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1945 Hazara Rebellion
The 1945 Hazara Rebellion was a rebellion by the Hazaras in the Kingdom of Afghanistan which occurred in 1945 and 1946. Its causes laid in the introduction of a new tax imposed only on the Hazaras. It began in November 1945,{{Cite book, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJ1YDwAAQBAJ, title=The Hazaras and the Afghan State: Rebellion, Exclusion and the Struggle for Recognition, last=Ibrahimi, first=Niamatullah, date=2017, publisher=Oxford University Press, isbn=9781849047074, pages=108, 109, language=en when Hazara Rebels under Ibrahim Khan, also known as "Bačča-Gāw-sawār" (''Son of the bull rider'') revolted against the local administration of Shahristan. After a siege lasting for about a week, the district, as well as arms and ammunition, fell into the hands of the rebels. There are two different accounts as to how the rebellion ended: According to Encyclopædia Iranica, the Afghan government sent a force to pacify the region and subsequently withdrew the tax. According t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Afghanistan
The Kingdom of Afghanistan ( ps, , Dǝ Afġānistān wākmanān; prs, پادشاهی افغانستان, Pādešāhī-ye Afġānistān) was a constitutional monarchy in Central Asia established in 1926 as a successor state to the Emirate of Afghanistan. It was proclaimed by its first king, Amanullah Khan, seven years after he acceded to the throne. The monarchy ended in the 1973 Afghan coup d'état. History Emir Amanullah Khan was keen on modernizing Afghanistan, provoking several uprisings led by his conservative opponents. One such rebellion broke out while he was visiting Europe in 1927. He abdicated in favour of his brother Inayatullah Khan, who only ruled for three days before the leader of the rebellion Habibullāh Kalakāni took power and reinstated the Emirate. After 10 months, Amanullah Khan's Minister of War, Mohammed Nadir, returned from exile in India. His British-supported armies sacked Kabul, forcing Kalakāni to discuss a truce. Instead, Mohammed Nadir's forces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hazara People
The Hazaras ( fa, , Həzārə; haz, , Āzərə) are an ethnic group and the principal component of the population of Afghanistan, native to, and primarily residing in the Hazaristan (Hazarajat) region in central Afghanistan and generally scattered throughout Afghanistan. They are one of the largest ethnic groups in Afghanistan, and are also significant minority groups in neighboring Pakistan, mostly in Quetta, and as well as in Iran. They speak the Hazaragi dialect of Persian, which is mutually intelligible with Dari, one of the two official languages of Afghanistan. Hazaras are considered to be one of the most persecuted groups in Afghanistan, and their persecution has occurred various times across previous decades. Etymology The etymology of the word "Hazara" remains disputed, but some have differing views on the term. *Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire in the early 16th century, records the name "Hazara" in Baburnama. He has mentioned "Hazara" as "Turkoman Hazaras" se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammed Zahir Shah
Mohammed Zahir Shah (Pashto/Dari: , 15 October 1914 – 23 July 2007) was the last king of Afghanistan, reigning from 8 November 1933 until he was deposed on 17 July 1973. Serving for 40 years, Zahir was the longest-serving ruler of Afghanistan since the foundation of the Durrani Empire in the 18th century. He expanded Afghanistan's diplomatic relations with many countries, including with both sides of the Cold War. In the 1950s, Zahir Shah began modernizing the country, culminating in the creation of a new constitution and a constitutional monarchy system. Demonstrating nonpartisanship, his long reign was marked by peace in the country that was lost afterwards. In 1973, while Zahir Shah was undergoing medical treatment in Italy, his regime was overthrown in a coup d'état by his cousin and former prime minister, Mohammed Daoud Khan, who established a single-party republic, ending more than 225 years of continuous monarchical government. He remained in exile near Rome until 2002 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Ibrahim Khan (Afghan Leader)
Muhammad Ibrahim Khan ( prs, محمد ابراهیم خان) known as Ibrahim Gawsawar (); () was the leader of the armed uprising of the Hazara people of Afghanistan in protest against taxes during Zahir Shah's rule. Early life and story Ibrahim Gawsawar was born in 1915 in Sharistan, Uruzgan province (now Daikundi province) in Afghanistan. His father "Muhammad Musa Khan" and his grandfather "Arbab Amirdad" were the beigs and the elders of local people. Arbab Amirdad, was called Gawsawar (); (bull rider) because he was riding a "saddled cow"; And Ibrahim Khan was called the son of Gawsawar or Ibrahim Gawsawar. Uprising Ibrahim Gawsawar was the leader of the armed uprising against Zahir Shah's rule, protesting the heavy taxes imposed on the Hazaras. When the decree of Prime Minister Mohammad Hashim Khan was issued to collect oil tax was issued on a per capita basis from all animals and dairy cattle in Hazara regions, this government action made life difficult and unbearable ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hazaras
The Hazaras ( fa, , Həzārə; haz, , Āzərə) are an ethnic group and the principal component of the population of Afghanistan, native to, and primarily residing in the Hazaristan (Hazarajat) region in central Afghanistan and generally scattered throughout Afghanistan. They are one of the largest ethnic groups in Afghanistan, and are also significant minority groups in neighboring Pakistan, mostly in Quetta, and as well as in Iran. They speak the Hazaragi dialect of Persian, which is mutually intelligible with Dari, one of the two official languages of Afghanistan. Hazaras are considered to be one of the most persecuted groups in Afghanistan, and their persecution has occurred various times across previous decades. Etymology The etymology of the word "Hazara" remains disputed, but some have differing views on the term. * Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire in the early 16th century, records the name "Hazara" in Baburnama. He has mentioned "Hazara" as "Turkoman Hazaras ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encyclopædia Iranica
''Encyclopædia Iranica'' is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times. Scope The ''Encyclopædia Iranica'' is dedicated to the study of Iranian civilization in the wider Middle East, the Caucasus, Southeastern Europe, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. The academic reference work will eventually cover all aspects of Iranian history and culture as well as all Iranian languages and literatures, facilitating the whole range of Iranian studies research from archeology to political sciences. It is a project founded by Ehsan Yarshater in 1973 and currently carried out at Columbia University's Center for Iranian Studies. It is considered the standard encyclopedia of the academic discipline of Iranistics. The scope of the encyclopedia goes beyond modern Iran (also known as "Persia") and encompasses the entire Iranian cultural ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niamatullah Ibrahimi
Nimatullah, also spelled Ni'matullāh, Nematollah etc. ( ar, نعمة الله ) is an Arabic male given name. Etymology Unlike Persian " Nima", whether used as masculine and usually feminine name, may have been possibly adopted from the neighbouring Arabic noun-adjective "نِعْمَة - ''ni‘mah / ni‘amah''" - basic meaning: "blessing" or other meanings: "abundance; benefaction; beneficence; blessing; boon; favor; grace; kindness", for example, a lesser-composite Muslim masculine name like "نِعْمَةُ ٱلله - ''Ni‘mat’Ullah / Ni‘amat’Ullah'' - Blessing of Allah (God)" or a secondary meaning in the following sentence explained. However, this "نِعْمَة - ''ni‘mah / ni‘amah''" denoted and referenced in the Quran is meant as "the Favour(s)/ Grace of Allah (God)". People *Shah Nimatullah Wali (1330–1431), Islamic scholar and Sufi poet *Ignatius Ni'matallah (–1587), Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch *Nimat Allah al-Harawi (fl. 1613–1630), Mugha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1945 In Afghanistan
