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1954 In Archaeology
The year 1954 in archaeology involved some significant events. Explorations * Excavations * Mixco Viejo, Guatemala Musée d'Homme project under the direction of Henri Lehmann starts (continues through 1967). * Neolithic-era site of Ashkelon discovered and excavated by French archaeologist Jean Perrot. * Excavations at Beycesultan by Seton Lloyd of the British Institute of Archaeology in Ankara begin (continue to 1959). * Excavations at Filitosa, Corsica, begin. * Excavations at Nagarjunakonda by the Archaeological Survey of India begin (continue to 1960). * Excavations at Nevasa, Maharashtra, begin (continue to 1956). * Excavations of the London Mithraeum conducted under the direction of W. F. Grimes. * Systematic excavations at Niah Caves begin under the direction of the Sarawak Museum. Finds * September 18 - Marble head of Mithras from London Mithraeum unearthed in Walbrook Square by W. F. Grimes's excavation. * Panlongcheng Erligang culture site in China di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niah Caves
Niah National Park, located within Miri Division, Sarawak, Malaysia, is the site of the Niah Caves limestone cave and archeological site. History Alfred Russel Wallace lived for 8 months at Simunjan District with a mining engineer, Robert Coulson, who had explored what is now northern Sarawak for mineral ores. Coulson later wrote to Wallace about finding bones in a number of caves in Sarawak. On further enquiry, Wallace learned that one cave in question "was situated in the district between Sarawak and Bruni (Brunei), on a mountain some distance inland." In March 1864, Wallace favoured Coulson to explore the caves. However, later in May 1864, G. J. Ricketts, a British Consul to Sarawak was appointed to undertake the work. Ricketts did not remain in the post for long and subsequently Alfred Hart Everett was chosen to undertake the work. Everett surveyed 32 caves in three areas, including Niah/Subis (near Miri) and "Upper Sarawak Proper" (to the south of Kuching). In the 1950s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grahame Clark
Sir John Grahame Douglas Clark (28 July 1907 – 12 September 1995), who often published as J. G. D. Clark, was a British archaeologist who specialised in the study of Mesolithic Europe and palaeoeconomics. He spent most of his career working at the University of Cambridge, where he was appointed Disney Professor of Archaeology from 1952 to 1974 and Master of Peterhouse from 1973 to 1980. Born in Kent to an upper-middle-class family, Clark developed an early interest in archaeology through his collection of prehistoric flint tools. After an education at Marlborough College, he proceeded to Peterhouse in the University of Cambridge, there attaining both his undergraduate and then doctoral degree. For the latter, he produced a thesis and published monograph focusing on Mesolithic Britain. In 1932 he co-founded the Fenland Research Committee, through which he excavated several prehistoric sites in the East Anglian Fens. He was also a senior member of the Prehistoric Society of E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maurice Beresford
Maurice Warwick Beresford, (6 February 1920 – 15 December 2005) was an English economic historian and archaeologist specialising in the medieval period. He was Professor of Economic History at the University of Leeds. Early life and education Beresford was born on 6 February 1920 in Sutton Coldfield, then in Warwickshire.Glasscock, ''The Independent'', 2006 He was the only child of Harry Bertram Beresford and Nora Elizabeth Beresford ( Jefferies). His father died in 1934, aged 46, and Maurice's mother continued to live with him until her death in 1966, aged 79. From 1930 to 1938, Beresford was educated at Bishop Vesey's Grammar School, a state grammar school in Sutton Coldfield. While there, he was enthused by two teachers, one a history master and the other from geography. He was successful at school, becoming a prefect, school librarian and editor of the school newspaper. In 1937, Beresford sat a joint entrance exam in history for six of the University of Cambridge's co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal, Vegetable, Mineral?
''Animal, Vegetable, Mineral?'' was a popular television game show which ran from 1952 to 1959. In the show, a panel of archeologists, art historians, and natural history experts were asked to identify interesting objects or artifacts from museums from Britain and abroad, and other faculties, including university collections. The quiz show was presented by the BBC, continuing a long history of bringing contributors to archaeology into the media limelight. Writing in 1953, the critic C.A. Lejeune described the show as having "a sound, full-bodied, vintage flavour". History The UK television show was modelled on an American TV show called '' What in the World?'' that was developed by Froelich Rainey. The first episode of ''Animal, Vegetable, Mineral?'' was broadcast in October 1952 and was hosted by Lionel Hale and produced by Paul Johnstone. Hale soon stood down as chairman, after an early episode in which he was challenged by Thomas Bodkin about the age of one of the objects ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mortimer Wheeler
Sir Robert Eric Mortimer Wheeler CH CIE MC TD (10 September 1890 – 22 July 1976) was a British archaeologist and officer in the British Army. Over the course of his career, he served as Director of both the National Museum of Wales and London Museum, Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, and the founder and Honorary Director of the Institute of Archaeology in London, in addition to writing twenty-four books on archaeological subjects. Born in Glasgow to a middle-class family, Wheeler was raised largely in Yorkshire before moving to London in his teenage years. After studying classics at University College London (UCL), he began working professionally in archaeology, specialising in the Romano-British period. During World War I he volunteered for service in the Royal Artillery, being stationed on the Western Front, where he rose to the rank of major and was awarded the Military Cross. Returning to Britain, he obtained his doctorate from UCL before ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cape Gelidonya
