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1999 Abkhazian Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Abkhazia on 3 October 1999, alongside a constitutional referendum. They were the first direct presidential elections in Abkhazia, and resulted in a victory for incumbent President Vladislav Ardzinba, who ran unopposed. Background The previous presidential elections in 1994 had been indirect, with Ardzinba elected by the People's Assembly. In August 1999 the Central Election Commission (CEC) headed by Viacheslav Tsugba set-up 28 electoral districts for the purpose of the elections. Campaign Incumbent President Ardzinba was nominated by the national-patriotic movement Apsny, and also received the support of the Communist Party and the Abkhaz diaspora in Turkey. On 2 September, the CEC registered the nomination of former Foreign Minister Leonid Lakerbaia by his People's Party. However, his candidacy was not approved. The CEC also denied registration to Yahya Kazan, who had been Abkhazia's representative in the United States, on the grounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a East Thrace, small portion on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It shares borders with the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq to the southeast; Syria and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest. Cyprus is located off the south coast. Turkish people, Turks form the vast majority of the nation's population and Kurds are the largest minority. Ankara is Turkey's capital, while Istanbul is its list of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city and financial centre. One of the world's earliest permanently Settler, settled regions, present-day Turkey was home to important Neol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aidgylara
The National Forum Aidgylara ( ab, Аидгылара, ''Unity'') is a socio-political movement in Abkhazia. It was founded during Perestroika as the ethno-nationalist movement representing the Abkhaz people. Aidgylara's founding congress took place on 13 December 1988 in the building of the Abkhazian State Philharmonic Orchestra, where the writer Alexey Gogua was elected its first Chairman. On 18 March 1989, Aidgylara organised the mass gathering at the historical meeting place of Lykhny that demanded from the Soviet leadership the reversal of Abkhazia's 1931 Stalin-era incorporation into Georgia and restoration of full Republic status. In 1989, Aidgylara also started publishing two newspapers, the eponymous Aidgylara and Edineniye, as well as the regional publication Bzyb in Gudauta District. On Aidgylara's initiative, the founding congress of the Assembly of the Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus was held in Sukhumi on 25 and 26 August 1989. Aidgylara's second congress wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zurab Achba
Zurab Achba (23 February 1950 15 August 2000) is an assassinated politician from Abkhazia. Early life Zurab Achba was born on 23 February 1950. He attended Sukhumi's secondary school no. 10 named after Nestor Lakoba and graduated from the Law Faculty of the Moscow State University. Career Achba was a member of the People's Assembly of Abkhazia. Between 1990 and 1992, he was Vice Chairman of Aidgylara. During the nineties, he had been critical of President Vladislav Ardzinba Vladislav Ardzinba ( ab, Владислав Арӡынба, ka, ვლადისლავ არძინბა; 14 May 1945 – 4 March 2010) was the first ''de facto'' President of Abkhazia. A historian by education, Ardzinba led Abkhazia t .... There were rumours that Achba would run for president in the 1999 presidential election, which he dismissed in an interview with Nuzhnaya Gazeta as a "nightmare of an idea". Death Achba was shot dead from a passing car in front of his house on 15 Augu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abkhaz Language
Abkhaz ( ; ), sometimes spelled Abxaz and also known as Abkhazian, is a Northwest Caucasian language most closely related to Abaza. It is spoken mostly by the Abkhaz people. It is one of the official languages of Abkhazia, where around 100,000 people speak it. Furthermore, it is spoken by thousands of members of the Abkhazian diaspora in Turkey, Georgia's autonomous republic of Adjara, Syria, Jordan, and several Western countries. 27 October is the day of the Abkhazian language in Georgia. Classification Abkhaz is a Northwest Caucasian language and is thus related to Adyghe. The language of Abkhaz is especially close to Abaza, and they are sometimes considered dialects of the same language,''B. G. Hewitt Abkhaz 1979;'' page 1. Abazgi, of which the literary dialects of Abkhaz and Abaza are simply two ends of a dialect continuum. Grammatically, the two are very similar; however, the differences in phonology are substantial, it also contains elements characteristic of Kabar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is also in free association with three Pacific Island sovereign states: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. It is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the Americas and the third most populous in the world. The national capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. and its most populous city and principal financial center is New York City. Paleo-Americ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Party Of Abkhazia