__NOTOC__ The following lists events that happened during 1945 in Afghanistan. There is little change in internal affairs as Zahir Shah continues a peaceful rule and the end of World War II sees an unbroken record of neutrality for the country. During the year, Ely Palmer, formerly with the foreign service at the Australian embassy, succeeds Cornelius Van H. Engert as U.S. minister at Kabul. Incumbents * Monarch – Mohammed Zahir Shah * Prime Minister – Mohammad Hashim Khan July 1945 The Red Crescent Society of Afghanistan donates £5,000 to the fund opened by the International Red Cross at Geneva as a token of its sympathy with the fate of European peoples. References {{Year in Asia, 1945 Afghanistan Years of the 20th century in Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conflicts In 1945
Conflict may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Conflict'' (1921 film), an American silent film directed by Stuart Paton * ''Conflict'' (1936 film), an American boxing film starring John Wayne * ''Conflict'' (1937 film), a Swedish drama film directed by Per-Axel Branner * ''Conflict'' (1938 film), a French drama film directed by Léonide Moguy * ''Conflict'' (1945 film), an American suspense film starring Humphrey Bogart * ''Catholics: A Fable'' (1973 film), or ''The Conflict'', a film starring Martin Sheen * ''Judith'' (1966 film) or ''Conflict'', a film starring Sophia Loren * ''Samar'' (1999 film) or ''Conflict'', a 1999 Indian film by Shyam Benegal Games * ''Conflict'' (series), a 2002–2008 series of war games for the PS2, Xbox, and PC * ''Conflict'' (video game), a 1989 Nintendo Entertainment System war game * '' Conflict: Middle East Political Simulator'', a 1990 strategy computer game Literature and periodicals * ''Conflict'' (novel) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1946 In Afghanistan
__NOTOC__ The following lists events that happened during 1946 in Afghanistan. Incumbents * Monarch – Mohammed Zahir Shah * Prime Minister – Mohammad Hashim Khan (until 9 May), Shah Mahmud Khan (starting 9 May) May 1946 Sardar Shah Mahmud succeeds Sardar Mohammad Hashim as prime minister. This change of government, after a period of 17 years without change, leads to the proclamation of a general amnesty for political prisoners and the setting up of a high court of justice for the trial of future political offenders. June 5, 1946 Afghanistan applies for membership in the United Nations. This is approved on August 29, and Afghanistan is formally admitted as a member by the Assembly on November 19. June 13, 1946 An agreement is signed in Moscow by Vyacheslav Molotov and Sultan Ahmad Khan, Afghan ambassador, reestablishing the frontier which had existed between Afghanistan and imperial Russia; the new treaty concerns the frontier line along the Penj and Oxus rivers and pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conflicts In 1946
Conflict may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Films *Conflict (1921 film), ''Conflict'' (1921 film), an American silent film directed by Stuart Paton * Conflict (1936 film), ''Conflict'' (1936 film), an American boxing film starring John Wayne * Conflict (1937 film), ''Conflict'' (1937 film), a Swedish drama film directed by Per-Axel Branner * Conflict (1938 film), ''Conflict'' (1938 film), a French drama film directed by Léonide Moguy * Conflict (1945 film), ''Conflict'' (1945 film), an American suspense film starring Humphrey Bogart * Catholics (film), ''Catholics: A Fable'' (1973 film), or ''The Conflict'', a film starring Martin Sheen * Judith (1966 film), ''Judith'' (1966 film) or ''Conflict'', a film starring Sophia Loren * Samar (1999 film), ''Samar'' (1999 film) or ''Conflict'', a 1999 Indian film by Shyam Benegal Games * Conflict (series), ''Conflict'' (series), a 2002–2008 series of war games for the PS2, Xbox, and PC * Conflict (video game), ''Conf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military History Of Afghanistan
The Military history of Afghanistan ( ps, د افغانستان مسلح ځواک) began before 1709 when the Hotaki dynasty was established in Kandahar followed by the Durrani Empire. The Afghan military was re-organized with assistance from the British in 1880, when the country was ruled by Amir Abdur Rahman Khan. It was modernized during King Amanullah Khan's rule in the early 20th century, and then during King Zahir Shah's forty-year rule; the Soviet Union supplied almost all weapons, training and military needs between the 1950s and 1970s. From 1978 to 1992, the Soviet-backed Afghan Armed Forces engaged in heavy fighting with the multi-national mujahideen groups who were then backed by the United States, Pakistan and others. After President Najibullah's resignation in 1992 and the end of Soviet support, the Afghan military dissolved into portions controlled by different factions. This era was followed by the Taliban regime, whose leaders were trained and influenced by the Pakis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
