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1644 In Science
The year 1644 AD in science and technology involved some significant events. Mathematics * The Basel problem is posed by Pietro Mengoli, and will puzzle mathematicians until solved by Leonhard Euler in 1735. Technology * Jacob van Eyck collaborates with the bellfounding duo Pieter and François Hemony to create the first tuned carillon in Zutphen. Publications * Jan Baptist van Helmont publishes ''Dageraad ofte Nieuwe Opkomst der Geneeskunst'' ("Daybreak, or the New Rise of Medicine"). Births * 25 September – Ole Rømer, Danish astronomer who makes the first quantitative measurements of the speed of light (died 1710) Deaths * 2 July – William Gascoigne, English scientist (born 1610) * 30 December – Jan Baptist van Helmont, Flemish chemist A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that Scientific method, builds and organizes knowledge in the form of Testability, testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 Common Era, BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the Universe, physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of History of science in classical antiquity, Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denmark
) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of Denmark , established_title = Consolidation , established_date = 8th century , established_title2 = Christianization , established_date2 = 965 , established_title3 = , established_date3 = 5 June 1849 , established_title4 = Faroese home rule , established_date4 = 24 March 1948 , established_title5 = EEC accession , established_date5 = 1 January 1973 , established_title6 = Greenlandic home rule , established_date6 = 1 May 1979 , official_languages = Danish , languages_type = Regional languages , languages_sub = yes , languages = GermanGerman is recognised as a protected minority language in the South Jutland area of Denmark. , demonym = , capital = Copenhagen , largest_city = capital , coordinates = , ethnic_groups = , ethnic_g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1644 In Science
The year 1644 AD in science and technology involved some significant events. Mathematics * The Basel problem is posed by Pietro Mengoli, and will puzzle mathematicians until solved by Leonhard Euler in 1735. Technology * Jacob van Eyck collaborates with the bellfounding duo Pieter and François Hemony to create the first tuned carillon in Zutphen. Publications * Jan Baptist van Helmont publishes ''Dageraad ofte Nieuwe Opkomst der Geneeskunst'' ("Daybreak, or the New Rise of Medicine"). Births * 25 September – Ole Rømer, Danish astronomer who makes the first quantitative measurements of the speed of light (died 1710) Deaths * 2 July – William Gascoigne, English scientist (born 1610) * 30 December – Jan Baptist van Helmont, Flemish chemist A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1580 In Science
The year 1580 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here. Astronomy * The Constantinople Observatory of Taqi ad-Din is destroyed by Sultan Selim II. Exploration * September 26 – Francis Drake in the ''Golden Hind'' sails into Plymouth having completed the second circumnavigation of the world, westabout, begun in 1577. Medicine * Severe outbreak of smallpox in Venezuela: it strikes the Caracas and other Indians in the North and greatly weakens Indian resistance to the Spanish colonizing of the region. Geology * April 6 – Dover Straits earthquake of 1580, Dover Straits earthquake. Births * January 12 – Jan Baptist van Helmont, Flemish people, Flemish chemist (died 1644 in science, 1644) * December 1 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French people, French astronomer (died 1637 in science, 1637) * Peter Crüger, German people, German polymath (died 1639 in science, 1639) * Willebrord Snellius, Dutch people, Dutch mathematician and physi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemist
A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of molecules and their component atoms. Chemists carefully measure substance proportions, chemical reaction rates, and other chemical properties. In Commonwealth English, pharmacists are often called chemists. Chemists use their knowledge to learn the composition and properties of unfamiliar substances, as well as to reproduce and synthesize large quantities of useful naturally occurring substances and create new artificial substances and useful processes. Chemists may specialize in any number of subdisciplines of chemistry. Materials scientists and metallurgists share much of the same education and skills with chemists. The work of chemists is often related to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flemish People
The Flemish or Flemings ( nl, Vlamingen ) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Flanders, Belgium, who speak Dutch. Flemish people make up the majority of Belgians, at about 60%. "''Flemish''" was historically a geographical term, as all inhabitants of the medieval County of Flanders in modern-day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands were referred to as "Flemings", irrespective of their ethnicity or language. The contemporary region of Flanders comprises a part of this historical county, as well as parts of the medieval duchy of Brabant and the medieval county of Loon, where the modern national identity and culture gradually formed. History The sense of "Flemish" identity increased significantly after the Belgian Revolution. Prior to this, the term "Vlamingen" in the Dutch language was in first place used for the inhabitants of the former County of Flanders. Flemish, however, had been used since the 14th century to refer to the language and dialects of both the peoples ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1610 In Science
