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18-point Agreement
The ''18-point agreement'', or the ''18-point memorandum'', was a hypothetical list of 18 points drawn up by Crown Colony of Sarawak, Sarawak, proposing terms to form Malaysia, during negotiations prior to the History of Malaysia#Towards Malaysia, creation of the new federation in 1963. Unlike the properly documented 20-points of Sabah which was prepared & submitted by the local Sabahan political parties, no record of this purported 18-points exists. A Commission of Enquiry, headed by Cameron Cobbold, 1st Baron Cobbold, Lord Cameron Cobbold, and The Lansdowne Committee, an inter-governmental committee, were appointed to aid in the drafting of the Malaysia Agreement. George Petty-Fitzmaurice, 8th Marquess of Lansdowne, Lord Lansdowne served for Britain and Tun Abdul Razak, Deputy Prime Minister of the Federation of Malaya, served for Malaya. The 18 points were based on the Nine Cardinal Principles of the rule of the English Rajah. A similar memorandum, known as the 20-point agreement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nine Cardinal Principles Of The Rule Of The English Rajah
The Nine Cardinal Principles of the rule of the English Rajah is the Preamble of the Sarawak Constitution 1941. The document setting forth the Sarawak Constitution 1941 opened by enunciating the Cardinal Principle edict by Charles Vyner Brooke, the White Rajah of Sarawak on 24 September 1941. Known as the Nine Cardinal Principles of the rule of the White Rajah, it was later adopted into the Nine Cardinal Principles of the rule of the English Rajah. The Cardinal Principles are set out in the First Schedule to the Sarawak (Constitution) Order in Council, 1956. They originally formed part of the Preamble to Order No. C-21 (Constitution), 1941, enacted by the Rajah of Sarawak. these were; #That Sarawak is the heritage of Our Subjects and is held in trust by Ourselves for them. #That social and education services shall be developed and improved and the standard of living of the people of Sarawak shall steadily be raised. #That never shall any person or persons be granted rights in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political History Of Malaya
Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. It may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and nonviolent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but also often carries a negative connotation.. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or limitedly, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising internal and external force, including wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
