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1934 Lithuanian Coup D'état Attempt
The coup d'état attempt in 1934 ( lt, 1934-ųjų pučas) was an attempt by ''voldemarininkai'', supporters of the former Prime Minister Augustinas Voldemaras, to overthrow the government of President Antanas Smetona. While ''voldemarininkai'' planned several coups against the government, this coup was the largest and most threatening. Voldemaras was ousted as Prime Minister of Lithuania, Prime Minister in September 1929 but still enjoyed considerable support among the members of the liquidated Iron Wolf (organization), Iron Wolf and many younger military officers. On 6–7 June 1934, several hundred soldiers captured several strategic objects, including the Defence Staff (Lithuania), General Staff, in Kaunas and sent a delegation to negotiate with Smetona about reinstating Voldemaras and making other changes in the government. The coup was not directed against Smetona, but against the government of Prime Minister Juozas Tūbelis. Other military units and the police remained loyal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaunas
Kaunas (; ; also see other names) is the second-largest city in Lithuania after Vilnius and an important centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the largest city and the centre of a county in the Duchy of Trakai of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Trakai Palatinate since 1413. In the Russian Empire, it was the capital of the Kaunas Governorate from 1843 to 1915. During the interwar period, it served as the temporary capital of Lithuania, when Vilnius was seized and controlled by Poland between 1920 and 1939. During that period Kaunas was celebrated for its rich cultural and academic life, fashion, construction of countless Art Deco and Lithuanian National Romanticism architectural-style buildings as well as popular furniture, the interior design of the time, and a widespread café culture. The city interwar architecture is regarded as among the finest examples of European Art Deco and has received the European Heritage Label. It contributed t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1934 Latvian Coup D'état
The 1934 Latvian coup d'état ( lv, 1934. gada 15. maija apvērsums) known in Latvia also as the 15 May Coup (''15. maija apvērsums'') or Ulmanis' Coup (''Ulmaņa apvērsums''), was a self-coup by the veteran Prime Minister Kārlis Ulmanis against the parliamentary system in Latvia. His regime lasted until the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940. On the night of 15–16 May, Ulmanis, with the support of Minister of War Jānis Balodis and the paramilitary Aizsargi organization took control of the main state and party offices, proclaimed the state of emergency (also referred to as the martial law) in Latvia, suspended the Constitution, dissolved all political parties and the Saeima (parliament). Ulmanis then established an executive non-parliamentary authoritarian regime in which he ruled as the Prime Minister. Laws continued to be promulgated by the acting government. The incumbent President of Latvia Alberts Kviesis, who was from Ulmanis Latvian Farmers' Union, accepted the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edvardas Adamkavičius
Edvardas Adamkavičius (March 31, 1888 – May 10, 1957) was a Lithuanian general. Early life He was born in Pikeliai, Telšiai County, Lithuania. Interwar Lithuanian Army He enlisted in the Lithuanian Army in 1918. He was made a lieutenant general on September 6, 1933, a brigadier general in 1936 and a divisional general on February 16, 1937. He retired in 1940. Occupation and emigration After the occupation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union, he fled to Germany. He emigrated to the United States in 1949. He died in Worcester, Massachusetts. Family He was the uncle of future President of Lithuania, Valdas Adamkus. Bibliography *Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija The ''Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija'' or VLE (translation ''Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia'') is a 25-volume universal Lithuanian-language encyclopedia published by the Science and Encyclopaedia Publishing Institute from 2001 to 2014. V ..., Bd. 1, S. 73. References 1888 births 1957 dea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazys Skučas
Kazys Skučas (3 March 1894 in Mauručiai, Marijampolė district – 30 July 1941 in the Butyrka prison) was a Lithuanian politician and General of the Lithuanian Army. Skučas was the last Minister of the Interior of independent Lithuania. He was a target of anti-Lithuanian Soviet propaganda in the days leading to the 1940 Soviet ultimatum and occupation of Lithuania. Right after the Red Army invaded Lithuania on 15 June 1940, Skučas was directed to leave the country by the then-President Antanas Smetona but was arrested at the border several days later by the then acting Lithuanian President Antanas Merkys and handed over to the Russians, transported to Moscow, and executed in 1941. Early life and career After graduation from the Veiveriai Pedagogical Seminary in 1912, Skučas worked as a teacher for a few years. He then enrolled to the Pedagogical Institute of Petrograd. However, in 1915 he was drafted into the Imperial Russian Army and served in the Romanian front with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2nd Infantry Regiment (Lithuania)
2nd Infantry Regiment later known as the 2nd Infantry Regiment of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Algirdas () was a Lithuanian Army infantry regiment that saw combat in the Lithuanian Wars of Independence. It existed from 1918 to 1940. The current Lithuanian arm's '' Grand Duke Algirdas'' Mechanised Infantry Battalion continues the 2nd Regiment's traditions. Formation The regiment began forming on 5 December 1918. However, the Red Army was approaching from the east, so the core of the regiment, composed of the pulkininkas Vincas Grigaliūnas-Glovackis, three officers, and two soldiers, transferred from Vilnius to Kaunas and established itself in three rooms of the hotel "Europa". The German Army, still present in Lithuania, hindered the formation of the regiment, but the regiment was still granted the barracks in the Upper Panemunė. The regiment's officers travelled through Suvalkija and recruited volunteers. In early February 1919, the regiment had 50 officers and 1,262 s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War School Of Kaunas
