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1932 Costa Rican General Election
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 14 February 1932.Dieter Nohlen (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p155 Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno of the National Republican Party won the presidential election, whilst the party also won the parliamentary election, in which they received 47% of the vote. Voter turnout was 64%.Nohlen, p156 Campaign In 1931 Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno was proclaimed in absentia presidential nominee in the National Republican Party’s convention, where an incident happens; four people shout "Long live the Communist Party!" When informed he has been elected candidate Jiménez said he would consider it. He was reluctant, he had withdrawn from politics to his farm, saying he would accept only if he had enough citizen support and economic support from others. The diverse republican factions (all claiming to be heirs of the historic Republican Party of Máximo Fernández) were divided looking for candidates. Alberto Echandi Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno
Romualdo Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno (February 6, 1859 – January 4, 1945) served as president of Costa Rica on three occasions: 1910–1914, 1924–1928 and 1932–1936. He was one of the best known lawyers in Costa Rican history and a University of Santo Tomás graduate. Shortly before assuming power in 1910, the province of Cartago was hit by a powerful earthquake which destroyed most of the city and killed hundreds. One of his main struggles was the rebuilding of the biggest city in the country at the time. After the earthquake, Jiménez outlawed construction with adobe. Another notable aspect of his first term was the consolidation of the country's external debt with a great part of the debt owed to France being repaid. During his second term in office, he created the National Insurance Bank, The Bank of Mortgage Credit, the School of Agriculture and founded the Ministry of Health. He also began the electrification of the Pacific railway system and the creation of the Paci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republican Party (Costa Rica)
The Republican Party ( es, Partido Republicano, PR) was a political party in Costa Rica. History The party first contested national elections in 1902, when Máximo Fernández Alvarado was its presidential candidate. Fernández finished second to the National Union Party candidate Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra. Fernández finished second again in the 1906 elections. Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno was the party's presidential candidate in 1910. Although Fernández received the most votes in the 1913 presidential elections, he failed to secure a majority and declined to take up the post;Dieter Nohlen (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p186 Congress subsequently elected Alfredo González Flores as president. In the 1915 parliamentary elections the party received 67% of the vote. Costa Rica was briefly a one-party state under president Federico Tinoco Granados for the 1917 and January 1919 elections. Although the Republican Party received only 4% of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1932 Elections In Central America
Year 193 ( CXCIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sosius and Ericius (or, less frequently, year 946 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 193 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * January 1 – Year of the Five Emperors: The Roman Senate chooses Publius Helvius Pertinax, against his will, to succeed the late Commodus as Emperor. Pertinax is forced to reorganize the handling of finances, which were wrecked under Commodus, to reestablish discipline in the Roman army, and to suspend the food programs established by Trajan, provoking the ire of the Praetorian Guard. * March 28 – Pertinax is assassinated by members of the Praetorian Guard, who storm the imperial palace. The Empire is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Female Suffrage
Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections. Beginning in the start of the 18th century, some people sought to change voting laws to allow women to vote. Liberal political parties would go on to grant women the right to vote, increasing the number of those parties' potential constituencies. National and international organizations formed to coordinate efforts towards women voting, especially the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (founded in 1904 in Berlin, Germany). Many instances occurred in recent centuries where women were selectively given, then stripped of, the right to vote. The first place in the world to award and maintain women's suffrage was New Jersey in 1776 (though in 1807 this was reverted so that only white men could vote). The first province to ''continuously'' allow women to vote was Pitcairn Islands in 1838, and the first sovereign nation was Norway in 1913, as the Kingdom of Hawai'i, which originally had universal suffrage in 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Reform
Democratization, or democratisation, is the transition to a more democratic political regime, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction. It may be a hybrid regime in transition from an authoritarian regime to a full democracy, a transition from an authoritarian political system to a semi-democracy or transition from a semi-authoritarian political system to a democratic political system. The outcome may be consolidated (as it was for example in the United Kingdom) or democratization may face frequent reversals (as happened in Chile). Different patterns of democratization are often used to explain other political phenomena, such as whether a country goes to a war or whether its economy grows. Whether and to what extent democratization occurs has been attributed to various factors, including economic development, historical legacies, civil society, and international processes. Some accounts of democratization emphasize how elites drove democratization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secret Vote
The secret ballot, also known as the Australian ballot, is a voting method in which a voter's identity in an election or a referendum is anonymous. This forestalls attempts to influence the voter by intimidation, blackmailing, and potential vote buying. This system is one means of achieving the goal of political privacy. Secret ballots are used in conjunction with various voting systems. The most basic form of a secret ballot utilizes blank pieces of paper upon which each voter writes their choice. Without revealing the votes to anyone, the voter folds the ballot paper in half and places it in a sealed box. This box is later emptied for counting. An aspect of secret voting is the provision of a voting booth to enable the voter to write on the ballot paper without others being able to see what is being written. Today, printed ballot papers are usually provided, with the names of the candidates or questions and respective check boxes. Provisions are made at the polling place for th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jorge Volio Jiménez
