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159th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 159th Infantry Division (german: 159. Infanterie-Division) was an infantry division of the German Heer during World War II. The unit, at times designated Commander of Reserve Troops IX (german: Kommandeur der Ersatztruppen IX, link=no), 159th Division (german: 159. Division, link=no), Division No. 159 (german: Division Nr. 159, link=no), and 159th Reserve Division (german: 159. Reserve-Division, link=no), was active between 1939 and 1945. History Commander of Reserve Troops IX The Commander of Reserve Troops IX was formed in Kassel as part of German general mobilization on 26 August 1939. Its initial purpose was to form a command staff for reserve units in the ninth ''Wehrkreis'' (military district). This military district was headquartered in Kassel and included most of Hesse as well as parts of Thuringia. 159th Division The 159th Division was formed as a result of the redesignation of the Commander of Reserve Troops IX on 9 November 1939. Division No. 159 The 159 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Army (Wehrmacht)
The German Army (, "army") is the land component of the armed forces of Federal Republic of Germany, Germany. The present-day German Army was founded in 1955 as part of the newly formed West German ''Bundeswehr'' together with the German Navy, ''Marine'' (German Navy) and the German Air Force, ''Luftwaffe'' (German Air Force). , the German Army had a strength of 62,766 soldiers. History Overview A German army equipped, organized, and trained following a single doctrine and permanently unified under one command in 1871 during the unification of Germany under the leadership of Prussia. From 1871 to 1919, the title ''German Army (German Empire), Deutsches Heer'' (German Army) was the official name of the German land forces. Following the German defeat in World War I and the end of the German Empire, the main army was dissolved. From 1921 to 1935 the name of the German land forces was the ''Reichswehr, Reichsheer'' (Army of the Empire) and from 1935 to 1945 the name ''German Army (We ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Replacement Army
The Replacement Army () was part of the Imperial German Army during World War I and part of the Wehrmacht during World War II. It was based within Germany proper and included command and administrative units as well as training and guard troops. Its primary role was to provide replacements for the combat divisions of the regular army. Third Reich It was formed in the various German military districts ('' Wehrkreise'') and was tasked with the conscription, recruitment, training and replacement of personnel, testing of new military equipment, and administration such as responsibility for soldiers on home leave. The ''Ersatzheer'' contingency plans for Operation Valkyrie were deliberately misused as part of the unsuccessful 20 July plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler, arrest SS troops, and stage a military coup d'etat through the organization driven by the newly appointed Chief of Staff, Claus Von Stauffenburg in early 1944. Its commander, ''Generaloberst'' Friedrich Fromm, had enough ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LXXX Army Corps (Wehrmacht)
The LXXX Army Corps (german: LXXX. Armeekorps) was an army corps of the German Wehrmacht during World War II. Operational history The LXXX Army Corps was created on 27 May 1942 in the Poitiers sector in the west of occupied France. Its staff was formed from the '' Höheres Kommando z. b. V. XXXI'' and the corps was initially subordinate to the 1st Army under Army Group D. The initial commander of the corps was Curt Gallenkamp, who had already led the ''Höheres Kommando'' since 1940. Initially, the corps consisted of four infantry divisions ( 15th, 327th, 708th, 715th) and the 7th Panzer Division. From its headquarters in Poitiers, the LXXX Army Corps defended a coastal sector of the Bay of Biscay around La Rochelle. For example, the LXXX Army Corps commanded the 158th Infantry Division at Fontenay-le-Comte and the 708th Infantry Division at Royan on 24 April 1943. The corps remained on defensive duty in France until the Normandy landings of 6 June 1944. When the Allied fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panzerjäger
''Panzerjäger'' (German language, German "armour-hunters" or "tank-hunters", abbreviated to ''Pz.Jg.'' in German) was a branch of service of the Nazi Germany, German Wehrmacht during the World War II, Second World War. It was an Anti-tank warfare, anti-tank arm-of-service that operated Self-propelled artillery, self-propelled anti-tank artillery, also named ''Panzerjäger''. Soldiers assigned to tank hunting units wore ordinary Feldgrau, field-gray uniforms rather than the black of the Panzer troops, while ''Panzerjäger'' vehicle crews wore the Panzer jacket in field gray. Development From 1940, the ''Panzerjäger'' troops were equipped with vehicles produced by mounting an existing anti-tank gun complete with the gun shield on a tracked chassis to allow higher mobility. The development of ''Panzerjägers'' into the fully protected ''Jagdpanzer'' armored vehicle designs began before the war with the ''Sturmgeschütz''-designated armored Self-propelled artillery, artillery ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aufstellungswelle
In the German Wehrmacht before and during World War II, infantry divisions were raised as part of a designated ''Aufstellungswelle'' (deployment wave) or ''Welle'' (wave), sometimes translated as "draft". The ''Aufstellungswelle'' system was adopted by the Wehrmacht in late 1938. Peacetime units were the first wave, and 34 other waves followed until the 35th wave in April 1945. Several types of divisions were organized by ''Aufstellungswelle'', including infantry, security, shadow and Volksgrenadier divisions. Background The mobilization model for the Wehrmacht's active and reserve forces in multiple waves was first issued in the annual mobilization plan of 8 December 1938. The system initially had four waves, the first of which would be the peacetime army and the other three raised in anticipation of the invasion of Poland. The first wave (the peacetime army) consisted of divisions with ordinal numbers of one to 50. The second wave, reservists who had completed their compulsory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th Army (Wehrmacht)
