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1995 Georgian Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Georgia on 5 November 1995. The result was a victory for Eduard Shevardnadze of the Union of Citizens of Georgia, who received 77% of the vote, with a 68% turnout.Nohlen ''et al.'', p402 Results References {{Georgian elections Presidential elections in Georgia (country) 1995 in Georgia (country) Georgia Georgia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Percentage Point
A percentage point or percent point is the unit (measurement), unit for the Difference (mathematics), arithmetic difference between two percentages. For example, moving up from 40 percent to 44 percent is an increase of 4 percentage points, but a 10-percent increase in the quantity being measured. In literature, the unit is usually either written out, or abbreviated as ''pp'' or ''p.p.'' to avoid ambiguity. After the first occurrence, some writers abbreviate by using just "point" or "points". Differences between percentages and percentage points Consider the following hypothetical example: In 1980, 50 percent of the population smoked, and in 1990 only 40 percent of the population smoked. One can thus say that from 1980 to 1990, the prevalence of smoking decreased by 10 ''percentage points'' (or by 10 percent of the population) or by ''20 percent'' when talking about smokers only - percentages indicate proportionate part of a total. Percentage-point differences are one way to ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Shevardnadze
Eduard Ambrosis dze Shevardnadze ( ka, ედუარდ ამბროსის ძე შევარდნაძე}, romanized: ; 25 January 1928 – 7 July 2014) was a Soviet and Georgian politician and diplomat who governed Georgia for several non-consecutive periods from 1972 until his resignation in 2003 and also served as the final Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1985 to 1990. Shevardnadze started his political career in the late 1940s as a leading member of his local Komsomol organisation. He was later appointed its Second Secretary, then its First Secretary. His rise in the Georgian Soviet hierarchy continued until 1961 when he was demoted after he insulted a senior official. After spending two years in obscurity, Shevardnadze returned as a First Secretary of a Tbilisi city district, and was able to charge the Tbilisi First Secretary at the time with corruption. His anti-corruption work quickly garnered the interest of the Soviet government and Shevardnadze ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jumber Patiashvili
Jumber Patiashvili ( ka, ჯუმბერ პატიაშვილი) (born January 5, 1940) is a Georgian politician. He was the Communist leader of the Georgian SSR from 1985 to 1989. Born in Lagodekhi, Kakheti (eastern Georgia), he graduated from Tbilisi Agricultural Institute. From 1966, he worked for Komsomol and subsequently from Communist Party. Patiashvili, a nondescript party loyalist, succeeded Eduard Shevardnadze as the First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party in 1985. Under Patiashvili, most of Shevardnadze's initiatives atrophied, and no new policy innovations were undertaken. Patiashvili removed some of Shevardnadze's key appointees, although he could not dismiss his predecessor's many middle-echelon appointees without seriously damaging the party apparatus. By isolating opposition groups, Patiashvili forced reformist leaders into underground organizations and confrontational behavior. By the end of 1988, Georgian national movement became more active, sev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Georgia
President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese full-size sedan * Studebaker President, a 1926–1942 American full-size sedan * VinFast President, a 2020–present Vietnamese mid-size SUV Film and television *''Præsidenten'', a 1919 Danish silent film directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer *The President (1928 film), ''The President'' (1928 film), a German silent drama *President (1937 film), ''President'' (1937 film), an Indian film *The President (1961 film), ''The President'' (1961 film) *The Presidents (film), ''The Presidents'' (film), a 2005 documentary *The President (2014 film), ''The President'' (2014 film) *The President (South Korean TV series), ''The President'' (South Korean TV series), a 2010 South Korean television series *The President (Palestinian TV series), ''The President'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgia (country)
Georgia (, ; ) is a transcontinental country at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is part of the Caucasus region, bounded by the Black Sea to the west, by Russia to the north and northeast, by Turkey to the southwest, by Armenia to the south, and by Azerbaijan to the southeast. The country covers an area of , and has a population of 3.7 million people. Tbilisi is its capital as well as its largest city, home to roughly a third of the Georgian population. During the classical era, several independent kingdoms became established in what is now Georgia, such as Colchis and Iberia. In the early 4th century, ethnic Georgians officially adopted Christianity, which contributed to the spiritual and political unification of the early Georgian states. In the Middle Ages, the unified Kingdom of Georgia emerged and reached its Golden Age during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar in the 12th and early 13th centuries. Thereafter, the kingdom decl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral system An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections ma ...s and political development, he has published several books. IDEA Bibliography Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Electi ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of Citizens Of Georgia
