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1956 Rose Bowl
The 1956 Rose Bowl was the 42nd edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on Monday, January 2. The Michigan State Spartans of the Big Ten Conference defeated the UCLA Bruins of the Pacific Coast Conference, 17–14. Michigan State halfback Walt Kowalczyk was named the Player of the Game.2008 Rose Bowl Program
, . Accessed January 26, 2008.
The game featured two of the most racially integrated college football teams of the day, with six African American players for the Bruins and seven for the Spartans. This stood in stark contrast to the

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Big Ten Conference
The Big Ten Conference (stylized B1G, formerly the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference) is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States. Founded as the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives in 1896, it predates the founding of its regulating organization, the NCAA. It is based in the Chicago area in Rosemont, Illinois. For many decades the conference consisted of 10 universities, and it has 14 members and 2 affiliate institutions. The conference competes in the NCAA Division I and its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), formerly known as Division I-A, the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport. Big Ten member institutions are major research universities with large financial endowments and strong academic reputations. Large student enrollment is a hallmark of its universities, as 12 of the 14 members enroll more than 30,000 students. They are largely state public universities; found ...
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1955 UCLA Bruins Football Team
The 1955 UCLA Bruins football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1955 college football season. In their seventh year under head coach Red Sanders, the Bruins compiled a 9–2 record (6–0 conference) and finished in first place in the Pacific Coast Conference. The November 12 game against Washington was referenced in the 1989 film, ''Back to the Future Part II''; The older Biff Tannen traveled back in time to give his younger self a sports almanac, and he referenced this game to verify its accuracy. Schedule References UCLA The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California. UCLA's academic roots were established in 1881 as a teachers college then known as the southern branch of the California ... UCLA Bruins football seasons Pac-12 Conference football champion seasons UCLA Bruins football UCLA Bruins football {{c ...
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Michigan–Michigan State Football Rivalry
The Michigan–Michigan State football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the University of Michigan Wolverines and the Michigan State University Spartans. The teams first played in 1898 and have met 114 times. The game has now been played uninterrupted, every year since 1945. The winner of each year's game receives the Paul Bunyan – Governor of Michigan Trophy, a four-foot wooden statue of a lumberjack that was first presented in 1953 to commemorate Michigan State's beginning football competition as a member of the Big Ten Conference. Michigan leads the series with an overall record of 72–38–5, though the series has seen several ebbs and flows during which one team or the other has experienced periods of dominance. In the earliest years of the rivalry from 1898 to 1933, Michigan was the dominant program with a record of 23–2–3. The Spartans' first victories were in 1913 and 1915 under head coach John Macklin. Prior to 1958, 44 of the 50 games were ...
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1955 Indiana Hoosiers Football Team
The 1955 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1955 Big Ten Conference football season. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was coached by Bernie Crimmins, in his fourth year as head coach of the Hoosiers. Schedule 1956 NFL draftees References Indiana Indiana Hoosiers football seasons Indiana Hoosiers football The Indiana Hoosiers football program represents Indiana University Bloomington in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision college football and in the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers have played their home games at Memorial Stadium since 19 ...
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1955 Ohio State Buckeyes Football Team
The 1955 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented the Ohio State University in the 1955 Big Ten Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 7–2 record. Schedule Game summaries Nebraska Stanford Illinois Duke Wisconsin Northwestern Indiana Iowa Michigan Coaching staff * Woody Hayes - Head Coach - 5th year Awards and honors * Howard Cassady, Heisman Trophy Trivia * The November 12 game against Iowa was mentioned in the movie ''Back to the Future Part II''. A radio announcer telling the scores of the day's games mentions that Ohio State beat Iowa 20-10. 1956 NFL draftees References {{Big Ten Conference football champions O ...
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New Year's Day
New Year's Day is a festival observed in most of the world on 1 January, the first day of the year in the modern Gregorian calendar. 1 January is also New Year's Day on the Julian calendar, but this is not the same day as the Gregorian one. Whilst most solar calendars (like the Gregorian and Julian) begin the year regularly at or near the northern winter solstice, cultures that observe a lunisolar or lunar calendar celebrate their New Year (such as the Chinese New Year and the Islamic New Year) at less fixed points relative to the solar year. In pre-Christian Rome under the Julian calendar, the day was dedicated to Janus, god of gateways and beginnings, for whom January is also named. From Roman times until the middle of the 18th century, the new year was celebrated at various stages and in various parts of Christian Europe on 25 December, on 1 March, on 25 March and on the movable feast of Easter. In the present day, with most countries now using the Gregorian calendar ...
