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1990 Macedonian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia on 11 November 1990, with a second round on 25 November.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1278 They were the first competitive elections in the country's history. VMRO-DPMNE Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity ( mk, Внатрешна македонска револуционерна организација – Демократска партија за ... emerged as the largest party, winning 38 of the 120 seats. Electoral system The 120 members of the Assembly were elected in 120 single-member constituencies. If no candidate received over 50% in the first round, a second round was held and contested by every candidate who received over 7% of the vote in the first round. In the second round a majority was not required, and the candidate who received the most votes won the seat.Nohlen & Stöver, ...
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Socialist Republic Of Macedonia
The Socialist Republic of Macedonia ( mk, Социјалистичка Република Македонија, Socijalistička Republika Makedonija), or SR Macedonia, commonly referred to as Socialist Macedonia or Yugoslav Macedonia, was one of the six constituent republics of the post-World War II Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and a nation state of the Macedonians. After the transition of the political system to parliamentary democracy in 1990, the Republic changed its official name to Republic of Macedonia in 1991,''On This Day'' – Macedonian Information Agency – MIA
, see: 1991
and with the beginning of the

Movement For All-Macedonian Action
Movement for All-Macedonian Action (Dviženje za Semakedonska Akcija - MAAK) was a political party in Macedonia. The party was founded in February 1990, and sought to promote Macedonian independence. As a consequence of the overtly nationalistic name, and the lion as the party emblem, MAAK was initially seen as very radical. However, the party soon became seen as the party of intellectuals. MAAK's platform promoted the party as the party of all Macedonians, "regardless of social, national or religious affiliations, who accept the party's Program Declaration and Manifesto on free, independent and sovereign Macedonian state."Political Parties in the Republic of Macedonia
On November 12, 1990 the National Front was founded, compose ...
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1990 Elections In Yugoslavia
Year 199 ( CXCIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was sometimes known as year 952 ''Ab urbe condita''. The denomination 199 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Mesopotamia is partitioned into two Roman provinces divided by the Euphrates, Mesopotamia and Osroene. * Emperor Septimius Severus lays siege to the city-state Hatra in Central-Mesopotamia, but fails to capture the city despite breaching the walls. * Two new legions, I Parthica and III Parthica, are formed as a permanent garrison. China * Battle of Yijing: Chinese warlord Yuan Shao defeats Gongsun Zan. Korea * Geodeung succeeds Suro of Geumgwan Gaya, as king of the Korean kingdom of Gaya (traditional date). By topic Religion * Pope Zephyrinus succeeds Pope Victor I, as the ...
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Party For The Full Emancipation Of The Roma Of Macedonia
The Party for the Full Emancipation of the Roma of Macedonia ( mk, Партија за целосна еманципација на Ромите од Македонија, ''Partija za Celosna Emancipacija na Romite od Makedonija'', PCERM) is a political party in North Macedonia representing the Roma minority. History The PCERM contested the 1990 parliamentary elections at a time when Macedonia was still part of Yugoslavia. It ran alone in some areas and in alliance with the Socialist Party in others, the latter alliance winning a single seat,Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1288 taken by Faik Abdi. It ran alone in the 1994 elections, receiving 0.7% of the vote and winning one seat. During the 1994–98 parliamentary term it was represented in the Assembly by Abdi and Amdi Bajram. Reportedly, in the 1990s, leaders of the PCERM called for the establishment of an independent Romani state, "Romanistan". The 1998 elections saw the ...
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Party Of Yugoslavs In Macedonia
The Party of Yugoslavs in Macedonia ( mk, Странка на Југословените, ''Stranka na Jugoslovenite vo Makedonija'', SJM) was a political party in Macedonia. History Registered in May 1990 as the Party of Yugoslavs, the party's main policy was the preservation of Yugoslavia. It contested the 1990 parliamentary elections, receiving 1.6% of the vote in the first round and 1.7% in the second. It won two seats,Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1282 taken by Risto Kelesov (in Kumanovo) and Risto Stamenov (in Strumica Strumica ( mk, Струмица, ) is the largest city2002 census results
in English and Macedon ...
). The party was later renamed Party of Yugoslavs in Macedonia–YUGA (Yugoslav Union Civil Alliance), but following the breakup of Yugosla ...
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Social Democratic Party Of Macedonia
The Social Democratic Party of Macedonia ( mk, Социјалдемократска партија на Македонија, ''Socijal-demokratska partija na Makedonija'', SDPM) is a political party in North Macedonia. History Established in 1990, the SDPM was the first political party to register in Macedonia, with Slavko Milosavlevski becoming its founding president. It contested the 1990 parliamentary elections, at a time when Macedonia was still part of Yugoslavia. It received 1.6% of the vote in the first round and 0.2 in the second, failing to win a seat. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1288 It also ran in alliance with the Union of Reform Forces in some areas, but the alliance failed to win a seat. Despite seeing its vote share fall to 1.2% in the first round of the 1994 elections, the party managed to win a single seat in the Assembly. The SDPM did not contest the 1998 elections,Nohlen & Stöver, p1281 but returned to run in ...
