVIII Events 11 February - Marie André Cantillon attempts to assassinate the Duke of Wellington in Paris. 29 July - Physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel submits his prizewinning "Memoir on the Diffraction of Light" to the French Academy of Sciences, precisely accounting for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishing the oldest objection to the wave theory of light. 1 October - Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle is convened. 5 October - Claudine Thévenet (known as ''Mary of St. Ignatius'') founds the Roman Catholic order ''Religieuses de Jésus-Marie'' ("Religious of Jesus And Mary") in Lyon. Births January to June 26 January - Amédée de Noé, caricaturist and lithographer (died 1879). 7 February - François Paul Meurice, dramatist (died 1905). 18 May - Eugène Bouchut, physician (died 1891). 3 June - Louis Faidherbe, general and colonial administrator (died 1889). 4 June ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	François Paul Meurice Paul Meurice (5 February 1818 - 11 December 1905) was a French novelist and playwright best known for his friendship with Victor Hugo. Biography Meurice was born and died in Paris. In 1836, aged eighteen, he was introduced to Hugo by his friend Auguste Vacquerie, and soon became a devoted follower. He had literary ambitions and embarked on a career as playwright. In 1848, Hugo made him the editor-in-chief of a journal he had just founded, called ''L'Événement''. (This resulted in Meurice's imprisonment in 1851, during Hugo's exile.) Their friendship was very deep: the poet was a witness at Meurice's marriage to Palmyre Granger, daughter of the painter Jean-Pierre Granger. During the twenty years of Hugo's exile, Meurice looked after the financial and literary interests of the proscribed writer. He meanwhile continued his own literary career, publishing novels, some in collaboration with Alexandre Dumas, for whom he would also ghost-write. He adapted ''Notre-Dame de Paris'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Joseph Roumanille Joseph Roumanille (; 8 August 1818 – 24 May 1891) was a Provençal poet. He was born at Saint-Rémy-de-Provence (Bouches-du-Rhône), and is commonly known in southern France as the father of the Félibrige, for he first conceived the idea of raising his regional language to the dignity of a literary language. Biography Joseph Roumanille was the son of Jean-Denis Roumanille and Pierrette Piquet. He studied at the nearby ''collège'' (junior highschool) of Tarascon (Bouches-du-Rhône) from 1834. After working as ''clerc de notaire'' in the same town from 1836 to 1839, Roumanille published his first verses in the '' Écho du Rhône''. He then worked as a teacher in Nyons (Drôme), and later at the Dupuy ''collège'' in Avignon. When Roumanille was a teacher at Avignon, he discovered the genius of Frédéric Mistral, one of his pupils, and together they began what later became the Félibrean movement. He married Rose-Anaïs Gras, sister of Provençal poet and novelist Félix Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	1893 In France Events from the year 1893 in France. Incumbents President: Marie François Sadi Carnot President of the Council of Ministers: until 4 April: Alexandre Ribot 4 April-3 December: Charles Dupuy ** starting 3 December: Jean Casimir-Perier Events * 10 March – Côte d'Ivoire becomes a French colony. * 16–17 August – Massacre of Italians at Aigues-Mortes: Italian workers of the ''Compagnie des Salins du Midi'' are attacked in Aigues-Mortes (France) by French villagers and workers with at least 8 deaths. Anti-French riots erupt in Italy. In Rome the windows of the French Embassy are smashed and for a while the angry mob seems to get out of hand. * 20 August – Legislative election held. * 3 September – Legislative election held. * 10 October – First vehicle registration plates in the Seine (department), under terms of a Paris Police Ordinance of 14 August. Births January to June * 3 February – Gaston Julia, mathematician (died 1978). * 5 February – Arsène Rou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Charles Gounod Charles-François Gounod (; ; 17 June 181818 October 1893), usually known as Charles Gounod, was a French composer. He wrote twelve operas, of which the most popular has always been ''Faust (opera), Faust'' (1859); his ''Roméo et Juliette'' (1867) also remains in the international repertory. He composed a large amount of church music, many songs, and popular short pieces including his Ave Maria (Bach/Gounod), Ave Maria (an elaboration of a Johann Sebastian Bach, Bach piece), and ''Funeral March of a Marionette''. Born in Paris into an artistic and musical family Gounod was a student at the Conservatoire de Paris and won France's most prestigious musical prize, the Prix de Rome. His studies took him to Italy, Austria and then Prussia, where he met Felix Mendelssohn, whose advocacy of the music of Bach was an early influence on him. He was deeply religious, and after his return to Paris, he briefly considered becoming a priest. He composed prolifically, writing church music, songs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	1903 In France Events from the year 1903 in France. Incumbents President: Émile Loubet President of the Council of Ministers: Emile Combes Events 10 August – Paris Métro train fire kills 84 people mostly at Couronnes station. Sport 1 July – First Tour de France begins. 