Jorge Volio Jiménez (August 26, 1882 – October 20, 1955) was a Costa Rican priest, soldier and politician. Biography Jorge Volio was born August 26, 1882, in Cartago, Costa Rica to Carlos Volio Llorente and Matilde Jiménez Oreamuno. In 1901, he graduated with a baccalaureate in humanities with distinction (''bachiller en humanidades con Distinción Unánime'') from the Liceo de Costa Rica. In 1903, he traveled to Belgium to study at the León XII Seminary of the University of Leuven. While in Europe, he also studied at the Saint-Sulpice Seminary of Paris and at the University of Freiburg. In 1906, he graduated magna cum laude in philosophy. In 1909, he was ordained as a priest of the Roman Catholic Church. After returning from Europe to Costa Rica, Volio went to Nicaragua to join Augusto César Sandino's guerilla army, the ''liberales'', in the struggle against the United States occupation of Nicaragua. He achieved the rank of general. Returning to Costa Rica to te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1917 Costa Rican Coup D'état
The 1917 Costa Rican coup d'état of 27 January 1917 was a rupture of the constitutional order in the Republic of Costa Rica, where the constitutional President Alfredo González Flores, was overthrown by his Minister of War and Navy Federico "Pelico" Tinoco and his brother and army commander José Joaquín Tinoco. The coup had the support of the Costa Rican oligarchy —mainly the bankers and coffee growers— affected by González's tax reform, particularly a greater tax burden for the big capital. Gonzalez did not enjoy popular support as he had been appointed by Congress and not elected in open elections. Tinoco, in addition to the support of the most conservative oligarchy, had the support of the Catholic Church, of the Army (commanded by his brother), of important political and intellectual figures and of wide sectors of the population, although the repressive brutality of the regime was little by little undermining his popularity. The US government under President Woodrow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reformist Party (Costa Rica)
Reformist Party may refer to: * Enlightenment Party, a defunct political party in Korea *Kaishintō, a defunct political party in Japan *Kakushintō, a defunct political party in Japan * Reformist Party (Portugal), a defunct political party in Portugal (1920s) *Reformist Party (Portugal, 1868), a defunct political party in Portugal (1868–1876) * Reformist Party (Serbia), a minor political party in Serbia *Reformist Party (Spain), a defunct political party in Spain *Reformist Party ORA Reformist Party ORA ( sq, Partia Reformiste ORA) was a social-democratic political party in Kosovo. The party supported Kosovo independence. The party was normally referred to as ORA, which in Albanian means the Hour. ORA was founded as ''Civil ..., a defunct political party in Kosovo See also * Reform Party (other) {{Disambiguation, political ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfredo González Flores
Alfredo González Flores served as President of Costa Rica from 1914 to 1917. He was unable to complete his presidential mandate following a coup d'état on 27 January 1917, led by Federico Tinoco, his secretary for War and the Navy. González was born in Heredia, Costa Rica on 15 June 1877 as the son of Domingo González Pérez and Elemberta Flores. He graduated from the Costa Rica Grammar School in 1896 and obtained his law degree in 1903. He was called to the Presidency on 8 May 1914 by the Congress, as part of a pact between the two major political parties, the Republican Party and the Duranista party, after none of the three competing parties managed to secure an absolute majority. During his administration, he founded the Normal School of Heredia (1915, of which he also was President of the Board), the National Electricity Cabinet and the International Bank of Costa Rica (now the National Bank of Costa Rica). He also created the Agricultural Credit Meetings, which led t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Party (Costa Rica)
The name Constitutional was used for several loosely connected Costa Rican parties throughout history. The first was the Constitutional Convention Party (''Partido Convención Constitucional''), also the first ever Costa Rican political party. It was formed in 1868 to oppose the presidential candidacy of Julián Volio Llorente, but disbanded soon after. Later Conservative candidate José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón, who was endorsed by the Catholic Church, was nominated by the Democratic Constitutional Party in the first ever elections with political parties in Costa Rica, the 1889 Costa Rican general election facing Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra of the also newly founded Liberal Party. After its main goal was accomplished, Rodriguez' victory, the party disbanded. Julio Acosta will be candidate for the Constitutional PartyNohlen, D (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p155 in the 1919 Costa Rican general election soon after the end of Federico Tinoco's t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
León Cortés Castro
León Cortés Castro (December 8, 1882 – March 3, 1946) was a Costa Rican politician. He served as President of Costa Rica from 1936 to 1940. During his term he introduced new bank reforms, supported banana plantations in the South Pacific region, and established ports at Quepos and Golfito. His administration is often referred to as the "iron bars and cement administration" because of the various construction projects undertaken during his presidency, including the construction of the former International Airport of La Sabana. He was the last of a series of relatively conservative Presidents. He considered changes to allow him to pursue re-election as President, but ultimately backed down due to a Constitutional ban on consecutive terms. He was succeeded by Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, who ultimately broke with tradition and substantially increased the scope of the social state.SeIan Holzhauer, "The Presidency of Calderón Guardia" (University of Florida History Thesis, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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