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1974 Smallpox Epidemic Of India
The 1974 smallpox epidemic in India infected 188,000 people, leading to the deaths of 31,000 Indians. The media reported the smallpox epidemic as the most severe. However, the claim is debatable due to improvements in reporting since the epidemics of 1875 and 1967. The 1974 epidemic occurred during the country’s intensified campaign against the virus, which saw a shift in strategy from mass vaccinations to search and containment. The year prior, vaccination programs and improved vaccination techniques, along with surveillance and investigation strategies, reduced smallpox transmission in most of the country except for a few states, including Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal. The epidemic persisted in these regions in January and lasted until summer for several reasons. Smallpox was difficult to eradicate in rural, poor areas with inferior transportation and communications. During the Indian smallpox eradication campaign, over 80% of the population lived in remote areas, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Foege
William Herbert Foege (; ''-ghee''; born March 12, 1936) is an American physician and epidemiologist who is credited with "devising the global strategy that led to the eradication of smallpox in the late 1970s". From May 1977 to 1983, Foege served as the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Foege also "played a central role" in efforts that greatly increased immunization rates in developing countries in the 1980s. In June 2011, he authored ''House on Fire: The Fight to Eradicate Smallpox,'' a book on modern science, medicine, and public health over the smallpox disease. On September 23, 2020, he sent a private letter to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Director Robert R. Redfield urging him to acknowledge in writing that the CDC had responded poorly to COVID-19 and to set a new course for how CDC would lead the United States' response, calling the White House's approach "disastrous." Early life Foege was born March 12 1936 in Decorah, Iowa. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1974 Disease Outbreaks
Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of President of the United States, United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom Kippur War determined politics; following List of Prime Ministers of Israel, Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir's resignation in response to high Israeli casualties, she was succeeded by Yitzhak Rabin. In Europe, the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, invasion and occupation of northern Cyprus by Turkey, Turkish troops initiated the Cyprus dispute, the Carnation Revolution took place in Portugal, and Chancellor of Germany, Chancellor of West Germany Willy Brandt resigned following an Guillaume affair, espionage scandal surrounding his secretary Günter Guillaume. In sports, the year was primarily dominated by the 1974 FIFA World Cup, FIFA World Cup in West Germany, in which the Germany national football team, German national team won the championshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disasters In Bihar
A disaster is a serious problem occurring over a short or long period of time that causes widespread human, material, economic or environmental loss which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Disasters are routinely divided into either "natural disasters" caused by natural hazards or "human-instigated disasters" caused from anthropogenic hazards. However, in modern times, the divide between natural, human-made and human-accelerated disasters is difficult to draw. Examples of natural hazards include avalanches, flooding, cold waves and heat waves, droughts, earthquakes, cyclones, landslides, lightning, tsunamis, volcanic activity, wildfires, and winter precipitation. Examples of anthropogenic hazards include criminality, civil disorder, terrorism, war, industrial hazards, engineering hazards, power outages, fire, hazards caused by transportation, and environmental hazards. Developing countries suffer the greates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epidemics In India
An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί ''epi'' "upon or above" and δῆμος ''demos'' "people") is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of patients among a given population within an area in a short period of time. Epidemics of infectious diseases are generally caused by several factors including a significant change in the ecology of the areal population (e.g., increased stress maybe additional reason or increase in the density of a vector species), the introduction of an emerging pathogen to an areal population (by movement of pathogen or host) or an unexpected genetic change that is in the pathogen reservoir. Generally, epidemics concerns with the patterns of infectious disease spread. An epidemic may occur when host immunity to either an established pathogen or newly emerging novel pathogen is suddenly reduced below that found in the endemic equilibrium and the transmission threshold is exceeded. For example, in meningococcal infections, an attack rate in excess of 15 c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1974 In India