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. It was a foundational event in the civil rights movement in the United States. The campaign lasted from December 5, 1955—the Monday after Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, was arrested for her refusal to surrender her seat to a white person—to December 20, 1956, when the federal ruling ''Browder v. Gayle'' took effect, and led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws that segregated buses were unconstitutional. Background Before the bus boycott, Jim Crow laws mandated the racial segregation of the Montgomery Bus Line. As a result of this segregation, African Americans were not hired as drivers, were forced to ride in the back of the bus, and were frequently ordered to surrender their seats to white people even though black passengers made up 75% of the bus sy ...
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Rosa Parks
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005) was an American activist in the civil rights movement best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott. The United States Congress has honored her as "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement". On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Parks rejected bus driver James F. Blake's order to vacate a row of four seats in the "colored" section in favor of a White passenger, once the "White" section was filled. Parks was not the first person to resist bus segregation, but the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) believed that she was the best candidate for seeing through a court challenge after her arrest for civil disobedience in violating Alabama segregation laws, and she helped inspire the Black community to boycott the Montgomery buses for over a year. The case became bogged down in the state courts, but the federal Montgomery bu ...
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Pete Thamel
Victor Pete Thamel (born 1977) is an American sports reporter for ESPN. He previously worked for Yahoo Sports, Sports Illustrated, and the New York Times. Early life Thamel was born in Ware, Massachusetts to Peter V. Thamel. He was the sports editor at the high school paper. Thamel graduated from Syracuse University's S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications in 1999, where he majored in magazine. He began his sportswriting career during college at Syracuse, he served as sports editor of The Daily Orange for three years. During his time at Syracuse, Donovan McNabb was the Orange's quarterback, and Jim Boeheim's men's basketball team reached the national championship game in 1996. Career After graduation, Thamel began covering college basketball for The Post-Standard in Syracuse, New York. Thamel joined the New York Times in 2003 and spent nine years there as the national college sports reporter. In 2006, the New York Times nominated him for a Pulitzer Prize for ...
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Marvin Griffin
Samuel Marvin Griffin, Sr. (September 4, 1907 – June 13, 1982) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Georgia. A lifelong Democrat, Griffin was a native of Bainbridge, Georgia and publisher of the ''Bainbridge Post-Searchlight''. He served as the 72nd governor of Georgia from 1955 to 1959, where he supported educational segregation and opposed the integration of Georgia schools. After the end of his gubernatorial tenure, he returned to his native Bainbridge and entered the real estate business, helping to found Bainbridge College (later Bainbridge State College) in 1970. He served on the college's board of directors and died from lung cancer in 1982. Early life and education Griffin was born in Bainbridge, Georgia and graduated from The Citadel in 1929. At The Citadel, Griffin was a battalion commander and also played on the baseball team. He taught in Virginia for a short time before moving back to Bainbridge. Career Georgia General Assembly and cabinet ...
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1955 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets Football Team
The 1955 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1955 college football season. The Yellow Jackets were led by 11th-year head coach Bobby Dodd and played their home games at Grant Field in Atlanta. Early victories over Miami (FL) and Florida had Georgia Tech eyeing the Southeastern Conference crown and a possible national championship. But the Yellow Jackets were upset by Auburn at home, their first loss to the Tigers since 1940. Another setback, a tie to Tennessee, kept them from sharing the SEC title with Ole Miss. They finished the regular season ranked 7th in the AP Poll, and accepted an invitation to the 1956 Sugar Bowl, where they defeated Pittsburgh, 7–0. Schedule References Georgia Tech Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football seasons Sugar Bowl champion seasons Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football The Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets Football Program represents the Georgia Institute of Technology in th ...
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1955 Pittsburgh Panthers Football Team
The 1955 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1955 college football season. The Panthers were led by first-year head coach John Michelosen and played their home games at Pitt Stadium in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In a season that included upsets over top-ten teams Duke and rival West Virginia, Pitt had their most successful season in years. The Panthers finished ranked in the polls for the first time since 1938 and were invited to their first bowl game since the 1937 Rose Bowl. Pittsburgh was invited to the 1956 Sugar Bowl, played against Georgia Tech. Intense controversy surrounded the bowl game, as Pittsburgh had a black player, Bobby Grier, at a time when the sport was not fully integrated. Many people opposed Pittsburgh playing in the bowl, and having desegregated seating sections in the stands, including Georgia governor Marvin Griffin. Georgia's Governor publicly threatened Georgia Tech's president Blake R. Van Leer in an attemp ...
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