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1980 Chilean Constitutional Referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Chile on 11 September 1980. Nohlen, D (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II'', p262 The proposed new constitution would replace the 1925 constitution, and was approved by over two-thirds of voters.Nohlen, p268 The referendum was controversial, as Chile was then being ruled by a military dictatorship, and it ensured that Augusto Pinochet would remain in power with a rule by decree until 1988, after which he was peacefully removed from power following a popular referendum. Further reforms, beginning in 1989 and most recently in 2005, have attempted to make the constitution more democratic. A referendum held in 2020 after waves of popular protests approved the drafting of a new constitution. Background Under the rule of Augusto Pinochet, the Constitutional Commission (1973–1978) drafted a proposal for a new Chilean constitution. Electoral system In the election, Chileans older than 18 years of age (including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1980 Plebiscito Constitucion 1
__NOTOC__ Year 198 (CXCVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sergius and Gallus (or, less frequently, year 951 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 198 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire *January 28 **Publius Septimius Geta, son of Septimius Severus, receives the title of Caesar (title), Caesar. **Caracalla, son of Septimius Severus, is given the title of Augustus (title), Augustus. China *Winter – Battle of Xiapi: The allied armies led by Cao Cao and Liu Bei defeat Lü Bu; afterward Cao Cao has him executed. By topic Religion * Marcus I of Byzantium, Marcus I succeeds Olympianus of Byzantium, Olympianus as Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, Patriarch of Constantinople (until 211). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Referendum
A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a new policy or specific law, or the referendum may be only advisory. In some countries, it is synonymous with or commonly known by other names including plebiscite, votation, popular consultation, ballot question, ballot measure, or proposition. Some definitions of 'plebiscite' suggest it is a type of vote to change the constitution or government of a country. The word, 'referendum' is often a catchall, used for both legislative referrals and initiatives. Etymology 'Referendum' is the gerundive form of the Latin verb , literally "to carry back" (from the verb , "to bear, bring, carry" plus the inseparable prefix , here meaning "back"Marchant & Charles, Cassell's Latin Dictionary, 1928, p. 469.). As a gerundive is an adjective,A gerundiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Information Center (Chile)
The National Information Center (Spanish: Central Nacional de Informaciones, CNI) was the political police and intelligence body which functioned as an organ of persecution, kidnapping, torture, murder and disappearance of political opponents during the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet in Chile. It was created immediately after the dissolution of its predecessor, the Directorate of National Intelligence (DINA), due to pressure from the United States government as a result of the assassination of Orlando Letelier in exile in Washington in 1977. History The CNI was created on August 13, 1977 by the Decree of Law 1878, with the objective of "gathering and processing all the information at the national level, coming from the different fields of action, that the Supreme Government requires for the creation of policies, plans and programs and the adoption of necessary measures to safeguard national security and the normal development of national activities and maintenance of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dirección De Inteligencia Nacional
The Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional ( en, National Intelligence Directorate) or DINA was the secret police of Chile during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. The DINA has been referred to as "Pinochet's Gestapo". Established in November 1973 as a Chilean Army intelligence unit headed by Colonel Manuel Contreras and vice-director Raúl Iturriaga, the DINA was then separated from the army and made an independent administrative unit in June 1974 under the auspices of Decree 521. The DINA existed until 1977, after which it was renamed the ''Central Nacional de Informaciones'' ( en, National Information Center) or CNI. In 2008, the Chilean Army presented a list of 1,097 DINA agents to Judge Alejandro Solís. DINA internal suppression and human rights violations Under decree #521, the DINA had the power to detain any individual so long as there was a declared state of emergency. Such an administrative state characterized nearly the entire length of the Pinochet government. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cauce
Cauce is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Ana Mari Cauce (born 1956), American psychologist and college administrator * Elīza Cauce (born 1990), Latvian luger See also *Caunce Caunce is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Lewis Caunce (1911–1978), English footballer * Steve Caunce, English businessman, CEO of AO World See also * Cauce Cauce is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *An ... {{Short pages monitor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lan Chile
LATAM Airlines Chile (formerly LAN Airlines and LAN-Chile) is an airline based in Santiago, Chile, one of the founders of LATAM Airlines Group, Latin America's largest airline holding company. The main hub is Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport in Santiago, with secondary hubs in Bogotá, Guayaquil, Lima and Quito airports. LAN was the flag carrier of Chile until its privatization in the 1990s, is the predominant airline in Chile, Ecuador and Peru, and the second-largest carrier in Colombia, through its local subsidiaries. LAN is the largest airline in Latin America, serving Latin America, Northern America, the Caribbean, Oceania, Asia, and Europe. The carrier was a member of the Oneworld airline alliance from 2000 to 2020. LATAM Airlines Group was formed after the takeover by LAN and Brazilian TAM Linhas Aéreas, which was completed on June 22, 2012. In August 2015, it was announced that the two airlines would fully rebrand as LATAM, with one livery to be applied ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banco De Chile