19 July – Tour de France ends, won by Maurice Garin. Births January to March 16 January – William Grover-Williams, motor racing driver and war hero. 13 February – Georges Simenon, writer (died 1989) 21 February Anaïs Nin, writer (died 1977) Raymond Queneau, poet and novelist (died 1976) 27 February – Fernand Gambiez, General and military historian (died 1989) 8 March – Jean d'Eaubonne, art director (died 1970) 9 March – André Godinat, cyclist (died 1979) April to June 8 May – Fernandel, actor (died 1971) 15 May – Germaine Dieterlen, anthropologist (died 1999) 22 May – Yves Rocard, physicist (died 1992) 2 June – Max Aub, author, playwright and literary critic (died 1972) 18 Jun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Jean-Jules Allasseur Jean-Jules Allasseur (13 June 1818 — 1903) was a French sculptor, a pupil of Pierre-Jean David called David d'Angers at the École des Beaux-Arts, Paris, who produced portrait sculptures, memorial allegories and decorative architectural sculpture for official commissions under the Second Empire. He was made a chevalier of the Legion of Honor, 7 August 1867. He is buried at the cemetery of Montmartre (14th division) where he kept his studio. Selected works ''La Découverte de Moïse'', shown in plaster at the Paris Salon of 1853 and in marble, 1859. ''François de Malherbe'' (1853), one of the eighty-six standing figures of famous Frenchmen in Hector Lefuel's Cour Napoléon of the Louvre Palace. Monument of Jean Rotrou (bronze, 1866) for Dreux, adapting and simplifying the features of the famous bust by Caffieri for the foyer of the Comédie-Française. ''Saint Joseph'' for Saint-Étienne-du-Mont Saint-Étienne-du-Mont is a church in Paris, France, on the Montagne Sai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	1896 In France Events from the year 1896 in France. Incumbents President: Felix Faure President of the Council of Ministers: Léon Bourgeois (until 29 April), Jules Méline (starting 29 April) Events * 30 September – Italy and France sign a treaty whereby Italy virtually recognizes Tunisia as a French dependency. * France establishes an administrative post at Abengourou, Ivory Coast. Arts and literature * 11 February – English writer Oscar Wilde's play '' Salomé'' (1891) is premièred (while Wilde is in prison), in its original French by Lugné-Poe's Théâtre de l'Œuvre company in Paris, perhaps at the Comédie-Parisienne. * 28 September – Pathé Frères, one of the oldest film companies, is founded by the brothers Charles, Théophile, Émile and Jacques Pathé. * 10 December – Alfred Jarry's play ''Ubu Roi'' (first published this Spring in ''Le Livre d'art'') is premièred by the Théâtre de l'Œuvre in Paris. The opening word, "''Merdre!''", triggers disturbances and the play is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Botanist Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek word (''botanē'') meaning "pasture", " herbs" "grass", or " fodder"; is in turn derived from (), "to feed" or "to graze". Traditionally, botany has also included the study of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively, with the study of these three groups of organisms remaining within the sphere of interest of the International Botanical Congress. Nowadays, botanists (in the strict sense) study approximately 410,000 species of land plants of which some 391,000 species are vascular plants (including approximately 369,000 species of flowering plants), and approximately 20,000 are bryophytes. Botany originated in prehistory as herbalism with the efforts of early humans to identify – and later cultivate – edible, med ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Élie-Abel Carrière Élie-Abel Carrière (4 June 1818 – 17 August 1896) was a French botanist, based in Paris. He was a leading authority on conifers in the period 1850–1870, describing many new species, and the new genera ''Tsuga'', ''Keteleeria'' and ''Pseudotsuga''. His most important work was the ''Traité Général des Conifères'', published in 1855, with a second, extensively revised edition in 1867. There is a brief biography of Carrière, in English, in the journal ''Brittonia''. In addition to his studies of conifers, he published a number of works in the field of horticulture: * ''Guide pratique du jardinier multiplicateur: ou art de propager les végétaux par semis, boutures, greffes, etc''. (1856)-- book on propagation of plants by seeds, cuttings, grafts. * ''Flore des jardins de l'Europe: manuel général des plantes, arbres et arbustes, comprenant leur origine, description, culture : leur application aux jardins d'agrément, à l'agriculture, aux forêts, aux usages dome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	1889 In France Events from the year 1889 in France. Incumbents * President: Marie François Sadi Carnot President of the Council of Ministers: Charles Floquet (until 22 February), Pierre Tirard (starting 22 February) Events January – Defense minister Georges Boulanger contemplates a coup but is forced to flee the country. * 4 February – The Tribunal Civil de la Seine orders the winding up of the Panama Canal Company. * 31 March – The Eiffel Tower is inaugurated. * 6 May – Exposition Universelle opens in Paris. * 28 May – Rubber tyre company Michelin is registered by Édouard and André Michelin. * 22 September – Legislative election held. * 6 October Legislative election held. Moulin Rouge built and opened in Paris. * 31 October – Exposition Universelle closes. * The fashion house of Lanvin is established in Paris by Jeanne Lanvin. Births January to June * 20 January – Jean Odin, politician (died 1975) * 2 February – Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, general, m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Louis Faidherbe Louis Léon César Faidherbe (; 3 June 1818 – 29 September 1889) was a French general and colonial administrator. He created the Senegalese Tirailleurs when he was governor of Senegal. Early life Faidherbe was born into a lower-middle-class family in Lille. He was the fifth child of Louis César Joseph Faidherde, a hosier, and his wife, Sophie Monnier. His father died in 1826 when he was seven and he was brought up by his mother. He received his military education at the École Polytechnique and then at the École d'Application in Metz. From 1843 to 1847 he served in Algeria, then for one year in Guadeloupe, and again from 1849 to 1852 in Algeria. West Africa In 1852 he was transferred to Senegal as sub-director of engineers, and in 1854 was promoted ''chef de bataillon'' and appointed governor of the colony on December 16. He held this post with one brief interval (1861–1863) until July 1865. The work he accomplished in French West Africa constitutes his most endurin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]