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1st Saeima
The 1st Saeima was the parliament of Latvia from November 7, 1922 until November 2, 1925. It was the first Saeima to be elected after the Constitutional Assembly of Latvia had created the Constitution of Latvia and the Elections Law. Social-Democrat Frīdrihs Vesmanis was Speaker of the Saeima until March 17, 1925 followed by Social Democrat Pauls Kalniņš. The 1st Saeima gave confidence to the 1st cabinet of Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics (July 20, 1922 – January 26, 1923), cabinet of Jānis Pauļuks (January 27, 1923 – June 27, 1923), 2nd cabinet of Meierovics (28 June 1923 – 26 January 1924), cabinet of Voldemārs Zāmuēls (January 25, 1924 – December 17, 1924) and the 1st cabinet of Hugo Celmiņš (December 19, 1924 – December 23, 1925). Elections and parties 1st Saeima elections were held on October 7–8, 1922 and 82,2% (800,840 people) of eligible voters participated. Due to the liberal Elections law, 20 parties were elected to the 100 seats, representing all th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Assembly Of Latvia
The Constitutional Assembly of Latvia ( lv, Satversmes sapulce) was independent Latvia's first elected legislative body. Its main task was creating the constitution of Latvia, the Satversme, which is still in effect to this day. The Speaker of Assembly was Jānis Čakste, who later became the first President of Latvia. The assembly functioned from May 1, 1920, until November 7, 1922, when the 1st Saeima convened. Electing the Constitutional Assembly On August 19, 1919, People's Council of Latvia issued the law about elections of Constitutional Assembly. Elections were open to male and female citizens who were older than 21, no minimal vote percentage was set, so many small parties were elected. After the end of Latvian War of Independence in January, 1920 Constitutional Assembly elections were quickly organized and held on April 17–18, 1920 when the people of Latvia voted in universal, equal, direct and proportional elections. 25 parties competed for 150 seats. 84.9% of elig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Committee Of The German Baltic Parties
The Committee of the German-Baltic Parties (german: Ausschuß der Deutschbaltischen Parteien, ADP) was an alliance of Baltic German political parties in Latvia during the inter-war period. Its members included the German-Baltic Democratic Party, the German-Baltic Progressive Party, the German-Baltic Reform Party, the German-Baltic People's Party, the German-Baltic Integration Party, the German-Baltic State Party and the Voters Association of Mitau. History The alliance was established in early 1920 as a successor to the National Committee.John Hiden (2002) ''The Baltic States and Weimar Ostpolitik'', Cambridge University Press, p59 It won six seats in the 1920 Constitutional Assembly elections.Dieter Nohlen Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expe ... & Philip Stöver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Jewish Labour Bund In Latvia
A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED Online. March 2021. Oxford University Press. https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/77489?rskey=dCKrg4&result=1 (accessed May 11, 2021) The term ''general'' is used in two ways: as the generic title for all grades of general officer and as a specific rank. It originates in the 16th century, as a shortening of ''captain general'', which rank was taken from Middle French ''capitaine général''. The adjective ''general'' had been affixed to officer designations since the late medieval period to indicate relative superiority or an extended jurisdiction. Today, the title of ''general'' is known in some countries as a four-star rank. However, different countries use different systems of stars or other insignia for senior ranks. It has a NATO rank sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceire Cion
Ceire Cion ( he, צעירי ציון, "Youth of Zion"), sometimes called the Zionist Party or Ethnic Socialist Party, was a centre-left Jewish political party in Latvia during the inter-war period. It was led by jurist Max Lazerson. The party combined the ideas of Zionism and democratic socialism. One of the party's goals was to create a Jewish state in Palestine. History The party won a single seat in the 1920 Constitutional Assembly elections.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1137 It retained its seat in the 1922, 1925 and 1928 elections, but missed out on a seat in the 1931 elections by 50 votes. Later in 1931 it merged with the Latvian Organisation of Zionist Socialists to form the Zionist-Socialist Party., In: ''Latvijas ebreju kopiena: Vēsture, traģēdija, atdzimšana'' (''The Jewish Community of Latvia: History, Tragedy, Revival''), , 2001, ,English translation See also *Tze'irei Zion *History of the Jews in Latvia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Believers (Latvia)
The Christian Union of Latvian Orthodox, generally known as the Old Believers ( lv, Vecticībnieki), was a political party in Latvia in the inter-war period. It was led by M Kalistratov.Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p460 History The Latvian Old Believers' Central Committee (''Latvijas vecticībnieku centrālā komiteja'') first contested national elections in 1922, winning a single seat in the 1st Saeima.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1143 In the 1925 elections, the Vecticībnieki won two seats, which were retained when the United List of Old Believers (''Apvienotais vecticībnieku saraksts'') won two seats in the 1928 elections. However, both seats were lost when Vecticībnieki failed to win a single seat in the 1931 elections of 4th Saeima 4th Saeima was the parliament of Latvia from 3 November 1931 until the 15 May 1934 Latvian coup d'état. It was the last democratically e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Lithuanians And Catholics
