|
1994 Tunisian General Election
General elections were held in Tunisia on 20 March 1994 to elect a President and Chamber of Deputies. In the presidential election, incumbent Zine El Abidine Ben Ali was re-elected unopposed for a second five-year term; he was the only candidate to get endorsements from 30 political figures, as required by the Constitution. In the Chamber election, Ben Ali's Constitutional Democratic Rally won 144 seats in an expanded 163-seat Chamber with 97.1 percent of the vote; six other parties received two percent of the vote between them with four winning seats. It was the first time since Tunisia gained independence that the RCD would face any opposition MPs. Voter turnout was 95.47%.Dieter Nohlen, Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) ''Elections in Africa: A data handbook'' pp919-921 Results President Chamber of Deputies References {{Tunisian elections Tunisia ) , image_map = Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = Locat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunisia
) , image_map = Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = Location of Tunisia in northern Africa , image_map2 = , capital = Tunis , largest_city = capital , coordinates = , official_languages = Arabic Translation by the University of Bern: "Tunisia is a free State, independent and sovereign; its religion is the Islam, its language is Arabic, and its form is the Republic." , religion = , languages_type = Spoken languages , languages = Minority Dialects : Jerba Berber (Chelha) Matmata Berber Judeo-Tunisian Arabic (UNESCO CR) , languages2_type = Foreign languages , languages2 = , ethnic_groups = * 98% Arab * 2% Other , demonym = Tunisian , government_type = Unitary presidential republic , leader_title1 = President , leader_name1 = Kais Saied , leader_ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamber Of Deputies Of Tunisia
The Chamber of Deputies ( ar, مجلس النواب ''Majlis an-Nuwwāb'', french: Chambre des députés) was the lower chamber of the Parliament of Tunisia, the bicameral legislative branch of the government of Tunisia. It has 214 seats and members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms. 20% of the seats are reserved for the opposition. Elections are held in the last 30 days of each five-year term. To be eligible for office, one must be a voter with a Tunisian mother or father and be at least 23 years old the day candidacy is announced. The last election to the Chamber of Deputies was held in October 2009. Under the original Tunisian constitution, the Chamber of Deputies theoretically possessed great lawmaking powers, and even had the right to censure the government by a two-thirds majority. In practice, the body was dominated by the Democratic Constitutional Rally (formerly the Neo-Destour Party and Socialist Destour Party) from independence until the 2011 Tuni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali ( ar, زين العابدين بن علي, translit=Zayn al-'Ābidīn bin 'Alī; 3 September 1936 – 19 September 2019), commonly known as Ben Ali ( ar, بن علي) or Ezzine ( ar, الزين), was a Tunisian politician who served as the 2nd president of Tunisia from 1987 to 2011. In that year, during the Tunisian revolution, he fled to Saudi Arabia. Ben Ali was appointed Prime Minister in October 1987. He assumed the Presidency on 7 November 1987 in a bloodless coup d'état that ousted President Habib Bourguiba by declaring him incompetent. Ben Ali was subsequently reelected with enormous majorities, each time exceeding 90% of the vote; his final re-election coming on 25 October 2009. Ben Ali was the penultimate surviving leader deposed in the Arab Spring who was survived by Egypt's Hosni Mubarak, the latter dying in February 2020. On 14 January 2011, following a month of protests against his rule, he fled to Saudi Arabia along with his wife Leïla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Democratic Rally
The Democratic Constitutional Rally or Democratic Constitutional Assembly ( ar, التجمع الدستوري الديمقراطي ', french: Rassemblement Constitutionnel Démocratique, sometimes also called Constitutional Democratic Rally in English), also referred to by its French initials RCD, formerly called Neo Destour then Socialist Destourian Party, was the ruling party in Tunisia from independence in 1956 until it was overthrown and dissolved in the Tunisian revolution in 2011. History and profile In 1920, Tunisian nationalists formed the Destour (Constitutional) Party in opposition to French Protectorate of Tunisia, French rule. As the party developed, a schism occurred within the party, leading to the founding of the Neo Destour Party in 1934 by Habib Bourguiba and several younger members of the old Destour. Under his leadership, the Neo Destour Party successfully garnered independence from France in 1956. As it was, for all intents and purposes, the only well-organize ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral system An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections ma ...s and political development, he has published several books. IDEA Bibliography Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Electi ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Movement Of Socialist Democrats
The Movement of Socialist Democrats ( ar, حركة الديمقراطيين الاشتراكيين, ' ; french: Mouvement des démocrates socialistes, MDS, also translated as "Socialist Democrats Movement") is a political party in Tunisia. The MDS was founded by defectors from the then ruling Socialist Destourian Party (PSD) and liberal-minded expatriates in 1978. The founders of the MDS had already been involved in the establishment of the Tunisian Human Rights League (LTDH) in 1976/77. Its first secretary general was Ahmed Mestiri who had been a member of the PSD and interior minister in the government of Habib Bourguiba, but was dropped from the government in 1971 and expelled from the party after he had called for democratic reforms and pluralism. Tunisia was then a single-party state ruled exclusively by the PSD. The MDS remained illegal until 1981 when the more reform-minded Prime Minister Mohammed Mzali allowed oppositional parties to run candidates' lists in elections an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ettajdid Movement
The Ettajdid Movement (''Movement for Renewal'' ; ar, حركة التجديد, ' ; french: Mouvement Ettajdid), also referred to simply as Ettajdid, was a centre-left secularist political party in Tunisia, active from 1993 to 2012. History and profile Ettajdid evolved out of the old Tunisian Communist Party when it abandoned its former ideology in 1993. During the Ben Ali rule it was one of the legal, although oppressed opposition parties. After the Tunisian revolution of 2011, it became part of the Democratic Modernist Pole alliance and in 2012 it merged into the Social Democratic Path. It was led by its First Secretary Mohamed Harmel from its creation until 2007 and then by Ahmed Brahim until its dissolution. Adopting its new name and abandoning communism in April 1993, the party adopted a social economic programme, and it was legalised in November 1993. In the 1994 election, the party won four seats. This increased to five in 1999, before falling to three in the 2004 elec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unionist Democratic Union
The Unionist Democratic Union ( ar, الاتحاد الديمقراطي الوحدوي; french: Union démocratique unioniste) is a political party in Tunisia with pan-Arabist ideology. History and profile The party was founded on 30 November 1988 when it was recognized by the authorities. Its founder and first secretary-general Abderrahmane Tlili had been a member of the RCD before he founded the UDU in order to gather Arab nationalists, including Baathists and Nasserists, in a party that was close to the government. The party publishes a newspaper, '' Al Watan''. In 1994, the electoral law was changed, ensuring the parliamentary representation of minor parties. The MDS received 3 of 163 seats (19 being reserved for the opposition). In the 1999 election, the party won seven seats, which it won again in the 2004 election. In 2009, this increased to nine seats. In the election for the Constituent Assembly after the Tunisian revolution The Tunisian Revolution, also cal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Popular Unity Party (Tunisia)
The Popular Unity Party ( ar, حزب الوحدة الشعبية; french: link=no, Parti de l'Unité Populaire, PUP) is an Arab nationalism, Arab nationalist party in Tunisia. History and profile The party was founded in 1981 as a breakaway from the left-wing Popular Unity Movement (MUP) by members who disagreed with MUP leader Ahmed Ben Salah's policy to boycott elections. In 1983, the government of Mohammed Mzali legalised two moderate oppositional parties, including the PUP. The party won two seats in the Tunisian general election, 1994, general election held on 20 March 1994. Following the elections of 1999, the PUP had 7 members in the Tunisian parliament. At the Tunisian general election, 2004, 2004 legislative elections, the party won 3.6% of the popular vote and 11 out of 189 seats. The same day, its candidate , won 3.8% at the presidential elections. In 2006, the PUP tried to form an alliance with three other minor oppositional parties, the Social Liberal Party (Tunisia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Liberal Party (Tunisia)
The Social Liberal Party ( ar, الحزب الاجتماعي التحرري ; french: Parti social-libéral), abbreviated to PSL, is an opposition liberal political party in Tunisia. The party is a member of the Liberal International and the Africa Liberal Network. The party was founded in September 1988 under the name "Social Party for Progress" (french: Parti social pour le progrès), but was renamed in October 1993 to reflect its liberal ideology. At the 1999 election, it won election for the first time, winning its first two seats in the Chamber of Deputies. They retained these two seats at the 2004, when its candidate Mohamed Mouni Béji also won 0.8% at the presidential elections. In 2005, Mongi Khamassi, one of the party's founders, split to form the Green Party for Progress. Despite this, the PSL quadrupled its seats to eight in the 2009 election, making it the fifth-largest party. As well as liberal social and political reforms, the PSL advocates economic liber ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progressive Democratic Party (Tunisia)
The Progressive Democratic Party ( ar, الحزب الديمقراطي التقدمي, '; french: Parti démocrate progressiste), also referred to by its acronym PDP, was a secular liberal political party in Tunisia. History and profile The Progressive Democratic Party was founded under the name of ''Progressive Socialist Rally'' in 1983, gained legal recognition on 12 September 1988 and was renamed Progressive Democratic Party in 2001. Under the rule of Ben Ali it was a legal opposition party, but subjected to political repression. After the Tunisian revolution it was one of the major left-leaning secular political forces. It was led by Ahmed Najib Chebbi and Maya Jribi. On 9 April 2012, it merged into the Republican Party. The Progressive Democratic Party had a newspaper, ''Al-Mawqif''. Under the Ben Ali rule In its beginnings, the Progressive Socialist Rally (now PDP) gathered a broad range of currents from Marxists and pro-democracy activists to progressive Muslims. Durin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