The People's Party of Abkhazia ( ab, Аԥсны Ажәлартә Апартиа, ka, აფხაზეთის სახალხო პარტია, russian: Народная Партия Абхазии) is an oppositional political party in Abkhazia led by Iakub Lakoba. Its founding congress was held on 20 March 1992, and it claims to be the oldest political party in Abkhazia. At its fourth congress on 22 September 1999, the party adopted its current charter and elected its current Chairman, Iakub Lakoba. The People's Party was one of the parties that stood at the basis of the Forum of Abkhaz People's Unity founded 8 February 2005. On 30 January 2008 it was announced the People's Party and the newly founded Party for Economic Development of Abkhazia had signed a cooperation agreement. On 10 July 2013, the People's Party signed a cooperation agreement with fellow opposition parties United Abkhazia United Abkhazia ( ab, Аԥсны Акзаара, russian: Едина ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonid Lakerbaia
Leonid Lakerbaia (, ; born 1 January 1947 in Kutaisi), was the Prime Minister of Abkhazia in the Government of President Ankvab from 27 September 2011 until his resignation on 2 June 2014 following the 2014 Abkhazian political crisis. Lakerbaia is also chairman of the socio-political movement Aitaira (since 2001). Before becoming Prime Minister, Lakerbaia was Vice-Premier and First Vice-Premier in the government of President Bagapsh (since 24 February 2005) and he was Minister for Foreign Affairs from 29 June 1995 until 31 July 1996 in the Government of President Ardzinba. Lakerbaia was nominated by the People's Party to stand in the 1999 Presidential election but was refused registration by the Central Election Commission, allowing President Vladislav Ardzinba Vladislav Ardzinba ( ab, Владислав Арӡынба, ka, ვლადისლავ არძინბა; 14 May 1945 – 4 March 2010) was the first ''de facto'' President of Abkhazia. A historian by educatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minister For Foreign Affairs Of Abkhazia
The office of Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Abkhazia was created on 17 May 1993, during the 1992–1993 war with Georgia. Due to the diplomatic isolation of Abkhazia, which remains widely unrecognised, the role of the foreign minister has been restricted mostly to negotiations over resolving the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict. Empirical data nevertheless show that Abkhazia's Foreign Ministry also enacts (mostly low-level) diplomatic relations, such as the sending of diplomatic notes, with various countries across the world, including Nauru, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Nicaragua, and Syria. It is also active in managing relations with other post-Soviet de facto states such as South Ossetia, Transnistria, or Lugansk People's Republic. History Government of President Ardzinba On 30 April 1997, former Aidgylara Chairman Sergei Shamba was appointed Foreign Minister instead of Konstantin Ozgan, who had been appointed First Vice Premier, succeeding Sergei Bagapsh, who had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Abkhazia
The Communist Party of Abkhazia (CPA) ( ab, Аԥсны Акомунисттә Апартиа; ka, აფხაზეთის კომუნისტური პარტია) is a political party in Abkhazia. The party leader is Lev Shamba. History The CPA was founded in March 1921 with the demand of a separate Abkhaz Soviet Republic. It was then led by Efrem Eshba. Eshba had formed a Bolshevik military-revolutionary committee in Sukhumi in the summer of 1918. Eshba's group demanded direct integration of Abkhazia into the Soviet Union. During the Soviet period, the CPA was a part of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In 1988, the CPA demanded Abkhaz secession. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the CPA was refounded as an independent party on 4 March 1995. In the nineties, it was led by Enver Kapba. During the first Presidential election of Abkhazia, in 1999, it supported President Ardzinba (who ran unopposed). During the Ardzinba era, it functioned as a lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladislav Ardzinba
Vladislav Ardzinba ( ab, Владислав Арӡынба, ka, ვლადისლავ არძინბა; 14 May 1945 – 4 March 2010) was the first ''de facto'' President of Abkhazia. A historian by education, Ardzinba led Abkhazia to ''de facto'' independence in the 1992–1993 War with Georgia, but its ''de jure'' independence from Georgia remained internationally unrecognised during Ardzinba's two terms as President from 1994 to 2005. A noted specialist in Hittitology, he was a member of the first parliament to be elected democratically in the Soviet Union in 1989. Early life and career Vladislav Ardzinba was born in the village of Lower Eshera, Sukhumi District, Abkhaz ASSR, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union. After graduating from the Historical Department of the Sukhumi Pedagogical Institute, Ardzinba studied at the Tbilisi State University where he received a doctoral degree. He then worked for eighteen years in Moscow specialising in ancient Middle Eastern civiliza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viacheslav Tsugba
Viacheslav Mikhail-ipa Tsugba ( ab, Виачеслав Михаил-иҧа Цыгәба, ka, ვიაჩესლავ ცუგბა; born 1 January 1944) was the third Prime Minister of the Abkhazia, Republic of Abkhazia (a de facto independent republic of Georgia (country), Georgia) from December 1999 to May 2001. Before his appointment as Prime Minister, Tsugba had headed the Central Election Committee, which had overseen the internationally unrecognised simultaneously held October 1999 Abkhazian presidential election, 1999, presidential election and Abkhazian constitutional referendum, 1999, constitutional referendum. Early life and career Viacheslav Tsugba was born on 1 January 1944 in the village of Aatsy in the Gudauta District of what was then the Abkhazian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1970, Tsugba graduated from the Sukhumi Pedagological Institute. In 1978, he became aspirant member of the Academy of Social Sciences of the CPSU Central Committee. From 1973 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
