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1985 Italian Presidential Election
The 1985 Italian presidential election was held on 24 June 1985. Only members of Parliament and regional delegates were entitled to vote, most of these electors having been elected in the 1983 general election and in the 1985 regional elections. As head of state of the Italian Republic, the President has a role of representation of national unity and guarantees that Italian politics comply with the Italian Constitution, in the framework of a parliamentary system. As a result of the election, Francesco Cossiga was elected President on the first round with almost 75% of the votes. It was the first time in the history of the Italian Republic that a President had been elected on the first round. Procedure In accordance with the Italian Constitution, the election was held in the form of a secret ballot, with the Senators and the Deputies entitled to vote. The election was held in the Palazzo Montecitorio, home of the Chamber of Deputies, with the capacity of the building expanded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senate Of The Republic (Italy)
The Senate of the Republic ( it, Senato della Repubblica), or simply the Senate ( it, Senato), is the upper house of the bicameral Italian Parliament (the other being the Chamber of Deputies). The two houses together form a perfect bicameral system, meaning they perform identical functions, but do so separately. Pursuant to the Articles 57, 58, and 59 of the Italian Constitution, the Senate has 200 elective members, of which 196 are elected from Italian constituencies, and 4 from Italian citizens living abroad. Furthermore, there is a small number (currently 6) of senators for life (''senatori a vita''), either appointed or ''ex officio''. It was established in its current form on 8 May 1948, but previously existed during the Kingdom of Italy as ''Senato del Regno'' ( Senate of the Kingdom), itself a continuation of the ''Senato Subalpino'' ( Subalpine Senate) of Sardinia established on 8 May 1848. Members of the Senate are styled '' Senator'' or ''The Honourable Senator'' (Ital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palazzo Montecitorio
The Palazzo Montecitorio () is a palace in Rome and the seat of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Italian Parliament. History The palace's name derives from the slight hill on which it is built, which was claimed to be the ''Mons Citatorius'', the hill created in the process of clearing the Campus Martius in Roman times. The building was originally designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini for the young Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, nephew of Pope Gregory XV. However, with the death of Gregory XV by 1623, work stopped, and was not restarted until the papacy of Pope Innocent XII (Antonio Pignatelli), when it was completed by the architect Carlo Fontana, who modified Bernini's plan with the addition of a bell gable above the main entrance. The building was designated for public and social functions only, due to Innocent XII's firm antinepotism policies which were in contrast to his predecessors. In 1696 the Curia apostolica (papal law courts) was installed there. Later it w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnaldo Forlani
Arnaldo Forlani, (; born 8 December 1925) is an Italian former politician and statesman who served as the 43rd prime minister of Italy from 18 October 1980 to 28 June 1981. He also held the office of deputy prime minister, minister of Foreign Affairs and minister of Defence. A member of the right-wing faction of the Christian Democracy party, Forlani was one of the most prominent Italian politicians from the 1970s to early 1990s. At years old, he is both the oldest living and the longest-lived prime minister of Italy. Early life and career Forlani was born in Pesaro, Marche, from a middle-class family. In 1948, after the degree in law at the University of Urbino, Forlani began his political career, holding the position of provincial secretary of Christian Democracy for Pesaro; he was later elected in the municipal and provincial councils. In 1954 he became a member of the central committee of Christian Democracy. In the 1958 Italian general election, Forlani was elected in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Craxi Cossiga 1985
Craxi ( or , ) is an Italian surname which originated from Sicily. Notable people with the surname include: *Bettino Craxi (1934–2000), Italian politician *Bobo Craxi (born 1964), Italian politician, son of Bettino *Stefania Craxi Stefania Gabriella Anastasia Craxi (born 25 October 1960 in Milan) is an Italian politician, daughter of the former Italian Prime Minister Bettino Craxi and sister of Bobo Craxi. Biography Stefania Craxi was an entrepreneur in the world of tele ... (born 1960), Italian politician, daughter of Bettino References {{surname, Craxi Italian-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alessandro Natta
Alessandro Natta (7 January 1918 – 23 May 2001), was an Italian politician and secretary of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) from 1984 to 1988. Before and during the World War Born in Oneglia, Natta attended the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa together with the future President of the Italian Republic Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, and in that city he began taking part in the opposition to Benito Mussolini's Fascist regime. During World War II, he was sent to Greece, and in the chaos following Italy's armistice with the Allies, took part in the defence of Gaddurà airport in Rhodes from German attacks. Captured, he refused to collaborate with the Germans and the Italian Social Republic and was consequently interned first in a prison camp on the island, then subsequently sent to a lager in Germany. Role in the PCI Natta returned to Italy only in August 1945, and joined the PCI in Imperia, dedicating himself to the party full-time. He was in turn a Comune councillor, secretary o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Craxi I Cabinet
The Craxi I Cabinet was the cabinet of the Italian government which held office from 4 August 1983 until 1 August 1986, for a total of 1,093 days, or 2 years, 11 months and 28 days. Party breakdown Ministers and other members *Italian Socialist Party (PSI): prime minister, 5 ministers and 14 undersecretaries *Christian Democracy (DC): deputy prime minister, 15 ministers and 31 undersecretaries *Italian Republican Party (PRI): 3 ministers and 6 undersecretaries *Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI): 3 ministers and 5 undersecretaries *Italian Liberal Party The Italian Liberal Party ( it, Partito Liberale Italiano, PLI) was a liberal and conservative political party in Italy. The PLI, which is the heir of the liberal currents of both the Historical Right and the Historical Left, was a minor party ... (PLI): 2 ministers and 4 undersecretaries Composition References {{Italian Governments Italian governments Cabinets established in 1983 Cabinets disestablished i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Years Of Lead (Italy)