The 19th Army (German: ''19. Armee'') was a World War II field army of the German Army. History Formed in August 1943 in occupied southern France from ''Armeegruppe Felber'' (the '' LXXXIII. Armeekorps''), the 19th Army defended southern France, the Vosges Mountains, Alsace, Baden and southern Württemberg during the Allied invasion of southern France and other large Allied military operations that had as their goal the liberation of southern France and the invasion of southern Germany. Although nominally a field army, the 19th Army was under strength and consisted of third tier soldiers, wounded veterans, conscripts and Hiwis. Southern France in general was treated as a third tier theatre and given minimal attention by the OKW. The entire army was outfitted with damaged and obsolete equipment, with four of the 19th army's divisions designated "static divisions," meaning that they were stripped of all mobile assets and forbidden to move from their assigned positions. The Hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tournon-sur-Rhône
Tournon-sur-Rhône (; oc, Tornon) is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France. It is one of the most populous commune in the Ardèche department, after Annonay, Aubenas, and Guilherand-Granges. Geography It is located on the right bank of the river Rhône, in the Ardèche , opposite Tain-l'Hermitage, (which is located in the Drôme ) History Tournon had its own counts as early as the 9th century reign of Louis I. In the middle of the 17th century the title passed from them to the dukes of Ventadour. Population Notable sights *The church of St Julian dates chiefly from the 14th century. *The occupies an old college founded in the 16th century by Cardinal François de Tournon. *Of the two suspension bridges which unite the town with Tain-l'Hermitage on the left bank of the river, one was built in 1825 and is the oldest in France. *A statue to General Rampon stands in the Place Carnot. Notable people * Jean-Antoine Courbis (1752–1795), lawyer and revo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valbonne
Valbonne (; oc, Vauboa) is a commune near Nice in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. Valbonne means "the good valley" in Provençal and translates to "Vaubona" in Occitan. The commune is part of the Communauté d'agglomération de Sophia Antipolis. The technology park of Sophia Antipolis is partly located in Valbonne. Geography Valbonne is situated in a basin, halfway along the Brague river. The commune consists of two sites: * the old village situated in the extreme north-west * Sophia Antipolis in the east, around the towns of Haut-Sartoux and Garbejaïre History There are traces of prehistoric human settlement in the area that date back to the Iron Age, the first days of agriculture. Many prehistoric artifacts such as Neolithic stone axes, funeral urns from the Bronze Age, and fragments of amphora, oil and grain jars (dolia) have been excavated. The remains of an aqueduct constructed during Roman settlem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint-Étienne
Saint-Étienne (; frp, Sant-Etiève; oc, Sant Estève, ) is a city and the prefecture of the Loire department in eastern-central France, in the Massif Central, southwest of Lyon in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Saint-Étienne is the thirteenth most populated commune in France and the second most populated commune in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Its metropolis (''métropole''), Saint-Étienne Métropole, is the third most populous regional metropolis after Grenoble-Alpes and Lyon. The commune is also at the heart of a vast metropolitan area with 497,034 inhabitants (2018), the eighteenth largest in France by population, comprising 105 communes. Its inhabitants are known as ''Stéphanois'' (masculine) and ''Stéphanoises'' (feminine). Long known as the French city of the "weapon, cycle and ribbon" and a major coal mining centre, Saint-Étienne is currently engaged in a vast urban renewal program aimed at leading the transition from the industrial city inherited from the 19th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lyon
Lyon,, ; Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the third-largest city and second-largest metropolitan area of France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, northeast of Saint-Étienne. The City of Lyon proper had a population of 522,969 in 2019 within its small municipal territory of , but together with its suburbs and exurbs the Lyon metropolitan area had a population of 2,280,845 that same year, the second most populated in France. Lyon and 58 suburban municipalities have formed since 2015 the Metropolis of Lyon, a directly elected metropolitan authority now in charge of most urban issues, with a population of 1,411,571 in 2019. Lyon is the prefecture of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region and seat of the Departmental Council of Rhône (whose jurisdiction, however, no longer extends over the Metropolis of Lyo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vichy France
Vichy France (french: Régime de Vichy; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was the fascist French state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II. Officially independent, but with half of its territory occupied under harsh terms of the armistice, it adopted a policy of collaboration with Nazi Germany, which occupied the northern and western portions before occupying the remainder of Metropolitan France in November 1942. Though Paris was ostensibly its capital, the collaborationist Vichy government established itself in the resort town of Vichy in the unoccupied "Free Zone" (), where it remained responsible for the civil administration of France as well as its colonies. The Third French Republic had begun the war in September 1939 on the side of the Allies. On 10 May 1940, it was invaded by Nazi Germany. The German Army rapidly broke through the Allied lines by bypassing the highly fortified Maginot Line and invading through ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
356th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
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356th may refer to: * 356th Airlift Squadron (356 AS), part of the 433d Airlift Wing at Kelly Field Annex, Texas * 356th Fighter Group, inactive United States Air Force organization * 356th Tactical Fighter Squadron, inactive United States Air Force fighter squadron See also * 356 (number) *356, the year 356 (CCCLVI) of the Julian calendar *356 BC __NOTOC__ Year 356 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ambustus and Laenas (or, less frequently, year 398 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 356 BC for this year has bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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