Banco de Chile ( en, Bank of Chile), is a Chilean bank and financial services company with headquarters in Santiago. It is a commercial bank that provides a range of financial services to a client base. As of December 31, 2012, Banco de Chile has a national network of 434 branches, 1,915 ATMs and other electronic channels of distribution. Since 2008, it has been jointly controlled by the Chilean conglomerate Quiñenco group and US bank Citigroup. Operations are organized around six main commercial divisions: large corporations, SMEs, private clients, consumer finance, international banking and capital markets. Additionally, subsidiaries offer securitization, securities brokerage, mutual investment and bottomry, insurance and factoring, among others. Outside Chile, the bank has had a branch in New York City for more than 20 years and has branches in Miami, São Paulo, Buenos Aires, Mexico City and Hong Kong providing international services. History Founded on 28 October 1893 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soprole
Soprole or Sociedad de Productores de Leche is a Chilean maker of dairy products. Under the Soprole brand, the company markets yogurt, milk, desserts, Jelly and butter. It is a subsidiary of Fonterra. History Soprole was created in 1948, initially as a milk, cheese and butter producer. In the 1970s, it diversified its production into more value-added products like juices, pastries and yogurt. Juan Luis Undurraga Aninat, one of the founders, acquired the shares of other investors allowing him to control more than 40 percent of the company. In 1986, The New Zealand Dairy Board, now part of Fonterra, acquired more than 50 percent of Soprole's shares, giving it majority control. That same year, Juan Luis Undurraga Aninat transferred his shares of the company to create the Fundación Isabel Aninat. Under the control of the New Zealand Dairy Board, Soprole bought out some of its competitors like Lácteos Pirque in 1994 and Dos Álamos in 1997. Today, 76 percent of the Chilean dai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan Floreal Recabarren
''Juan'' is a given name, the Spanish language, Spanish and Manx language, Manx versions of ''John (given name), John''. It is very common in Spain and in other Spanish-speaking communities around the world and in the Philippines, and also (pronounced differently) in the Isle of Man. In Spanish, the diminutive form (equivalent to ''Johnny'') is , with feminine form (comparable to ''Jane'', ''Joan'', or ''Joanna'') , and feminine diminutive (equivalent to ''Janet'', ''Janey'', ''Joanie'', etc.). Chinese terms * ( or 娟, 隽) 'beautiful, graceful' is a common given name for Chinese women. * () The Chinese character :wiktionary:卷, 卷, which in Mandarin is almost homophonic with the characters for the female name, is a division of a traditional Chinese manuscript or book and can be translated as 'fascicle', 'scroll', 'chapter', or 'volume'. Notable people * Juan (footballer, born 1979), Brazilian footballer * Juan (footballer, born 1982), Brazilian footballer * Juan (footb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antofagasta
Antofagasta () is a port city in northern Chile, about north of Santiago. It is the capital of Antofagasta Province and Antofagasta Region. According to the 2015 census, the city has a population of 402,669. After the Spanish American wars of independence, Bolivia claimed Antofagasta as part of its territory. Despite having an overwhelmingly ethnic Chilean population, Chile recognised Bolivian sovereignty of Antofagasta in 1866, but in 1879 Chile recanted its recognition of Bolivian sovereignty citing a Bolivian breach of the latest boundary treaty. Antofagasta was captured by Chile in February 14 1879 triggering the War of the Pacific (1879–83). Chilean sovereignty was officially recognised by Bolivia under the terms of the 1904 Treaty of Peace and Friendship. The city of Antofagasta is closely linked to mining activity, being a port and the chief service hub for one of Chile's major mining areas. While silver and saltpeter mining have been historically important for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patricio Aylwin
Patricio Aylwin Azócar (; 26 November 1918 – 19 April 2016) was a Chilean politician from the Christian Democratic Party, lawyer, author, professor and former senator. He was the first president of Chile after dictator Augusto Pinochet, and his election marked the Chilean transition to democracy in 1990. Despite resistance from elements of the Chilean military and government after his election, Aylwin was staunch in his support for the Chilean National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation which exposed the systematic brutalities of the dictatorship. Early life Aylwin, the eldest of the five children of Miguel Aylwin and Laura Azócar, was born in Viña del Mar. An excellent student, he enrolled in the Law School of the University of Chile where he became a lawyer, with the highest distinction, in 1943. He served as professor of administrative law, first at the University of Chile (1946–1967) and also at the School of Law of the Pontifical Catholic University of Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitución Política De La República De Chile 1980
Constitución is Spanish for "constitution" and may refer to: Geography Argentina *Constitución, Buenos Aires, a neighborhood in central Buenos Aires, where the Estación Constitución railway station is located *Constitución Department, Santa Fe, an administrative subdivision of Santa Fe Province *Constitución railway station, a railway station and subway station in Buenos Aires **Constitución (Line C Buenos Aires Underground) **Constitución (Line E Buenos Aires Underground) *Villa Constitución, a city in Santa Fe Province and head town of the Constitución Department Chile *Constitución, Chile Mexico *Ciudad Constitución Ciudad Constitución is a city in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. It is the seat of Comondú Municipality. As of 2019, the city had a total population of 45,888 inhabitants. Ciudad Constitución is a small city which serves as a gateway ..., in Baja California Sur Peru * Ciudad Constitución, Peru Ships * Chilean battleship ''Constitució ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