, partof = the Cold War , image = Stragedibologna-2.jpg , image_size = 300px , caption = Aftermath of the bombing at the Bologna railway station in August 1980 which killed 85 people, the deadliest event during the Years of Lead , date = Late 1968 – mid 1988 ()Resurgence from 1999 to 2005 () , place = Italy (mainly Northern Italy) , result = Far-left and far-right terrorist groups dismantled , combatant1 = Supported by: , combatant2 = Supported by: , combatant3 = Supported by: , commander1 = , commander2 = , commander3 = , units1 = Armed Forces: +90,000 soldiers (1973) Gladio: 622 members , units2 = BR: Several hundred active members PL: 1,072 members and collaborators O22: 25 members PAC: 60 militants AO: 200 membersGun Cuninghame, Patrick. "Autonomia In The Seventies: The Refusal Of Work, The Party And Poli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bettino Craxi
Benedetto "Bettino" Craxi ( , , ; 24 February 1934 – 19 January 2000) was an Italian politician, leader of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) from 1976 to 1993, and the 45th prime minister of Italy from 1983 to 1987. He was the first PSI member to become prime minister and the third from a socialist party to hold the office. He led the third-longest government in the Italian Republic and he is considered one of the most powerful and prominent politicians of the First Italian Republic. Craxi was involved in investigations conducted by ''Mani Pulite'' judges in Milan, eventually being convicted for political corruption and illicit financing of the PSI. He always rejected the charges of corruption while admitting to the illegal funding that permitted costly political activity, the PSI being less financially powerful than the two larger parties, Christian Democracy (DC) and the Italian Communist Party (PCI). Craxi's government and party were also supported by future Prime Minister ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Spadolini
Giovanni Spadolini (21 June 1925 – 4 August 1994) was an Italian politician and statesman, who served as the 44th prime minister of Italy. He had been a leading figure in the Republican Party and the first head of a government to not be a member of Christian Democrats since 1945. He was also a newspaper editor, journalist and historian. He is considered a highly respected intellectual for his literary works and his cultural dimension. Professor of Contemporary History at the University of Florence, he was the author of numerous historical works. He was also a journalist and editor-in-chief of the Bolognese newspaper ''Il Resto del Carlino'', then of the Milanese newspaper '' Il Corriere della Sera''. Spadolini was the first Italian Minister of Cultural Heritage and Environment from 1974 to 1976. He became Prime Minister in 1981 and he led two successive cabinets which were supported by a coalition of parties in Parliament but this only lasted a few months. He was Minist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentapartito
The Pentapartito (from Greek , "five", and Italian , "party"), commonly shortened to CAF (from the initials of Craxi, Andreotti and Forlani), refers to the coalition government of five Italian political parties that formed between June 1981 and April 1991. The coalition comprised the Christian Democracy (DC), the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI), Italian Liberal Party (PLI) and Italian Republican Party (PRI). History The new majority The Pentapartito began in 1981 at a meeting of the Congress of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) when the Christian Democrat Arnaldo Forlani and Socialist Secretary Bettino Craxi signed an agreement with the blessing of Giulio Andreotti. As the agreement was signed in a trailer, it was called the "pact of the camper." The pact was also called "CAF" for the initials of the signers, Craxi-Andreotti-Forlani. With this agreement, the DC party recognized the equal dignity of the so-called "secular parties" of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciriaco De Mita
Luigi Ciriaco De Mita (; 2 February 1928 – 26 May 2022) was an Italian politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy from April 1988 to July 1989. A member of the Christian Democracy (DC), De Mita served as its secretary and leader from May 1982 until February 1989, becoming one of the most influential politicians in the country, as well as one of the most prominent members of DC's left-wing. During his long-time career, he also served as Minister of Industry, Commerce and Crafts from 1973 to 1974, Minister of Foreign Trade from 1974 to 1976 and Minister for Interventions in the South from 1976 until 1979. He had been a member of the Chamber of Deputies for more than 40 years between 1963 and 2008 and also member of the European Parliament. In recent years, De Mita served as mayor of his hometown Nusco from 2014 until his death in 2022. Early life and studies Ciriaco De Mita was born in Nusco in the Avellinese hinterland in 1928. His father was a tailor and postman, while ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of The Italian Senate
The President of the Senate of the Republic ( it, Presidente del Senato della Repubblica) is the presiding officer of the Italian Senate. The President of the Senate is the second highest-ranking office of the Italian Republic (after the President of the Republic). Since 13 October 2022, the role has been held by Ignazio La Russa. Role The President of the Senate represents the Senate to external bodies, regulates debates in the Senate chamber by applying its regulations and the rules of the Italian Constitution, and regulates all the activities of its components in order to ensure that it functions correctly. The President of the Senate, along with the President of the Chamber of Deputies, must be consulted by the President of the Republic before the latter can dissolve the Italian Parliament (Article 88). Acting President of the Republic If the President of the Republic is unable to perform their role as head of state, then the President of the Senate takes on the role, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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