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Workers Party (Republic Of Macedonia)
Workers Party (, ''Rabotnička partija'') was a leftist political party in the Republic of Macedonia. It was established in June 1990. First president of the party was Krste Jankovski. The RP took part in all of the elections in the 1990s. In the 1998 parliamentary elections, the RP had presented a list with 35 candidates, headed by Đuro Keškec Đuro ( sr-Cyrl, Ђуро; also transliterated Djuro or Gjuro) is a South Slavic male given name derived from ''Đurađ'' (a Serbian variant of '' George''). It may refer to: * Đuro Bago (born 1961), a football coach and sports director * Đuro .... The party received 1,528 votes (0.14%). Political parties established in 1990 Defunct political parties in North Macedonia Political parties in Yugoslavia Left-wing parties Socialist parties in North Macedonia {{RMacedonia-party-stub ...
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Young Democratic-Progressive Party
The Young Democratic-Progressive Party ( mk, Млада демократско-прогресивна странка, ''Mlada Demokratsko-Progresivna Stranska'', MDPS) was a political party in Macedonia led by Risto Ivanov. History The party contested the 1990 parliamentary elections, at a time when Macedonia was still part of Yugoslavia. In some areas it ran in coalition with the Union of Reform Forces (SRS), with the alliance winning six seats. In others it ran with the Socialist Party, winning one seat. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1282 In 1991 it merged with the SRS,Sabrina P Ramet, Ola Listhaug & Albert Simkus (2013) ''Civic and Uncivic Values in Macedonia: Value Transformation, Education and Media'', Palgrave Macmillan, 23 Jan 2013, p124 which was renamed Reform Forces in Macedonia–Liberal Party, eventually becoming the Liberal Party of Macedonia The Liberal Party of Macedonia ( mk, Либерална партија на М ...
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People's Democratic Party (Macedonia)
The People's Democratic Party ( mk, Народна демократска партија, ''Narodna Demokratska Partija'', NDP) was an Albanian political party in Macedonia based in Tetovo. History The party was established in July 1990, and was formally registered on 1 August. Iljaz Halimi was appointed party president, whilst Ibrahim Bedredin became secretary. It contested the 1990 parliamentary elections, at a time when Macedonia was still part of Yugoslavia. Running alone, it received 0.4% of the vote in the first round and 0.5% in the second, winning a single seat in the Assembly.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1282 It also ran in alliance with the Party for Democratic Prosperity in some areas, with the alliance winning five seats. In the 1994 elections the party increased its vote share to 3%, winning four seats. In 1997 it merged with the Party for Democratic Prosperity of Albanians to form the Democratic Party of Albani ...
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Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral system An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections ma ...s and political development, he has published several books.About the contributors
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Bibliography

Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Electi ...
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Socialist Party Of Macedonia
The Socialist Party of Macedonia ( mk, Социјалистичка партија на Македонија, ''Socijalistička Partija na Makedonija'', SPM) is a political party in North Macedonia founded on 22 September 1990 as a successor to the Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia. The SPM proclaims itself to be a left-wing democratic socialist party. The SPM was part of the coalition governments from 1992 to 1998, led by the SDSM. The party's first leader was Kiro Popovski and was led by Ljubisav Ivanov-Dzingo after until his death in 2020. The party's current leader is Ljupco Dimovski. In the 2002 legislative elections, the party won 2.1% of the popular vote and 1 out of 120 seats. Before this elections the SPM broke its close relations with the SDSM and refused to take part in the SDSM led coalition government. In December 2003 the SPM formed a coalition with the Democratic Alternative and with the Democratic Union. In the 2006 legislative elections, the ...
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Liberal Party Of Macedonia
The Liberal Party of Macedonia ( mk, Либерална партија на Македонија, ''Liberalna partija na Makedonija'') is a conservative-liberal political party in North Macedonia. The party was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party but is no longer a member. It is currently led by Ivon Velickovski. History The Liberal Party was established on 5 October 1990 as the Union of Reform Forces in Macedonia (Сојуз на реформски сили, ''Sojuz na reformski sili'', SRS). Although it shared its name with the Union of Reform Forces operating in other parts of Yugoslavia and headed by Prime Minister Ante Marković, it was not directly linked to the party. However, due to Marković's popularity, the party performed well in the 1990 parliamentary elections, receiving 13.3% of the vote in the first round and 16.1% in the second, winning a total of 11 seats. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p12 ...
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