Events in the year 1974 in the Republic of India. Incumbents * President of India – V. V. Giri (until 24 August), Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (after 24 August) * Prime Minister of India – Indira Gandhi * Vice President of India – Gopal Swarup Pathak until 30 August; B.D. Jatti * Chief Justice of India – Ajit Nath Ray Governors * Andhra Pradesh – Khandubhai Kasanji Desai * Assam – L. P. Singh * Bihar – Ramchandra Dhondiba Bhandare * Gujarat – Kambanthodath Kunhan Vishwanatham * Haryana – Birendra Narayan Chakraborty * Himachal Pradesh – S. Chakravarti * Jammu and Kashmir – L. K. Jha * Karnataka – Mohanlal Sukhadia * Kerala – N. N. Wanchoo * Madhya Pradesh – Satya Narayan Sinha * Maharashtra – Ali Yavar Jung * Manipur – L.P. Singh * Meghalaya – L.P. Singh * Nagaland – L.P. Singh * Odisha – ** until 20 August: Basappa Danappa Jatti ** 21 August-25 October: Gati Krushna Misra ** starting 25 October: Akbar Ali Khan * Punjab – Mahendra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smallpox Epidemics
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus) which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980, making it the only human disease to be eradicated. The initial symptoms of the disease included fever and vomiting. This was followed by formation of ulcers in the mouth and a skin rash. Over a number of days, the skin rash turned into the characteristic fluid-filled blisters with a dent in the center. The bumps then scabbed over and fell off, leaving scars. The disease was spread between people or via contaminated objects. Prevention was achieved mainly through the smallpox vaccine. Once the disease had developed, certain antiviral medication may have helped. The risk of death was about 30%, with higher rates among babies. Often, those who survived had extensive scarring of thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sage Publishing
SAGE Publishing, formerly SAGE Publications, is an American independent publishing company founded in 1965 in New York by Sara Miller McCune and now based in Newbury Park, California. It publishes more than 1,000 journals, more than 800 books a year, reference works and electronic products covering business, humanities, social sciences, science, technology and medicine. SAGE also owns and publishes under the imprints of Corwin Press (since 1990), CQ Press (since 2008), Learning Matters (since 2011), and Adam Matthew Digital (since 2012). History SAGE was founded in 1965 in New York City by Sara Miller (later Sara Miller McCune) with Macmillan Publishers executive George D. McCune as a mentor; the name of the company is an acronym formed from the first letters of their given names. SAGE relocated to Southern California in 1966, after Miller and McCune married; McCune left Macmillan to formally join the company at that time. Sara Miller McCune remained president for 18 years ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Economic And Social History Review
The ''Indian Economic and Social History Review'' is an academic journal of Indian economic history. It is published by SAGE Publications. The founding editor-in-chief was Tapan Raychaudhuri, who was succeeded by Dharma Kumar. The current editors-in-chief are Sunil Kumar and Sanjay Subrahmanyam. The journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Abstracting and indexing ''Indian Economic and Social History Review'' is abstracted and indexed in: * EBSCO: EconLit * ProQuest: International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) * Social Sciences Citation Index ( Web of Science) * SCOPUS * Research Papers in Economics (RePEc) * DeepDyve * Portico * Dutch-KB * Pro-Quest-RSP * EBSCO * Ohio * Sociological Abstracts - ProQuest * Social Services Abstracts - ProQuest * Worldwide Political Science Abstracts - ProQuest * Bibliography of Asian Studies The Association for Asian Studies (AAS) is a scholarly, non-political and non-profit professional association f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David J
David John Haskins (born 24 April 1957, Northampton, Northamptonshire, England), better known as David J, is a British alternative rock musician, producer, and writer. He is the bassist for the gothic rock band Bauhaus and for Love and Rockets. He has composed the scores for a number of plays and films, and also wrote and directed his own plays, ''Silver for Gold (The Odyssey of Edie Sedgwick)'', in 2008, which was restaged at REDCAT in Los Angeles in 2011, and ''The Chanteuse and The Devil's Muse'' in 2011. His artwork has been shown in galleries internationally, and he has been a resident DJ at venues such as the Knitting Factory. David J has released a number of singles and solo albums, and in 1990 he released one of the first No. 1 hits on the then nascent Modern Rock Tracks charts, with "I'll Be Your Chauffeur". His most recent single, "The Day That David Bowie Died" entered the UK vinyl singles chart at number 4 in 2016. The track appears on his double album, ''Vaga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smiling Buddha
Operation Smiling BuddhaThis test has many code names. Civilian scientists called it "Operation Smiling Buddha" and the Indian Army referred to it as ''Operation Happy Krishna''. According to United States Military Intelligence, ''Operation Happy Krishna'' was the code name for the Indian Army's construction of the underground site in which the tests were conducted. The Ministry of External Affairs designated the test as ''Pokhran-I''. ( MEA designation: Pokhran-I) was the assigned code name of India's first successful nuclear bomb test on 18 May 1974. The bomb was detonated on the army base Pokhran Test Range (PTR), in Rajasthan, by the Indian Army under the supervision of several key Indian generals. ''Pokhran-I'' was also the first confirmed nuclear weapons test by a nation outside the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. Officially, the Indian Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) characterised this test as a "peaceful nuclear explosion". Indira ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