The year 1610 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * January 7 – Galileo Galilei first observes the four large Galilean moons of Jupiter: Ganymede, Callisto, Europa and Io, although he is unable to distinguish the latter two until the following night. In the same year he publishes his first observations by telescope in a short treatise entitled ''Sidereus Nuncius'' ("Sidereal Messenger"). * December – English scientist Thomas Harriot becomes one of the first to view sunspots through a telescope * The Orion Nebula is discovered by Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc. Medicine * Diphtheria epidemic in Naples, during which Marco Aurelio Severino performs successful tracheotomies. Technology * Jean Beguin publishes '' Tyrocinium Chymicum'', the first book of chemistry lectures. * Tinsel is invented by a German silversmith, who uses real silver for the metal strands. * Bagels are created in Krakow, Poland and given as gifts to women after ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English People
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language, a West Germanic language, and share a common history and culture. The English identity is of Anglo-Saxon origin, when they were known in Old English as the ('race or tribe of the Angles'). Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD. The English largely descend from two main historical population groups the West Germanic tribes (the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians) who settled in southern Britain following the withdrawal of the Romans, and the partially Romanised Celtic Britons already living there.Martiniano, R., Caffell, A., Holst, M. et al. Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons. Nat Commun 7, 10326 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10326 Collectively known as the Anglo-Saxons, they founded what was to become the Kingdom of England by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Gascoigne (scientist)
William Gascoigne (1612 – 2 July 1644) was an English astronomer, mathematician and maker of scientific instruments from Middleton, Leeds who invented the micrometer and the telescopic sight. He was one of a group of astronomers in the north of England who followed the astronomy of Johannes Kepler, which included Jeremiah Horrocks and William Crabtree. Life and work Gascoigne was born in Middleton, Leeds in 1612, the son of a minor country gentleman. His father was Henry Gascoigne, Esq., of Thorpe-on-the-Hill in the parish of Rothwell, near Leeds, Yorkshire. His mother was Margaret Jane, daughter of William Cartwright. Little is known of his early life. He claimed he was educated at the University of Oxford, although no record of this has been found. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1710 In Science
The year 1710 in science and technology involved some significant events. Events * The Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala is founded in Uppsala, Sweden, as the ''Collegium curiosorum'' ("College of the Curious"). Astronomy * Edmond Halley, comparing his observations with Ptolemy's catalog, discovers the proper motion of some "fixed" stars. Physiology and medicine * Alexis Littré, in his treatise ''Diverses observations anatomiques'', is the first physician to suggest the possibility of performing a lumbar colostomy for an obstruction of the colon. * Stephen Hales makes the first experimental measurement of the capacity of a mammalian heart. Technology * Jakob Christof Le Blon invents a three-color printing process with red, blue, and yellow ink. Years later he adds black introducing the earliest four-color printing process. Zoology * René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur produces a paper on the use of spiders to produce silk. Publications * John Arbuthnot publishes "A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speed Of Light
The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted , is a universal physical constant that is important in many areas of physics. The speed of light is exactly equal to ). According to the special theory of relativity, is the upper limit for the speed at which conventional matter or energy (and thus any signal carrying information) can travel through space. All forms of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, travel at the speed of light. For many practical purposes, light and other electromagnetic waves will appear to propagate instantaneously, but for long distances and very sensitive measurements, their finite speed has noticeable effects. Starlight viewed on Earth left the stars many years ago, allowing humans to study the history of the universe by viewing distant objects. When communicating with distant space probes, it can take minutes to hours for signals to travel from Earth to the spacecraft and vice versa. In computing, the speed of light fixes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies – in either observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, solar astronomy, the origin or evolution of stars, or the formation of galaxies. A related but distinct subject is physical cosmology, which studies the Universe as a whole. Types Astronomers usually fall under either of two main types: observational and theoretical. Observational astronomers make direct observations of celestial objects and analyze the data. In contrast, theoretical astronomers create and investigate models of things that cannot be observed. Because it takes millions to billions of years for a system of stars or a galaxy to complete a life cycle, astronomers must observe sna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