The List of Lithuanians and Catholics ( lv, Lietuviešu un katoļu saraksts, LKS) was a political party in Latvia in the inter-war period. History The party contested the 1920 Constitutional Assembly elections, but failed to win a seat.Dieter Nohlen Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expe ... & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1137 The 1922 elections saw the party win a single seat. However, the party did not run in the 1925 elections, and failed to win a seat when they returned for the 1928 elections. Thereafter the LKS did not contest any further elections.Nohlen & Stöver, p1131 References {{Latvian political parties Defunct political parties in Latvia Catholicism in Latvia Lithuanian diaspora in Europe Catholic political parti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latgalian Farmers Party
The Latgalian Farmers Party ( lv, Latgales Zemnieku partija) was a political party in Latvia representing the interests of Latgale farmers during the inter-war period. History The party won 17 seats in the 1920 Constitutional Assembly elections, becoming the third-largest party in the Constitutional Assembly.Dieter Nohlen Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expe ... & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1137 However, the 1922 elections saw the party reduced to just a single seat in the 1st Saeima. It won two seats in the 1925 elections, but did not contest any further elections.Nohlen & Stöver, p1131 References {{Authority control Defunct political parties in Latvia Latgale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latgalian People's Party
The Latgalian People's Party ( lv, Latgales tautas apvienība) was a political party in Latvia in the inter-war period. History The party first contested national elections in 1922,Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1131 when it won a single seat in the parliamentary elections that year. However, it did not contest any further elections. See also *Latgalians (modern) The Latgalians ( ltg, latgalīši, lv, latgalieši) are an ethnographic group, sometimes classified as a sub ethnos of Latvians, living in Latgale, who speak Latgalian, a distinct dialect of Latvian seen by some as a language and share a comm ... References {{Latvian political parties Defunct political parties in Latvia Latgale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish National Bloc
The Jewish National Bloc ( lv, Ebreju nacionālais bloks) was a political alliance in Latvia in the 1920s. It consisted of Histadruth Hacionith, the Jewish National Democratic Party and .Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1134 History The bloc contested the 1920 Constitutional Assembly elections as the Jewish Bloc, winning five seats.Nohlen & Stöver, p1137 For the 1922 elections it changed its name to the Jewish National Bloc, but won only two seats in the 1st Saeima. The bloc was later disbanded, with the three parties contesting the 1925 elections alone. Mizrachi won a single seat in the 2nd Saeima, whilst the other two failed to pass the electoral threshold. See also *Jews in Latvia * Agudas Israel *Ceire Cion Ceire Cion ( he, צעירי ציון, "Youth of Zion"), sometimes called the Zionist Party or Ethnic Socialist Party, was a centre-left Jewish political party in Latvia during the inter-war period. It was led by jurist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agudas Israel (Latvia)
Agudas Israel (Hebrew for "Union of Israel") was a political party in Latvia in the inter-war period. Primarily a party of the Orthodox Jews, it was the most conservative of the Jewish parties in the country, seeking to limit the power of state monopolies. It was led by Mordehai Dubin.Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p448 History The party first contested national elections in 1922, when it won two seats in the 1st Saeima.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1143 It retained both seats in the 2nd Saeima after the 1925 elections, but was reduced to one seat in the 1928 elections. The 1931 elections saw the party win two seats in the 4th Saeima. However, after the 1934 Latvian coup d'état multi-party elections were not held again until 1990. See also *History of the Jews in Latvia *Ceire Cion Ceire Cion ( he, צעירי ציון, "Youth of Zion"), sometimes called the Zionist Party or Eth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United List Of Russians
The United List of Russians ( lv, Vienotais krievu saraksts, VKS) was a political party in Latvia in the early 1920s. History The party contested the 1920 Constitutional Assembly elections as Russian Citizens Groups (''Krievu pilsoņu grupas''), Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1134 winning four seats. Prior to the 1922 elections it became the United List of Russians. The party won two seats in the Saeima The Saeima () is the parliament of the Latvia, Republic of Latvia. It is a unicameral parliament consisting of 100 members who are elected by proportional representation, with seats allocated to political parties which gain at least 5% of the po ..., but did not contest any further elections.Nohlen & Stöver, p1131 References {{Latvian political parties Defunct political parties in Latvia Russian political parties in Latvia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Farmers' Union
The New Farmers' Union ( lv, Jaunzemnieku savienība, JS) was a centrist political party in Latvia in the inter-war period. History The party was established by the merger of several parties, and was officially known as the Latvian New Farmers' Union, the List of Non-Partisan New Farmers, Progressive Old Farmers and Labour Intelligensia.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1130 It first contested national elections in 1922, when it won three seats in the 1st Saeima. It went on to retain its three seats in the 2nd Saeima after the 1925 elections. Shortly before the 1928 elections it was proposed that the party should merge with the New Farmers-Small Landowners Party The New Farmers-Small Landowners Party ( lv, Latvijas Jaunsaimnieku un sīkgruntnieku partija) was a political party in Latvia during the inter-war period. It had two wings; the Farmers wing led by M Gailītis and the Landowners wing led by Ādo ... (J-S), which had a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |