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1992 In Archaeology
The year 1992 in archaeology involved some significant events. Events * Pointe-à-Callière Museum founded in Old Montreal, Quebec. Excavations * Tel Dan. * Excavations begin at Kuşaklı (Sarissa). * "Jules Verne" shipwrecks at Marseille. Finds * June ** Villa Mendo Roman Villa at Rio Alto, Portugal. ** Longyou Caves in China. * 28 September: Dover Bronze Age Boat, a substantially intact seagoing craft of 1575–1520 BCE, discovered by road construction workers on the south coast of England. * 16 November: Hoxne Hoard discovered by metal detectorist Eric Lawes in Suffolk, England. * El Fuerte de Samaipata near Samaipata, Bolivia excavated by Dr. Albert Meyers of the University of Bonn. * Stone tools 2.6 million years old are first found at Gona in the Afar Depression of Ethiopia. * First fragments of '' Ardipithecus ramidus'' found. Publications * Donald B. Redford – ''Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times''. * Nils Ringstedt – ''Household Economy and A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeology
Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. It is usually considered an independent academic discipline, but may also be classified as part of anthropology (in North America – the four-field approach), history or geography. Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent decades. Archaeology is distinct from palaeontology, which is the study of fossil remains. Archaeology is particularly important for learning about prehistoric societies, for which, by definition, there are no written records. Prehistory includes over 99% of the human past, from the Paleolithic until the adven ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stone Tool
A stone tool is, in the most general sense, any tool made either partially or entirely out of stone. Although stone tool-dependent societies and cultures still exist today, most stone tools are associated with prehistoric (particularly Stone Age) cultures that have become extinct. Archaeologists often study such prehistoric societies, and refer to the study of stone tools as lithic analysis. Ethnoarchaeology has been a valuable research field in order to further the understanding and cultural implications of stone tool use and manufacture. Stone has been used to make a wide variety of different tools throughout history, including arrowheads, spearheads, hand axes, and querns. Stone tools may be made of either ground stone or knapped stone, the latter fashioned by a flintknapper. Knapped stone tools are made from cryptocrystalline materials such as chert or flint, radiolarite, chalcedony, obsidian, basalt, and quartzite via a process known as lithic reduction. One simple form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1944 In Archaeology
Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1944. Excavations * August - Excavations in the bombed area of Canterbury, England, are begun. * "Caesar's Camp" (pre-Roman) site at location of London Heathrow Airport. Publications * Paul Jacobsthal's ''Early Celtic Art'' published in Oxford. Finds * First find of 12th century Kilwa Sultanate copper coins on Marchinbar Island off the north coast of Australia. Events * 31 May - Nemi ships destroyed by fire. * The Council for British Archaeology is formed. * Mortimer Wheeler is appointed Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India. Births * 1 March - Dai Morgan Evans, British archaeologist (d. 2017) * 6 July - Timothy W. Potter, English archaeologist (d. 2000) * 10 July - Norman Hammond, British Mayanist * 15 July - Nigel Williams, British conservator (d. 1992) * 25 July - David Breeze, British archaeologist notable for work on Hadrian's Wall, the Antonine Wall and the Roman Army * 19 December - Ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nigel Williams (conservator)
Nigel Reuben Rook Williams (15 July 1944 – 21 April 1992) was an English conservator and expert on the restoration of ceramics and glass. From 1961 until his death he worked at the British Museum, where he became the Chief Conservator of Ceramics and Glass in 1983. There his work included the successful restorations of the Sutton Hoo helmet and the Portland Vase. Joining as an assistant at age 16, Williams spent his entire career, and most of his life, at the British Museum. He was one of the first people to study conservation, not yet recognised as a profession, and from an early age was given responsibility over high-profile objects. In the 1960s he assisted with the re-excavation of the Sutton Hoo ship-burial, and in his early- to mid-twenties he conserved many of the objects found therein: most notably the Sutton Hoo helmet, which occupied a year of his time. He likewise reconstructed other objects from the find, including the shield, drinking horns, and maplewood bott ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1919 In Archaeology
Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1919. Events * 22 May: A. E. Douglass provides the first comparative dendrochronology datings, to Clark Wissler of the American Museum of Natural History for sites in New Mexico. Explorations * Julio C. Tello makes the first scientific survey of Chavin de Huantar in Peru. * Late: Col. William Hawley begins work at Stonehenge in England. Excavations * St Piran's Old Church, Perranzabuloe, Cornwall, England. * Excavation of Tell al-'Ubaid in Mesopotamia by Henry Hall of the British Museum begins. * 1919–1921: Graig Lwyd Neolithic stone axe factory in North Wales. Finds * 12 May: Traprain Treasure of Roman silver found in Scotland. Publications * Katherine Routledge – ''The Mystery of Easter Island: the story of an expedition''. Births * 13 March: Mualla Eyüboğlu, Turkish restoration architect (died 2009). * 23 October: Manolis Andronikos, Greek archaeologist (died 1992). Deaths * 1 October: Francis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manolis Andronikos
Manolis Andronikos ( el, Μανόλης Ανδρόνικος) (October 23, 1919 – March 30, 1992) was a Greek archaeologist and a professor at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Biography Andronikos was born on October 23, 1919 at Bursa ( el, Προύσα). Later, his family moved to Thessaloniki. He studied philosophy at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and in 1952 became a professor of Classical Archeology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Later he continued his studies at Oxford University with professor Sir John D. Beazley (1954–1955). He came back to the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in 1957 where he taught Archeology first as instructor and later (1964) as professor. He was married to the school teacher Olympia Kakoulidou and loved reading poetry, especially Kostis Palamas, Giorgos Seferis and Odysseas Elitis. He was the founder of a local cultural group named ''Art'' ( el, Η τέχνη). Manolis Andronikos conducted archaeol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1894 In Archaeology
Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1894. Explorations * Thomas Gann makes first scientific exploration of Xunantunich. * Henri Lammens visits the Roman temple of Bziza. Excavations * March 29–May 12 - Augustus Pitt Rivers excavates Wor Barrow mound on Cranborne Chase in England. * Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology - Harvard University project at Copán in Honduras concludes. * On Dartmoor in England, Grimspound late Bronze Age settlement is excavated and partially reconstructed and Langstone Moor stone circle is largely re-erected. * Sir Henry Meux excavates Avebury in Wiltshire, England. * Flinders Petrie begins excavation of the Naqada culture in Egypt. * 2-year investigation of the Pyramid of Senusret I at Lisht in Egypt by Swiss archaeologists Jules-Émile Gautier and Gustave Jéquier begins. Finds * Knossos is found by Arthur Evans. * Roman silver plate, dated to 2nd–4th century, unearthed near Yenikend, Azerbaijan. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oscar Broneer
__NOTOC__ Oscar Theodore Broneer (December 28, 1894 – February 22, 1992) was a prominent Swedish American educator and archaeologist known in particular for his work on Ancient Greece. He is most associated with his discovery of the Temple of Isthmia, an important Panhellenic shrine dating from the seventh century B.C. Biography Broneer was born in the parish of Bäckebo in Kalmar County, Sweden. Broneer was the youngest son of a rural farm family. He left Sweden in 1913 for the United States. He first studied at Augustana College and then attended the University of California, Berkeley where it took Broneer only two years to earn both an M.A. and Ph.D. Broneer was professor of archaeology, classical languages and literature at the University of Chicago from 1949 until his retirement in 1960. He also served as director of the university excavations at Isthmia. Additionally he held visiting professorships at the University of California at Los Angeles and Stanford Universi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1910 In Archaeology
Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1910. Excavations * Francis Llewellyn Griffith begins a 4-year series of excavations in Nubia. * Edgar Lee Hewett begins a 4-year project at Quiriguá. * Antonios Keramopoulos excavates the temple of Apollo in Thebes, Greece. * St Piran's Oratory, Perranzabuloe, Cornwall, England. * Coldrum Long Barrow in south east England. * Jesús Carballo begins the first excavations at the archaeological site of Atapuerca in northern Spain. * Robert Ranulph Marett begins a 4-year project at the Paleolithic site of La Cotte de St Brelade on Jersey, Channel Islands. Finds * December – 'Meroë Head' looted from a bronze statue of Roman emperor Augustus buried in the Kushite site of Meroë in modern Sudan, excavated by John Garstang. Events * United Fruit Company purchases land in Guatemala including the Maya site of Quiriguá; 30 acres (120,000 m2) including and around the ruins are set aside as an archaeological zon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ignacio Bernal
Ignacio Bernal (February 13, 1910 in Paris - January 24, 1992 in Mexico City) was an eminent Mexican anthropologist and archaeologist. Bernal excavated much of Monte Albán, originally starting as a student of Alfonso Caso, and later led major archeological projects at Teotihuacan. In 1965 he excavated Dainzú. He was the director of Mexico's National Museum of Anthropology 1962-68 and again 1970–77. In 1965, he was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Bernal was awarded the Premio Nacional in 1969. He was a founding member of the Third World Academy of Sciences The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) is a merit-based science academy established for developing countries, uniting 1,000 scientists in some 70 countries. Its principal aim is to promote scientific capacity and excellence for sustainable deve ... in 1983. Biography Bernal was the son of Rafael and Rafaela (Garcia Pimentel) Bernal. He married Sofia Verea on October 14, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donald B
Donald is a masculine given name derived from the Gaelic name ''Dòmhnall''.. This comes from the Proto-Celtic *''Dumno-ualos'' ("world-ruler" or "world-wielder"). The final -''d'' in ''Donald'' is partly derived from a misinterpretation of the Gaelic pronunciation by English speakers, and partly associated with the spelling of similar-sounding Germanic names, such as '' Ronald''. A short form of ''Donald'' is ''Don''. Pet forms of ''Donald'' include ''Donnie'' and ''Donny''. The feminine given name ''Donella'' is derived from ''Donald''. ''Donald'' has cognates in other Celtic languages: Modern Irish ''Dónal'' (anglicised as ''Donal'' and ''Donall'');. Scottish Gaelic ''Dòmhnall'', ''Domhnull'' and ''Dòmhnull''; Welsh '' Dyfnwal'' and Cumbric ''Dumnagual''. Although the feminine given name ''Donna'' is sometimes used as a feminine form of ''Donald'', the names are not etymologically related. Variations Kings and noblemen Domnall or Domhnall is the name of many anci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ardipithecus Ramidus
''Ardipithecus ramidus'' is a species of australopithecine from the Afar region of Early Pliocene Ethiopia 4.4 million years ago (mya). ''A. ramidus'', unlike modern hominids, has adaptations for both walking on two legs (bipedality) and life in the trees (arboreality). However, it would not have been as efficient at bipedality as humans, nor at arboreality as non-human great apes. Its discovery, along with Miocene apes, has reworked academic understanding of the chimpanzee-human last common ancestor from appearing much like modern day chimpanzees, orangutans and gorillas to being a creature without a modern anatomical cognate. The facial anatomy suggests that ''A. ramidus'' males were less aggressive than those of modern chimps, which is correlated to increased parental care and monogamy in primates. It has also been suggested that it was among the earliest of human ancestors to use some proto-language, possibly capable of vocalizing at the same level as a human infant. This is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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