War School of Kaunas ( lt, Kauno karo mokykla) was a military school for junior officers in Kaunas, the temporary capital of Lithuania. It was established in January 1919 during the Lithuanian Wars of Independence copying the example of Russian 4-month ''praporshchik'' schools established during World War I. Despite difficult circumstances and lack of some of the basic supplies, between March 1919 and October 1920, the school prepared three classes of 434 men who were sent to the front. 15 of these graduates were killed in action. The cadets also participated in suppressing several anti-government coups, including by the Polish Military Organisation in 1919 and by the Voldemarininkai in 1934. As a reliable and loyal force, they were used to guard the Constituent Assembly of Lithuania when it convened in 1920 or the former Prime Minister Augustinas Voldemaras during his trial. After the wars, the length of study was extended to one year in 1920, two years in 1922, and three years ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sofija Smetonienė
Sofija Smetonienė (''née'' Chodakauskaitė; January 13, 1885 – December 28, 1968), was the wife of the first President of Lithuania Antanas Smetona and served as the First Lady of Lithuania from April 4, 1919 to June 19, 1920 and again from December 19, 1926 to June 15, 1940. Sofija was a member of the Chodakowski noble family. Early life and education Sofija Chodakauskaitė was born in manor, the second child of Antanas Chodakauskas (1850-1925) and Maria-Joanna Chodakowska (1852-1910). She was baptized at Pasvitinys Church in February, 1885. Her cousin, Gabrielė Petkevičaitė-Bitė, was her godmother. Her uncle Stefan Chodakowski was her godfather. She had one older brother, Romanas Chodakauskas (1883-1932), one younger brother, Tadas Chodakauskas (1889-1959) and two sisters, Kazimiera (1882-1882) and Jadvyga Chodakauskaitė (1891-1988). In 1895 Antanas Smetona, came to Gavėnonių to tutor Sofija’s brother Romanas. Sofija studied at Jelgava Girl’s Gymnasium. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chief Of The Defence Staff (Lithuania)
Chief of the Defence Staff is the head of the Lithuanian Defence Staff responsible for the administrative, operational, and logistical needs of the Lithuanian Armed Forces The Lithuanian Armed Forces () are the military of Lithuania. The Lithuanian Armed Forces consist of the Lithuanian Land Forces, the Lithuanian Naval Force and the Lithuanian Air Force. In wartime, the Lithuanian State Border Guard Service ( .... List of chiefs Chiefs of the General Staff (1918–1940) Chiefs of the Defence Staff (since 1990) Notes References {{reflist Military of Lithuania Lists of Lithuanian military personnel Military chiefs of staff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zarasai
Zarasai () is a city in northeastern Lithuania, surrounded by many lakes and rivers: to the southwest of the city is Lake Zarasas, to the north – Lake Zarasaitis, to the southeast – Lake Baltas, and the east – Lake Griežtas. Lakes Zarasaitis and Griežtas are connected by the River Laukesa. Zarasai holds the record for the highest recorded daytime temperature in Lithuania at on 30 July 1994. A few music festivals are held in Zarasai in summer, such as Mėnuo Juodaragis and Roko naktys. Etymology The name of Zarasai is of Selonian origin. Lithuanian linguist Kazimieras Būga explained its origins – in Selonian language the word ''lake'' was pronounced as ''ezeras'' or ''ezaras'', plural form ''ezerasai''. During the time it was shortened to ''Zarasai''. In Polish, the town was known since the first third of the 16th century as Jeziorosy, from ''jezioro'' meaning 'lake'. In 1836, the town was renamed ''Novoalexandrovsk'' in honor of Tsar Nicholas I's son Alexander. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbine
A carbine ( or ) is a long gun that has a barrel shortened from its original length. Most modern carbines are rifles that are compact versions of a longer rifle or are rifles chambered for less powerful cartridges. The smaller size and lighter weight of carbines make them easier to handle. They are typically issued to high-mobility troops such as special operations soldiers and paratroopers, as well as to mounted, artillery, logistics, or other non-infantry personnel whose roles do not require full-sized rifles, although there is a growing tendency for carbines to be issued to front-line soldiers to offset the increasing weight of other issued equipment. An example of this is the U.S. Army's M4 carbine, which is standard issue. Etymology The name comes from its first users — cavalry troopers called " carabiniers", from the French ''carabine'', from Old French ''carabin'' (soldier armed with a musket), whose origin is unclear. One theory connects it to an "ancient engine of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historical Presidential Palace, Kaunas
The Historical Presidential Palace ( lt, Istorinė Prezidentūra) is a Neo-baroque building in the Old Town of Kaunas, Lithuania that served as the Presidential Palace during the interwar years. Today, the palace is a branch of the M. K. Čiurlionis National Art Museum. History The original palace was constructed on in 1846, when a local aristocrat received authorization to build the two-story edifice. The project featured a symmetrically designed structure with seven rooms on the first floor, and nine rooms on the second floor. Shortly afterwards the building was expanded and another portal was added. In 1866, a garden was also laid out in front of the building. Two years later, additional structures were built nearby, and the building was acquired by the Russian government as a residence for the Kovno Governor. In 1876, the building was finally purchased by that government. During the latter part of the 19th century the building underwent further expansion, and an addit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaunas Railway Station
Kaunas railway station ( lt, Kauno geležinkelio stotis) is a Lithuanian Railways central passenger railway station in Kaunas. It is located at the eastern edge of Central Kaunas, Lithuania. Kaunas railway station was included into the Registry of Immovable Cultural Heritage Sites of the Republic of Lithuania in 2003. History After the Russian Empire lost the Crimean War, the importance of use of tactical use of modern inventions, as well as railways. In February 1851 the Government of Russia made a decision to build the Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway line. Starting from 1858 the line connecting Saint Petersburg and Warsaw was being built. In the territory of Lithuania, the construction of the railway section Daugavpils–Vilnius– Grodno including the branch Lentvaris– Kaunas–Kybartai ( Virbalis) was started in spring 1859. The first railway stations in Lithuania were constructed on this line (21 stations): the super class stations in Lentvaris and Virbalis, as well ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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