The Union of Citizens of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს მოქალაქეთა კავშირი) (also known as the Citizens' Union of Georgia or Georgian Citizens' Union) was a centre-left political party established by Eduard Shevardnadze, Communist leader of the Georgian SSR from 1972-1985 and then President of Georgia from 1992–2003 and David Chantladze, former General Trade Representative of the Soviet Union to Czechoslovakia. It was established in the mid-1990s as a vehicle for modernising politicians. It became the majority grouping in the Georgian parliament following the parliamentary elections of November 1995, with Shevardnadze winning the presidency at the same time. Although the Citizens' Union attracted a number of talented young reformers, including Mikhail Saakashvili, Zurab Zhvania and Nino Burjanadze, it eventually fell victim to Georgia's endemic corruption and Shevardnadze's increasing use of electoral manipulation. In September ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akaki Bakradze
Akaki Bakradze ( ka, აკაკი ბაქრაძე; 29 March 1928 – 6 December 1999) was a Georgian writer, literary critic, art historian, and public figure, who published widely on diverse issues. Among other prominent posts, Bakradze was director of the Rustaveli Theatre from 1973–1980, and in 1988 was appointed artistic director of the Marjanishvili Theatre. Bakradze published in-depth studies on Ilia Chavchavadze, Akaki Tsereteli, Grigol Robakidze and on other major Georgian writers, and on social and literary issues. In the early 1990s, he led the Rustaveli Society, which was one of the political forces opposing Zviad Gamsakhurdia Zviad Konstantines dze Gamsakhurdia ( ka, ზვიად გამსახურდია, tr; russian: Звиа́д Константи́нович Гамсаху́рдия, Zviad Konstantinovich Gamsakhurdiya; 31 March 1939 – 31 December 1 .... In this role, he advocated for independence, pluralism, the private ownership of land, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilia Chavchavadze Society
Ilia Chavchavadze Society ( ka, ილია ჭავჭავაძის საზოგადოება, tr) is a political organisation from Georgia. The group dates back to the days of the Soviet Union, where it was an important factor in the growth of Georgian nationalism. Formation and development Named after Georgian national hero Ilia Chavchavadze the group was established in October 1987 in the wake of a series of amnesties for dissidents that April as part of the Glasnost scheme.Svante Cornell, ''Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus'', Routledge, 2005, p. 147 The group was initially made up of intellectuals and included members of various political viewpoints whose only common factor was their opposition to the Soviet Union. It was an underground intellectual group and was not a popular movement. It advocated the devolution of power within the Soviet Union to the existing republics and the transformation into a federation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unified Communist Party Of Georgia
The Unified Communist Party of Georgia (, ''Sakartvelos Ertiani Komunisturi Partia'', abbreviated ''SEKP'') is a political party in Georgia (country), Georgia. It was founded in June 1994 through the merger of the Stalin Society (Georgia), Stalin Society, the Georgian Workers Communist Party and the Union of Communists of Georgia. The party is member of Union of Communist Parties — Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The party was led by Panteleimon Giorgadze. His son Igor Giorgadze was forced into exile after being accused of plotting to assassinate Eduard Shevardnadze. The party publishes ''Komunisti''. References 1994 establishments in Georgia (country) Communist parties in Georgia (country) International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties Neo-Sovietism Political parties established in 1994 Political parties in Georgia (country) {{Georgia-party-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kartlos Gharibashvili
Kartlos () is the eponymous ancestor of the Georgians (Kartvelians) in Georgian mythology, more specifically of the nation of Kartli ( Caucasian Iberia). Kartlos is introduced in the medieval Georgian Chronicles (''Kartlis Tskhovreba''), presumably recorded from oral tradition by Leonti Mroveli in the 11th century. The legend has it that he was a son of Targamos and, thus, brother of Hayk, Movakos, Lekos, Heros, Kavkasos, and Egros from whom other Caucasian peoples took their origin. Kartlos united his people to become their chieftain and founded the city of Kartli. The oath by the grave of Kartlos was the most important and powerful in Kartli. The sons of Kartlos are listed as: Mtskhetos, Gardabos, Kakhos, Kukhos, Gachios, Uphlos, Odzrkhos, Javakhos, the respective eponymous founders of Mtskheta, Gardabani, Kakheti, Kukheti, Gachiani, Uplistsikhe, Odzrkhe, and Javakheti. The ancestors of Kartlos References *Rapp, Stephen H. Stephen H. Rapp Jr is an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidential Elections In Georgia (country)
Following is a table of United States presidential elections in Georgia, ordered by year. Since its admission to statehood in 1788, Georgia has participated in every U.S. presidential election except the election of 1864, when it had seceded in the American Civil War. Winners of the state are in bold. The shading refers to the state winner, and not the national winner. Elections from 1864 to present Election of 1860 The election of 1860 was a complex realigning election in which the breakdown of the previous two-party alignment culminated in four parties each competing for influence in different parts of the country. The result of the election, with the victory of an ardent opponent of slavery, spurred the secession of eleven states and brought about the American Civil War. Elections from 1828 to 1856 Election of 1824 The election of 1824 was a complex realigning election following the collapse of the prevailing Democratic-Republican Party, resulting in four different c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
