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1516 In Science
The year 1516 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here. Astronomy and space science * The fall of the Nantan meteorite is possibly observed near the city of Nantan, Nandan County, Guangxi (China). Exploration * January – The Río de la Plata is first explored by Europeans when Spanish navigator Juan Díaz de Solís traverses it during his search for a passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Births * March 26 – Conrad Gessner, Swiss naturalist (died 1565) * November 5 – Martin Helwig, Silesian cartographer (died 1574) * Realdo Colombo, Italian anatomist (died 1559) Deaths * December 13 – Johannes Trithemius, German scholar and cryptographer Cryptography, or cryptology (from grc, , translit=kryptós "hidden, secret"; and ''graphein'', "to write", or ''-logia'', "study", respectively), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adver ... (born 1462) References {{reflist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Helwig
Martin Helwig ( la, Martino Heilwig) (5 November 1516 – 26 January 1574) was a German cartographer of Silesia and pedagogue. He was born in Neisse and died in Breslau, Holy Roman Empire. Life A former pupil of an eminent German scholar and educationist Valentin Friedland, Helwig went on to study at the University of Wittenberg, where as a student of Martin Luther and Philip Melanchthon he earned the academic degree of Magister. In 1552, he became Rector of St. Maria Magdalena School in Breslau (now Wrocław, in Poland). Equally proficient in mathematics and geography as well as classical languages, he produced the first woodcut map of Silesia made on the basis of surveys and data collected from local inhabitants,Martin Helwig Map of Silesia 1561 - first woodcut map of Silesia made on the basis of surveys and data collected from local inhabitants - published 1561. Utrecht University; Utrecht Studies in the History of Cartography, vol. 6 University of Wroclaw, Maps Department - ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1516 In Science
The year 1516 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here. Astronomy and space science * The fall of the Nantan meteorite is possibly observed near the city of Nantan, Nandan County, Guangxi (China). Exploration * January – The Río de la Plata is first explored by Europeans when Spanish navigator Juan Díaz de Solís traverses it during his search for a passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Births * March 26 – Conrad Gessner, Swiss naturalist (died 1565) * November 5 – Martin Helwig, Silesian cartographer (died 1574) * Realdo Colombo, Italian anatomist (died 1559) Deaths * December 13 – Johannes Trithemius, German scholar and cryptographer Cryptography, or cryptology (from grc, , translit=kryptós "hidden, secret"; and ''graphein'', "to write", or ''-logia'', "study", respectively), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adver ... (born 1462) References {{reflist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptographer
Cryptography, or cryptology (from grc, , translit=kryptós "hidden, secret"; and ''graphein'', "to write", or ''-logia'', "study", respectively), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. More generally, cryptography is about constructing and analyzing protocols that prevent third parties or the public from reading private messages. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, information security, electrical engineering, digital signal processing, physics, and others. Core concepts related to information security ( data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation) are also central to cryptography. Practical applications of cryptography include electronic commerce, chip-based payment cards, digital currencies, computer passwords, and military communications. Cryptography prior to the modern age was effectively synonymous with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Trithemius
Johannes Trithemius (; 1 February 1462 – 13 December 1516), born Johann Heidenberg, was a German Benedictine abbot and a polymath who was active in the German Renaissance as a lexicographer, chronicler, cryptographer, and occultist. He is considered the founder of modern cryptography (a claim shared with Leon Battista Alberti) and steganography, as well as the founder of bibliography and literary studies as branches of knowledge. He had considerable influence on the development of early modern and modern occultism. His students included Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa and Paracelsus. Early life The byname ''Trithemius'' refers to his native town of Trittenheim on the Moselle River, at the time part of the Electorate of Trier. When Johannes was still an infant his father, Johann von Heidenburg, died. His stepfather, whom his mother Elisabeth married seven years later, was hostile to education and thus Johannes could only learn in secret and with many difficulties. He learned Greek, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1559 In Science
The year 1559 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Botany * First account of tulips in western Europe, by Conrad Gessner who describes them flowering in Augsburg, Bavaria, in the garden of Councillor Herwart. Exploration * March – Juan Fernández Ladrillero completes a double transit of the Straits of Magellan from the west. * August 15 – Led by Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano, a Spanish missionary colony of 1500 men on thirteen ships arrives from Vera Cruz at Pensacola Bay, founding the first European settlement on the mainland United States. On September 19, the colony is decimated by a hurricane. * ', edited by Giovanni Battista Ramusio, is published posthumously in Venice, the first scholarly edition of ''The Travels of Marco Polo''. Pharmacology * Jacques Besson publishes his first treatise, in Zurich, ''De absoluta ratione extrahendi olea et aquas e medicamentis simplicibus'' ("on the complete doctrine of extracting o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatomist
Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. Anatomy is inherently tied to developmental biology, embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated, both over immediate and long-term timescales. Anatomy and physiology, which study the structure and function of organisms and their parts respectively, make a natural pair of related disciplines, and are often studied together. Human anatomy is one of the essential basic sciences that are applied in medicine. The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic and microscopic. Macroscopic anatomy, or gross anatomy, is the examination of an animal's body parts using unaided eyesight. Gross anatomy also includes the branch of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Realdo Colombo
Matteo Realdo Colombo (c. 1515 – 1559) was an Italian professor of anatomy and a surgeon at the University of Padua between 1544 and 1559. Early life and education Matteo Realdo Colombo or Realdus Columbus, was born in Cremona, Lombardy, the son of an apothecary named Antonio Colombo. Although little is known about his early life, it is known he took his undergraduate education in Milan, where he studied philosophy, and he appears to have pursued his father's profession for a short while afterwards. He left the apothecary's life and apprenticed to the surgeon Giovanni Antonio Lonigo, under whom he studied for 7 years. In 1538 he enrolled in the University of Padua where he was noted to be an exceptional student of anatomy. While still a student, he was awarded a Chair of Sophistics at the university. In 1542 he returned briefly to Venice to assist his mentor, Lonigo. Academic career Realdo Colombo studied philosophy in Milan, and then he trained to be a surgeon for several ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1574 In Science
The year 1574 in science and technology involved some significant events. Archaeology * In Rome (Italy), in the river Tiber between the two bridges, the monument base is discovered for a statue of Simon Paeter (or Simon the Sorcerer, the "Magus of Samaria"), with inscription ''"Simoni Deo Sancto"'' (translation: "To Simon the Holy God"). Exploration * November 22 – Juan Fernández, a Portuguese navigator, discovers, along the coast of Chile, the Juan Fernández Islands, where later shipwreck survivor Alexander Selkirk (the real figure behind Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe") will live for four years. The Juan Fernández fur seal is discovered and named. * English seaman William Bourne produces a popular expanded version of Martín Cortés de Albacar's navigation manual ''Arte de Navegar'' entitled ''A Regiment for the Sea''. Mineralogy * The Charcas Mineral District in the state of San Luis Potosí ( New Spain, later Mexico) is discovered for the mining of lead, zinc, copper, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartographer
Cartography (; from grc, χάρτης , "papyrus, sheet of paper, map"; and , "write") is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an imagined reality) can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively. The fundamental objectives of traditional cartography are to: * Set the map's agenda and select traits of the object to be mapped. This is the concern of map editing. Traits may be physical, such as roads or land masses, or may be abstract, such as Toponomy, toponyms or political boundaries. * Represent the terrain of the mapped object on flat media. This is the concern of map projections. * Eliminate characteristics of the mapped object that are not relevant to the map's purpose. This is the concern of Cartographic generalization, generalization. * Reduce the complexity of the characteristics that will be mapped. This is also the concern of generaliza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silesia
Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is split into two main subregions, Lower Silesia in the west and Upper Silesia in the east. Silesia has a diverse culture, including architecture, costumes, cuisine, traditions, and the Silesian language (minority in Upper Silesia). Silesia is along the Oder River, with the Sudeten Mountains extending across the southern border. The region contains many historical landmarks and UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It is also rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. The largest city and Lower Silesia's capital is Wrocław; the historic capital of Upper Silesia is Opole. The biggest metropolitan area is the Upper Silesian metropolitan area, the centre of which is Katowice. Parts of the Czech city of Ostrav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1565 In Science
The year 1565 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here. Earth sciences * Conrad Gessner publishes '' De omni rerum fossilium genere, gemmis, lapidibus, metallis, et huiusmod'' in Zürich. Medicine * College of Physicians of London empowered to carry out human dissections. * The first hospital in the Philippines is established by the Spanish in Cebu. * First publication of ''Dos libros ...'' (''Historia medicinal de las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales'' or "Medical study of the products imported from our West Indian possessions") by Spanish physician and botanist Nicolás Monardes. Technology * October – The first Martello tower, the Torra di Mortella, designed by Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino (el Fratin), is completed as part of the Genovese defence system at Mortella (Myrtle) Point in Upper Corsica. * Roger Taverner writes his ''Arte of'' '. Births * April 2 – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer (died 1599) * Novem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