Cape Gelidonya ( tr, Gelidonya Burnu or Taşlık Burnu, from el, Χελιδωνία, ''Chelidonia''; la, Chelidonium promontorium), formerly Kilidonia or Killidonia is a cape or headland on the Teke Peninsula in the chain of Taurus Mountains, located on the southern coast of Anatolia between the Gulf of Antalya and the Bay of Finike. During the classical Greek and Hellenistic eras, it was called Chelidonia (meaning swallows), and a group of five small islands, as Chelidoniai nesoi (Swallow Islands, now Beşadalar Adasi). In Roman times, it was known as ''Promontorium Sacrum'' (Latin for "Holy Promontory"), and the group of islands as Chelidoniae Insulae. Bronze Age shipwreck The cape is the site of a late Bronze Age shipwreck (c. 1200 BC). In view of the cargo's nature and composition the findings are of a Mycenean Greek provenance. The remains of the ship sat at a depth of about , on irregular rocky bottom. It was located in 1954, and the excavation began in 1960 by Peter Thro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamal El-Mallakh
Kamal el-Mallakh ( ar, كمال الملاخ) was a famous Egyptian archaeologist who was among the Egyptian antiquities inspectors who discovered the ''King Khufu Solar ship'' in 1954. Life El Mallakh was born to a Coptic Christian Orthodox family from Upper Egypt on 26 October 1918 and died on 29 October 1987. He graduated from the ''School of Fine Arts'' in 1943 with a degree in Architecture and then received a master's degree in Egyptology from Cairo University. In 1954 El Mallakh discovered two pits just south of the Great Pyramids of Giza on Cairo's western outskirts, he found Cheops' first boat, the oldest wooden relic of Ancient Egypt Kingdom. El Mallakh maintained that a nearby pit contained another boat. His theory was that the two boats were to ferry Cheops' soul on a perpetual circle through the heavens, one for day time one for night. Other Archeologists denied the pit but it was an American National Geographic society who discovered it which indeed held a bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giza Pyramid Complex
The Giza pyramid complex ( ar, مجمع أهرامات الجيزة), also called the Giza necropolis, is the site on the Giza Plateau in Greater Cairo, Egypt that includes the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure, along with their associated pyramid complexes and the Great Sphinx of Giza. All were built during the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom of Egypt, Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, between 2600 and 2500 BC. The site also includes several cemeteries and the remains of a workers' village. The site is at the edges of the Western Desert (Egypt), Western Desert, approximately west of the Nile, Nile River in the city of Giza, and about southwest of the city centre of Cairo. Along with nearby Memphis, Egypt, Memphis, the site was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979. The Great Pyramid and the Pyramid of Khafre are the largest Egyptian pyramids, pyramids built in ancient Egypt, and they have historicall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khufu Ship
The Khufu ship is an intact full-size solar barque from ancient Egypt. It was sealed into a pit at the foot of the Great Pyramid of pharaoh Khufu around 2500 BC, during the Fourth Dynasty of the ancient Egyptian Old Kingdom. Like other buried Ancient Egyptian ships, it was apparently part of the extensive grave goods intended for use in the afterlife. The Khufu ship is one of the oldest, largest and best-preserved vessels from antiquity. It is long and wide, and has been identified as the world's oldest intact ship, and described as "a masterpiece of woodcraft" that could sail today if put into a lake or a river. The ship was preserved in the Giza Solar boat museum, but was relocated to the Grand Egyptian Museum in August 2021. History Function The history and function of the ship is not precisely known. It is of the type known as a "solar barge", a ritual vessel believed by ancient Egyptians to carry the resurrected king across the heavens with the sun god Ra. However, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erligang Culture
The Erligang culture () is a Bronze Age urban civilization and archaeological culture in China that existed from approximately 1600 to 1400 BC. The primary site, Zhengzhou Shang City, was discovered at Erligang, within the modern city of Zhengzhou, Henan, in 1951. Major sites The culture was centered in the Yellow River valley. In its early years, it expanded rapidly, reaching the Yangtze River. The culture then gradually shrank from its early peak. Zhengzhou Later investigations showed that the Erligang site was part of an ancient city surrounded by a roughly rectangular wall with a perimeter of about . The walls were of rammed earth construction, a technique dating back to Chinese Neolithic sites of the Longshan culture (c. 3000–1900 BC). It has been estimated that the walls would have been wide at the base, rising to a height of . Large workshops were located outside the city walls, including a bone workshop, a pottery workshop and two bronze vessel workshops. The modern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panlongcheng
Panlongcheng () or Panlong City is an archaeological site associated with the Erligang culture () during the Shang dynasty period (). The site is located just north of the Yangtze river, on the bank of the Panlong lake, and is surrounded by the Fushui river in Huangpi, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Panlongcheng is the largest excavated Erligang site ( at its greatest), showing the southernmost reach of the Erligang culture at its peak. It was discovered in 1954, and excavated in 1974 and 1976. The site at Panlongcheng was sparsely inhabited during the Erlitou period (), consisting mainly of several small settlements and occupying an area of around . During the early Erligang period, the site suddenly grew rapidly, reaching an area of around . The central town was surrounded by a ''hangtu'', or rammed earth, wall. Inside the walls two palaces occupying were discovered. Panlongcheng may have been an Erligang outpost used to control regional resources, such as copper mines. The construction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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